专业英语八级词汇-13及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级词汇-13及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Gestures arent the only area in which the unwary traveler canget tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere different business customs (1) and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should restrain them (2) in the Middle East. Three cups of tea or coffee is usually th

2、e politelimit in offices and during social calls, counsel Travel Pak, a (3) free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. And if your host (4) keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If youve had your fill,give your empty cup a quick twist-a sort of wiggle-as you hand itback. That means

3、 No more, thank you. Middle East visitors also should be surprised if others barge (5) right into the office in the middle of your conversation with theperson you are seeing, notes Travel Pak. An old Arab customcalls for keeping an open office.The British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt

4、into a visitor, (6) even after all business has been transacted. The commercial calleris expected to be sensible to this point, know when to stop, and initiate (7) his or her own departure.In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings willleave early. They should be allowed to leave with ef

5、fusive good- (8) byes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive insuch cases and disturbing to remain guests. (9) In the Arab world, the word no must be mentioned threetimes before it is accepted. On contrast, it is considered good business (10) manners to make many and long efforts

6、to pick up the check.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Normally a student must attend a certain number of coursesin order to graduate, and each course which he attends and gives him a (1) credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universitiesthe

7、 total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasts for (2) one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifieenweeks; while attend a university, a student will probably attend four or (3) five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect tota

8、ke four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spreadthe period of work for the degree over a long period. It is also possible (4) for a student to move between one university and another during his degreecourse, though this is not in fact done for a regular practice. (5) For eve

9、ry course that he follows a student is given a grade, which isrecorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospectiveemployers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, and (6) in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in studentaffairs. E

10、lections to positions in student organizations arise much enthusiasm. (7) The efficient word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students (8) who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought tohave broken the rules, for example, by cheating, have to appear before (9) a s

11、tudent court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operationof the system does involve a certain number of activity. A student (10) who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected andit will be of benefit to him later in his career.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项

12、1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Whenever you see the old film, even one made as early (1) as ten years ago, you cant help be stuck by the appearance (2) of the woman taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated;their shirts look either too long nor too short; their general appearance is, (3) in

13、fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, areclearly recognizable. There is something about their appearance to suggest (4) that they belong to an entirely different age. This illusion is created by changed (5) fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men h

14、as successfully resisted (6) all attempts to make them to change their style of dress. The same cannot (7) be said for women. Each year a few so-call top designers in Paris and (8) London lay down on the law and women over the whole world run to (9) obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictab

15、le and dictatorial.This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion-skirts will be short andwaists will be height; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law (10) is reversed and far from taking exception; however, no one is even mildly surprised.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1

16、:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science andtechnology evolved for the most part independently of each other.Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the crafttechniques of preindustrial society gradually gave to a technology (1) based on the

17、 systematic application of scientific knowledge andscience methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed (2) evenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries (3) could use scientific techniques or cared of using them. The list (4) expanded noticeably after 1870, but even

18、then much of what passedfor the application of science was engineering science rather thanbasic science. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century,the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness-ifnot understanding-it had created a belief that the advance of (5) scien

19、ce would in some unspecified manner automatically generateeconomic benefits. The widespread and usual uncritical acceptance (6) of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application ofscience with industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with (7) fundamental science, then proce

20、eding to applying science or technology, (8) and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most commonpattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have opened (9) up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solvea specific technical or economic problem. In su

21、m, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different way, and the (10) particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The digital revolution. as exemplified by the Internet andelectr

22、onic commerce, has shaken marketing practices in their core. (1) In a recent paper, Whartons Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Centerfor Advanced Studies in Management, and author Vijay Mahajan, (2) a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration ofthe University of Texas at Austin, ex

23、amines the impact of digital (3) marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose theirown prices, or buyers and sellers can haggle independent in auctions. (4) The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realties andnew rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines th

24、e new (5) discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet ishelping to drive changes. It is not just our computers which are being (6) reprogrammed; it is customers themselves, says Wind. These emergingc

25、yber consumers are like an alien race that have landed in the midst (7) of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationshipswith companies from that they purchase products and services. (8) Cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything-from theproducts and service

26、s they buy and the information they seek, the price (9) they are willing to pay. And with digital technology open new channels (10) for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding thanprevious consumers.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级词汇

27、-13答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Gestures arent the only area in which the unwary traveler canget tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere different business customs (1) and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should restrain them (2) in the Middle East. Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the politel

28、imit in offices and during social calls, counsel Travel Pak, a (3) free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. And if your host (4) keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If youve had your fill,give your empty cup a quick twist-a sort of wiggle-as you hand itback. That means No more,

29、 thank you. Middle East visitors also should be surprised if others barge (5) right into the office in the middle of your conversation with theperson you are seeing, notes Travel Pak. An old Arab customcalls for keeping an open office.The British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt into a vi

30、sitor, (6) even after all business has been transacted. The commercial calleris expected to be sensible to this point, know when to stop, and initiate (7) his or her own departure.In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings willleave early. They should be allowed to leave with effusive go

