ASTM F726-17 Standard Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents for use on Crude Oil and Related Spills.pdf

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1、Designation: F726 17Standard Test Method forSorbent Performance of Adsorbents for use on Crude Oiland Related Spills1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F726; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers laborato

3、ry tests that describe theperformance of adsorbents in removing crude oils, nonemulsi-fied oils and other floating, immiscible liquids from the surfaceof water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standar

4、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau

5、tionary statements are given in 8.3.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World T

6、rade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of FinishedTextile Floor Covering MaterialsF716 Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Absorbents2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 141a Paint, Varn

7、ish, Lacquer and RelatedMaterials, Methods of Inspection, Sampling and Testing32.3 Military Specification:MIL-I-631D Insulation, Electric, Synthetic ResinComposition, Nonrigid33. Terminology3.1 General Terminology:3.1.1 gellanta material such as a colloidal network orother aggregate network that per

8、vades and holds a liquid in ahighly viscous fragile structure. Many gels may rapidly liquifywith added heat or ionic/polar addition. These materials aresoluble/flowable in excess liquid.3.1.2 sorbentan insoluble material or mixture of materialsused to recover liquids through the mechanisms of absorp

9、tionor adsorption, or both.3.1.3 thickenera material (usually of higher molecularweight) that is soluble in excess liquid. These materials gofrom dry to gummy (viscoelastic) to flowable and then soluble.The final viscosity depends only on the liquid to solid ratio.3.1.4 universal sorbentan insoluble

10、 material or mixture ofmaterials that will sorb both hydrophobic and hydrophilicliquid spills.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 absorbenta material that picks up and retains aliquid distributed throughout its molecular structure causingthe solid to swell (50 % or more). The absorbent is at least70 % insoluble i

11、n excess fluid.3.2.2 adsorbentan insoluble material that is coated by aliquid on its surface including pores and capillaries without thesolid swelling more than 50 % in excess liquid.3.2.3 adsorbent cubage factor “C”this is the ratio ofsorbent volume used to the liquid volume sorbed.3.2.4 cubagedefi

12、nes cubic content, volume, or displace-ment.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 This test method does not apply to belt, rope, or weirtype skimming devices.3.3.2 oila substantially water immiscible organic liquidthat will float on water (density less than 1 g/cm3), typicallywith

13、 surface tension less than 40 103N/m.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 onHazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F20.22 on Mitigation Actions.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally

14、approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F726 12. DOI:10.1520/F0726-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Sum

15、mary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was d

16、eveloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.3.3 Type I ad

17、sorbent (roll, film, sheet, pad, blanket,web)a material with length and width much greater thanthickness and which has both linear form and strength suffi-cient to be handled either saturated or unsaturated.3.3.4 Type II adsorbent (loose)an unconsolidated, particu-late material without sufficient fo

18、rm and strength to be handledexcept with scoops and similar equipment.3.3.5 Type III adsorbent (enclosed):3.3.5.1 IIIa, pillowsadsorbent material contained by anouter fabric or netting that has permeability to oil, but withopenings sufficiently small so as to substantially retain thesorbent material

19、 within the fabric or netting.3.3.5.2 IIIb, adsorbent boomsadsorbent material con-tained by an outer fabric or netting that is permeable to oil butwith openings sufficiently small so as to substantially retain thesorbent material within the fabric or netting. The lengthwisedimension substantially ex

20、ceeds other dimensions and withstrength members running parallel with length. Booms are alsoprovided with connections for coupling adsorbent boomstogether.3.3.6 Type IV-agglomeration unitan assemblage ofstrands, open netting, or other physical forms giving an openstructure that minimally impedes the

21、 intrusion into itself ofhigh viscosity oils. Normally for use with viscous oils, typi-cally above 10 000 cP viscosity. Said oils are then held in thisstructure permitting the composite oil/structure to be handled(pompoms).3.3.7 reusethe art of extracting adsorbed liquids from anadsorbent through ro

22、lls or other compression techniques per-mitting the adsorbent to be used once again; limitations onreuse may include the U.S. Clean Water Act or other legalrestrictions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The adsorbent material is tested using established stan-dard tests for factors relating to storage, wh

23、ile speciallydeveloped tests are used for covering other performancefactors. Oil and water adsorption strength, buoyancy, andreusability tests are included among these latter tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is to be used as a basis for comparisonof adsorbents in a consistent manner

24、.5.2 These tests are not appropriate for absorbent materialsthat are covered in Methods F716.NOTE 1Ensure that material compatibilities exist between the sorbentand the hazardous substance which may be sorbed.6. Apparatus6.1 Exterior Exposure Tester, sufficient to be used underFederal Test Standard

25、141a, Method 6152, or actual exposureas detailed in 8.2.6.2 Test CellsThe dimensions of the test cells shall belarge enough to enable the adsorbent sample to float freelywithin the test cell. For Type I and Type II sorbents, therecommended test cell is a borosilicate 19 cm (diameter) by 10cm (depth)

26、 crystallizing dish with a watch glass or glass platecover. For larger samples, a 53 by 56 cm plastic sink (laundrytub or equivalent) to accommodate the sample is recom-mended.6.3 Mesh BasketsThe basket shall be of a sufficient sizeand strength to accommodate the sample size and weight (150cm3, 4 to

27、 10 g minimum) when saturated. The basket must notbe so tall as to interfere with a protective lid for the test cell.NOTE 2The mesh should retain the sorbent, yet allow free oil to drainaway from the sorbent.6.4 Shaker Table, capable of a frequency of 150 cycles/minand an amplitude of 2.5 cm.6.5 Top

