A Summary of Different Methods Used to Measure .ppt
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1、A Summary of Different Methods Used to Measure Vaporization Enthalpies,BG Bourdon gauge C calorimetric determination GC gas chromatography GCC gas chromatography-calorimetry CGC correlation gas chromatography DM diaphram manometer DSC differential scanning calorimeter EB ebullometry GS gas saturatio
2、n, transpiration HG Heise gauge,HSA head space analysis I isoteniscope IPM inclined piston manometry ME Mass effusion-Knudsen effusion MG McLeod gauge MM mercury manometer OM oil manometer RG Rodebush gauge SG spoon gauge STG strain gauge T tensimeter TE torsion effusion UV ultraviolet absorption,A
3、Summary of Different Methods Used to Measure Vaporization Enthalpies (continued),TB thermobalance TGA thermal gravimetric analysis TPTD temperature programmed thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometry TRM thermoradiometric method TSGC temperature scanning gas chromatography UV ultraviolet a
4、bsorption HSA V viscosity gauge VG MKS Baratron Vacuum Gauge,1. Measurement of vapor pressure as a function of temperature - using a manometer 2. Knudsen effusionP = m(2RT/mw)1/2/ t AKcKc = 8r/(3l +8r) where: P = pressure; m = mass loss from cell;t = period of time; A = area of openingmw = molecular
5、 weight; T = temperature (K)r = radius of opening; l = thickness of opening,Measurement of Vaporization Enthalpies,3. Calvet calorimeter 4. Transpiration 5. Head space analysis 6. Correlation gas chromatography,Correlation gas chromatography,What is ta?,ta is the adjusted retention time ti - tnrr ti
6、 = retention time of ith component tnrr = retention time of a non retained referenceWhat does ta measure?,For a pure component, a plot of ln (vapor pressure) vs 1/T over a narrow temperature range results in a straight line. The slope of the line is equal to - glHm(Tm), the enthalpy of vaporization.
7、 A plot of ln (1/ ta) vs 1/T over a narrow temperature range results in a straight line. What does the slope measure?,Enthalpy of Transfer Determination for Tetradecane,ln(1/ta) = -gslnHm(Tm)/R + intercept gslnHm(Tm) * 8.314 J mol-1 = 53.158 kJ mol-1,What is slngHm(Tm) ? What does it measure?Solute
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