31、od- (8) byes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive insuch cases and disturbing to remain guests. (9) In the Arab world, the word no must be mentioned threetimes before it is accepted. On contrast, it is considered good business (10) manners to make many and long efforts to pick u

32、p the check.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：adhere后加to）解析：解析 adhere只作不及物动词，要与to连用，意为“坚持；遵守；黏附”：填空项1:_（正确答案：themthemselves）解析：解析 此处意为“在中东，爱喝咖啡的人要控制住自己”，由于主语和宾语指的是同一群人，故要用反身代词themselves。填空项1:_（正确答案：counselcounsels）解析：解析 counsel意为“忠告”，是句子的谓语，主语是“Travel Pak”，而且文章通篇用的都是一般现在时，故改为counsels。填空项1:_（正确答案：AndBut）解析：解析 根据

33、上下文，前文说到“在商务会面时最多喝三杯咖啡或茶是礼貌的行为”，此处说到“如果主人一直喝，你也要一直喝”，前后文有转折关系，故改为but。填空项1:_（正确答案：在should后加not）解析：解析 根据下文“阿拉伯礼仪提倡开放的办公室”，显然此处要表达“当你们在办公室里聊天时有人闯入，你也不要吃惊”，故要加上not。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉interrupt后的into）解析：解析 interrupt意为“打扰”，为及物动词，不需要介词，故去掉into。填空项1:_（正确答案：sensiblesensitive）解析：解析 根据上下文，此处要表达“商务来访者要对这一点(打扰别人谈话)十分

34、敏感，知道什么时候离开”，sensible意为“合理的，明智的”，而sensitive意为“敏感的”。填空项1:_（正确答案：withwithout）解析：解析 根据上下文，后文提到“在聚会上，日本人认为正式的告别可能会打扰到其他客人”故此处要表达“他们(日本人)允许不正式的告别就离开”，故改为without。填空项1:_（正确答案：remainremaining）解析：解析 此处要表达的是“留下来的客人”，现在分词remaining修饰guests。注意此处to为介词，意为“对”。填空项1:_（正确答案：OnIn）解析：解析 In contrast意为“相反”，为固定搭配。Normally

35、a student must attend a certain number of coursesin order to graduate, and each course which he attends and gives him a (1) credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universitiesthe total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasts for (2) one semester. A typical c

36、ourse consists of three classes per week for fifieenweeks; while attend a university, a student will probably attend four or (3) five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect totake four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spreadthe period of work for the

37、degree over a long period. It is also possible (4) for a student to move between one university and another during his degreecourse, though this is not in fact done for a regular practice. (5) For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which isrecorded, and the record is available

38、for the student to show to prospectiveemployers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, and (6) in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in studentaffairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arise much enthusiasm. (7) The efficient word of main

39、taining discipline is usually performed by students (8) who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought tohave broken the rules, for example, by cheating, have to appear before (9) a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operationof the system does involve a certa

40、in number of activity. A student (10) who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected andit will be of benefit to him later in his career.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉attends后的and）解析：解析 此处如果有and，那么就证明gives和attends是并列关系，都是定语从句的谓语。可是这样一来，主句就缺少谓语动词了。根据上下文，此处的gives应该是主句的谓语动词，句意为“他上的每一门课程都会

41、让他获得一个学分”。填空项1:_（正确答案：lastslasting）解析：解析 如果此处使用lasts，则此句在没有连词的情况下出现了两个谓语动词；显然，此处应当使用lasting，现在分词短语作定语修饰前面的courses。填空项1:_（正确答案：第一个attendattending）解析：解析 此从句没有主语，连词为while，可以视为状语从句省略句。当状语从句的主语和主句相同时，如果状语从句中是主动语态则要把谓语动词变为现在分词。本句未省略前应该是while he attend，省略了主语后变成while attending。填空项1:_（正确答案：longlonger）解析：解析 上

42、句提到一般情况下一个学生要上四年共八个学期。此句说“但是也可能会上_的时间”。很显然是和前一句在进行比较，所以应该用longer而不是long。填空项1:_（正确答案：foras）解析：解析 此处意为“作为常规”，所以使用介词as。填空项1:_（正确答案：第二个andbut）解析：解析 此句的前半个分句说所有的这些都增加了工作压力，后半个分句说尽管如此，还是有些学生有时间参加社团活动。显然，两个分句间是转折关系，所以用but。填空项1:_（正确答案：arisearouse）解析：解析 arise是不及物动词，意为“出现”，如problems arise，phenomena arise，而aro

43、use才是及物动词，意为“唤醒，激起”。填空项1:_（正确答案：efficienteffective）解析：解析 efficient意为“效率高的”，一般用来指人，如an efficient secretary；而effective意为“产生效果的”，一般用来指物或事，如an effective medicine。填空项1:_（正确答案：第二个havehas）解析：解析 此句的主语为any student，是单数，主语和谓语动词被定语从句和插入语分隔开了；此句时态为一般现在时，所以谓语动词应该用have的单数第三人称形式。填空项1:_（正确答案：activityactivities）解析：解析 a number of意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，故后面应该用activities。Whenever you see the old film, even one made as early (1) as ten years ago, you cant help be stuck by the appearance (2) of the woman taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated;t