专业英语八级翻译分类真题英译汉(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级翻译分类真题英译汉(二)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHIN(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very

2、scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between

3、them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really

4、seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.（分数：20.00）_2.When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tinya butterflyand drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines repla

5、ced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge. Nepal is a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles off the left window. Out the right window, the view is of th

6、ree or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond. There were few roads visible below, most of the transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for

7、me, as I didnt have time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was on a flight to the local airport.（分数：20.00）_3.In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a boomerang effect; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek

8、 to reduce in the first place. The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. UBut su

9、ch policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会、酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of th

10、eir fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour or their drinking./U UThe boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply o

11、f street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace/U. boomerang:

12、 a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖（分数：20.00）_4.The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the worlds nation-states. Two-thirds of its members are developing countries, which account for abo

13、ut three-quarters of the worlds population. Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lo

14、west common denominations. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to function at the highest level. The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance. The Council has only 15 membe

15、rs so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotent due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter.（分数：20.00）_5.The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about int

16、ent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers whilst distance may denote formality or a lack of interest. Proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture-bound so that what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily clos

17、e or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of space in others, such as meeting with a superior. Posture can convey meaning too. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful in

18、dication of mood. A lowered head when speaking to s superior (with or without eye contact) can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures.（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译分类真题英译汉(二)答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHIN(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.I thought that it was a Sunda

19、y morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the sa

20、me mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green church

21、yard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 我所想的，是一个五月里的星期日早晨，那天是复活节，一大清早的。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在那个

22、位置，确实能把屋前的美景尽收眼里。然而，和往常一样，梦幻的力量却使感觉超乎寻常，使一切更显肃穆。群山还是那同样的群山，山谷还是那群山脚下的山谷，但那群山却显得更加高耸，压倒阿尔卑斯，山峰之间的距离也大为空旷，密草林坪交错，树篱之上，浓密的白色玫瑰花儿静静张望，远近之间，不见任何活物，唯有那苍翠的教堂庭院之内，有一群牛静息于墓地之上，尤其是，那么多牛都躺息在那孩子的坟墓周围，那个我曾经疼爱过的孩子，情景就和当年那个旭日待出的夏日清晨一模一样。就在那个夏天，那孩子悄然死去了。 意译 想起来了，那是五月的一个清晨。那一天是星期天，是复活节，天才刚蒙蒙亮。恍恍惚惚地，我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前

23、，展现出了一幅美丽的景色。就在那个位置，把一切尽收眼中。那梦幻的力量，使一切显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆。梦里的感觉经常就这样。丛山幽谷依旧，但群山却挺然参天，压过阿尔卑斯；山间空旷，丰草如茵；林地开阔，错落其间；白色的玫瑰在树篱上娟娟弥望；远近不见任何活物，唯独苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺着歇息。那是一片墓地，郁郁葱葱。好几头牛围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。对那孩子，我曾满腔柔情。可就在旭日东升前的一刻，孩子却死去了。)解析：解析 首先，这是一篇典型的西方文人写的散文，酷似西洋工笔画，描写仔细入微，意境深藏不露。该文用词谨慎，读起来使人既有一种明快感和清晰感，也有一种深沉感。对于这类文章的翻译，既要抓

24、住它的深层意义，也要顾及它的表层细节。只有这样，在细节之间发生冲突的时候，才能做出恰当的取舍。这段文字描写的是作者对“死寂”的恐惧和对生命活动的向往。 第一句话中的“Easter Sunday”是“复活节”。因为这个基督教节日发生在“星期天”而得此名，但汉语中通常不说“复活节星期日”。这句话中的“as yet”意为“还”、“尚”，但在汉语译文中很难表达，可以考虑不译。 第三句话的难点是对“command”和“that situation”具体意思的确定。前者译为“尽收眼中”，后者译为“就在复活节的早晨”。其中的“but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized

25、 by the power of dreams”也比较棘手。关键是要辨清这是被动语态，把“was”放在那个位置，来了一个双肩挑，结果省略了一个“was”。 第四句话的难点是对“living creature”具体意义的确定以及长句的安排。“living creature”是一个与基督教紧密联系的词汇，这里，该词指的是有血有肉的“活物”或“动物”。千万不可轻易译作“生物”。有时，“living creature”也指“生灵”，甚至专指“人”或“天使”。这句话中的另一个难点是“reposing”，该词是一个使用频率很低的正式词汇。只好根据该选段的主旨来猜测，只要把握住其中的核心意境死寂，就容易猜出

26、该词的核心义素：静息。2.When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tinya butterflyand drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge. Nepal is a s

27、mall country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles off the left window. Out the right window, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India be

28、yond. There were few roads visible below, most of the transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for me, as I didnt have time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination.

