Acids and bases, salts and solutions.ppt
《Acids and bases, salts and solutions.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Acids and bases, salts and solutions.ppt(32页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Acids and bases, salts and solutions,Chapter 10-1 10-9, 11-1 11-4,Key concepts,Compare and contrast the Arrhenius and Brnsted-Lowry theories of acids and bases Describe hydrated protons Properties of acid and base solutions Arrange acids according to acid strength Balance acid-base equations Amphote
2、rism Lewis acid-base theory Molarity calculations in titrations Equivalents,Various properties of acids and bases,Arrhenius theory of acids/bases,Developed in 1884. An acid is a substance containing hydrogen that produces _ in aqueous solution. A base is a substance containing the OH group that prod
3、uces _ in aqueous solution.,Protons are not alone.,Protons combine with water molecules to form _ _.We commonly represent this as the hydronium ion, H3O+(aq), but writing H+(aq) means the same thing.,Brnsted-Lowry theory (1923),An acid is a _ _. A base is a _ _.Bases are no longer restricted to comp
4、ounds that release OH- in solution. For instance, NH3 is a base. What does it look like after reacting with a proton?,Ionization of weak acids/bases,While strong acids dissociate completely, not all reactions are complete and irreversible (in fact, most are not). Rxns with weak acids/bases are rever
5、sible. Example: HF + H2O What is the acid? What is the base? (depends on which side of rxn you look at),Conjugate acid-base pairs,Conjugate acid-base pairs differ in structure by _ _.Some examples of conjugate pairs:,Acid/base strength,The strength of an acid is _ proportional to the strength of its
6、 base.Strong acids have _.Weaker acids have _. As the acid gets weaker and weaker, what happens to the conjugate base? What does this tell you about the amount of ionization taking place?,Amphoterism,Some substances can both give and accept protons. This process is called amphoterism. Water is the p
7、rime example of amphiprotic behavior.2H2O H3O+ + OH-,Acid strength,The hydrohalic acids: HF, HCl, HBr, HI What are the sizes of the halogens? How will this affect the H-X bond?HF bond is very strong vs. the other halogens. F- causes ordering of the H2O molecules (how does that happen?),Leveling solv
8、ents,In aqueous solution, no acid is stronger than H3O+(aq). All other acids completely dissolve in water to form H3O+. Because of this, all strong acids are of equal strength in water.A similar effect is observed for strong bases, which completely dissolve to form OH-.,Ternary acids and bases,What
9、is a ternary acid?Ternary acids are hydroxyl compounds of a _.Ionize to produce H+.,Compare to other hydroxyl compoundsMetal hydroxidesionize to produce _ and are _ in aqueous solution.,Ternary acid strength,H2SO4 vs H2SO3. Whats the difference in acid strength? Compare oxidation number of sulfur in
10、 each.Acid strength increases with _ oxidation number of the central atom.Order the following acids from weakest to strongest:HBrO3, HBrO, HBrO4, HBrO2,important!,When comparing ternary acid strength, make sure the compounds have similar structure. Where are the hydrogens located? (H3PO3 vs H3PO4),N
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
2000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ACIDSANDBASES SALTSANDSOLUTIONSPPT