28、 Loading BalanceforType I and II adsorbent, fittedwith a hook or other handing mechanism, 400+ g maximumcapacity with 0.1 g resolution, or equivalent.6.6 Continuous Reading Hanging Scale, for Type III and IVadsorbent, fitted with a hook or other handing mechanism, 50+kg maximum capacity with 100 g r

29、esolution, or equivalent.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition all adsorbent test specimens at 23 6 4C and70 6 20 % relative humidity for not less than 24 h prior totesting. Condition specimens in a fully exposed state with nocoverings or wrapping that would hinder the ambient equili-bration process.7.2 If t

30、emperature conditions other than normal room tem-perature are expected to be important, then conditioning andtesting should be carried out at temperatures of interest inaddition to those specified in 7.1.8. Tests for Storage Properties8.1 Storage DensityThe density of the sorbent sample iscalculated

31、 by determining the weight of a known volume(standard sorbent package as delivered to the consumer) of thesorbent. If standard storage packages are not available, then themass of at least 1 L of sorbent is determined to calculate thestorage density.8.2 MildewThe susceptibility of an adsorbent to mil

32、dewunder normal storage is defined under MIL-1-631D, Section3.5.7. The objective of this test is to determine expected shelflife under conditions which could lead to mildew.8.3 FlammabilityThe procedure for this test is describedin Test Method D2859, the Methenamine Pill Test. This testrelates to ig

33、nition from a spark, cigarette, or other point sourcesuch as might be encountered in normal shipping and storage.It should not be inferred that an adsorbent that passes this testwill fail to burn if ignited in another manner such as fullbuilding involvement, bonfire, and so forth, and it shouldlikew

34、ise be understood that the test is limited to and pertains toonly unsaturated adsorbent samples as normally supplied bythe manufacturer.8.3.1 This test method should be used to measure anddescribe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies inresponse to heat and flame under controlled labo

35、ratory con-ditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the firehazard or fire risk of materials, products, assemblies underF726 172actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be usedas elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into accountall of the factors which are pe

36、rtinent to an assessment of thefire hazard of a particular end use.8.3.2 Test Type I adsorbents as a single sheet or pad assupplied by the vendor.8.3.3 Uniformly arrange Type II adsorbents in a layer ofsufficient size to fit the test apparatus. The thickness should be1.5 mm uncompressed and arranged

37、 such that the bulk densityis equal to that found in the packaged product as supplied bythe manufacturer.8.3.4 Any type adsorbent can be tested in the package inwhich it is supplied by placing the standard Methenamine testmask on a flat portion of the package surface, and placing thepill in the cent

38、er of the mask on the package and igniting it.Results would be interpreted as in the normal test.9. Tests for Performance Properties9.1 These tests involve the use of oils with a range ofviscosities and densities as indicated below.Oil Type Viscosity Range Density Range ExampleLight 1 to 10 cP 0.820

39、 to 0.870 g/cm3Diesel fuel,mineral oilMedium 200 to 400 cP 0.860 to 0.970 g/cm3Crude oil, canola oil,mineral oilHeavy 1500 to 2500 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Bunker C or residualfuel, mineral oilWeathered 8000 to 10 000 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Emulsified crude oil,mineral oil9.2 Dynamic Degradation TestT

40、his procedure is designedto test for water take-up and to determine oleophilic propertiesof an adsorbent sample under dynamic conditions. This test isperformed at 23 6 4C.9.2.1 Type I AdsorbentSample pieces of the adsorbent(four pieces cut with a sharp edge (to minimize compaction)into squares of ap

41、proximately 6 by 6 cm) are first weighed thenplaced ina4Ljarthat is half-filled with water and sealed. Thecontainer is then placed on its side and mounted on a shakertable, or similar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles perminute and an amplitude of 2.5 cm for a duration of 15 min.The contents

42、of the jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2min. Observations pertaining to the condition of the adsorbentand the condition of the water are recorded. Any adsorbentpieces that do not remain floating at the surface of the water areconsidered to have failed this test. The contents of the jar are

43、strained through a mesh basket to catch the adsorbent samples,which are then weighed after a 30 s drain period. The waterpick-up ratio is calculated from the weight measurements (see9.5).9.2.1.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mLof oil(medium crude, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added.

44、 Theadsorbent sample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed.The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, orsimilar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute andan amplitude of 2.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contentsof the jar are allowed to settle for a period o

45、f 2 min, at whichtime observations are noted. Observations include but are notlimited to: quantity of adsorbent submerged, physical appear-ance of adsorbent and water, and the persistence and color ofresidual test liquid sheen.9.2.2 Type II AdsorbentAn adsorbent sample (approxi-mately 4 to 10 g or a

46、 maximum of 150 cm3) is first weighedthen placed in a 4L jar that is half-filled with water and sealed.The container is then placed on its side and mounted on ashaker table, or similar device, set at a frequency of 150 cyclesper minute and an amplitude of 2.5 cm for a duration of 15 min.The contents

47、 of the jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2min. Observations pertaining to the condition of the adsorbentand the condition of the water are recorded. If 10 % or more ofthe adsorbent material has sunk, then the adsorbent is consid-ered to have failed this test. The contents of the jar are str

48、ainedthrough a mesh basket to catch the adsorbent samples, whichare then weighed after a 30 s drain period. The water pick-upratio is calculated from the weight measurements (see 9.5).9.2.2.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mLof oil(medium crude, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added. Th

49、eadsorbent sample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed.The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, orsimilar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute andan amplitude of 2.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contentsof the jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2 min, at whichtime observations are noted. Observations include but are notlimited to: quantity of adsorbent submerged, physical appear-ance of adsorbent and water, and the persistence and color ofresidual test liquid sheen.9.2.3 Types IIIa, IIIb,