胸部CT讲座.ppt
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1、正常胸部CT,胸部CT的优势,肺、纵隔、胸廓骨质及胸部软组织在身体中天然对比是较明显的部位,但仅靠胸部平片仍很难显示上述结果与病变之间的密度差异 CT能显示胸部正常结构和病灶的大体解剖,定位、定量准确,为定性分析帮助,有关胸部CT检查技术的几个问题,CT值与窗宽、窗位:肺窗和纵膈窗,双窗技术 轴扫及螺旋扫描,层厚和层距(容积效应) 吸气不同状态扫描(吸气末) 增强扫描,时相 高分辨CT(High Resolution ,HRCT),层厚 12mm,显示次级肺小叶结构;显示间质性病变、支扩,纵隔窗,纵隔分区,前纵隔 - 胸骨后、心脏大血管前,包括胸腺、淋巴结 中纵隔 -包括气管与主支气管、心脏、
2、主动脉及分支、淋巴结 后纵隔 - 食管前缘后、胸椎前及椎旁沟,包括食管、降主动脉、奇静脉、半奇静脉及淋巴结,主要层面和结构,主动脉弓及其以上层面:辨认头臂血管 主-肺动脉窗层面:窗空虚/潜在,气管分叉,奇V弓 右上叶支气管层面:左PA弓、右上PV前干,右上PA,上腔V 左上叶支气管层面:右中间段支气管,右PA,右下PA,左上PV,左PA降支 其他肺门层面:两侧大小基本对称(肺窗显示更佳),相伴随的支气管和PA分支,由近向远渐小,Can you find the right and left subclavian arteries? (click for answer),The right su
3、bclavian artery as it dumps into the brachiocephalic artery. (click to highlight),What are the 3 yellow air-filled (black) structures highlighted here? (click to highlight),This is contrast (white) being injected into the left subclavian vein.,Can you find the first 3 branches off the aortic arch? (
4、click for answer),Incidental lipoma (fat tumor) (notice it is the same density as fat in the chest wall),Can you find the left brachiocephalic vein as it dumps into the SVC? (click for answer),We are at the level of the top of the aortic arch (click to highlight),Can you find the right pectoralis ma
5、jor and minor? (click for answer),What is the structure in blue? (click to highlight),This is the Superior Vena cava,Can you find the azygous arch ? (where the azygous vein comes across to dump into the SVC) (click for answer),Notice the bifurcation of the trachea (corina) at this level (click to hi
6、ghlight),What is the structure in red? (click to highlight),This is the left pulmonary artery.,Can you find the pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery? (click for answer),Where are the ascending (A) and descending (D) limbs of the thoracic aorta? (click to highlight),We are at the level of the t
7、op of the left atrium. Notice The pulmonary veins dumping into it as they return from the lungs. (click to highlight),Can you find the left main coronary artery coming off the aorta? (click for answer),You can further see The left coronary branch into the Circumflex artery and the LAD artery (click
8、to highlight),Here is a good image of the aortic semi-lunar valve leaflets. Can you find them? (click for answer),Here is a good image of the left atrium dumping Into the left ventricle. Can you find it? (click to highlight),You can clearly see the left ventricular wall and septum with the projectin
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