29、 I was on a flight to the local airport.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 在尼泊尔上空飞行，你的想象力很容易开始翱翔，仿佛你很渺小就像一只小蝴蝶一飞在一幅三维的建筑地形图上，那些环绕着每个高脊的梯田就像图中环形的等高线。 尼泊尔是一个小国。我们的飞机在12,000英尺的高空向东平稳飞行，透过左侧的窗户，可以清楚看见下方30英里处雄伟的喜马拉雅山呈现出的白色蜃景。 转向右侧的窗口，看到的是三四座高高的布有梯田的山脊，很快它们就被印度境内的广阔平原所代替了。 飞机下方只能看见极少的几条路。在尼泊尔，最主要的出行方式是沿着古老的小路步行，这些小路联系着全

30、国各地。除此以外，这个国家还有一个空中网络，虽然机场尘土飞扬，但对我来说，也算是幸运，因为我没时间进行两个半星期的徒步旅行到达目的地。我当时是在去当地机场的航班上。 意译 乘飞机翱翔在尼泊尔的上空，思绪也禁不住随之飞扬翱翔，想象自己变得很小很小变成一只蝴蝶，翩然飞舞在一幅三维的建筑地形图上，图上的环状等高线这时被长满稻谷的梯田所代替，梯田环绕着每个高耸的山脊。 尼泊尔是个小国，飞机在12,000英尺的高空向东飞行。左窗外30英里处就是洁白高耸的喜马拉雅山，雄伟壮丽的景色尽收眼底。 飞机的右窗外，是三四道高耸的梯状山脊，之后骤然在远处出现了印度境内的广阔平原。 从空中鸟瞰，几乎看不清公路。尼泊尔

31、人出行主要依靠步行，山间古道将整个国家联结在一起。除此以外，尼泊尔也有一个土筑的航空跑道系统，但对我而言，这是弥足珍贵的，因为我没有时间跋涉两周半抵达终点。此时，我正乘飞机前往当地机场。)解析：解析 three-dimensional topographical maps：三维地形图。 circling contour lines：contour表示“外形，轮廓；(地图上的)等高线”。circling contour lines可以译为：“环形等高线”，或者“一圈圈的等高线”。 terraced rice paddies：terrace此处表示“梯田”，这个部分可以采用词性转换的翻译技巧，译为

32、“长满稻谷的梯田”，使译文更加流畅、自然。无论是英译汉，或是汉译英，词性转换是非常普遍的现象，考生应该多加练习。 floating eastward at 12,000 feet：float表示“在空气中飘荡、漂浮”，此处指飞机在空中飞行，eastward表示“向东”，故译为“飞机在12,000英尺的高空向东飞行”。 mirage：本意为“海市蜃楼”，如果处理为“轮廓、景象、雄姿”都是可以接受的；也可以联系上下文进行模糊化处理，将整个短语译为“雄伟壮丽、洁白高耸的喜马拉雅山”。 thirty miles off the left：window：off表示“离；距”，即离开飞机的左窗30英里，这

33、个短语译为“(飞机)左窗外30英里处”。 ancient trails：古老小径。 airstrips：简便机场，临时跑道。 trek：译为“徒步跋涉、艰难跋涉、徒步旅行”均可。3.In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a boomerang effect; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place. The boo

34、merang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. UBut such policies seem instead to have creat

35、ed the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会、酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments,

36、where they no longer control their behaviour or their drinking./U UThe boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned a

37、nd contraband (违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace/U. boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can

38、be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 有些时候，聪明的人在执行明智的政策时却造成了“飞反效应”；事实上，造成了更多他们原本想要减少的现象的产生。 近年来，好心的人常常引发“飞反效应”。全国范围内，州立法近来又把饮酒合法年龄提高到21岁以上，以期减少年轻人中间由暴力而引发死亡的事件。U与人们的预期相反，上述政策引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧喝得酩酊大醉，但他们处在保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在，大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗

39、酒，对自己饮酒的数量或行为都不再控制。/U U政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来，联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品交易。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨，那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是，那些廉价的替代品带来的危害甚至比所替代的毒品更大。/U 意译 有时，表面聪慧之人在实施有远见卓识的政策时得到的结果却往往适得其反；事实上，反而产生了更多原本想要减少的现象。 近年来，好心的人参与的事情常常不按照人们预想的方向发展。近来，全国范围内各州立法又把饮酒合法年龄提高到21岁以上，以减少年轻人由暴力而引发死亡的事件。U然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园

40、暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉，处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们更是为了保住自己卖酒的许可证，绝不会允许过激行为的发生)。现在，大学生们躲到联谊会会所和公寓中酗酒，对自己的饮酒行为完全放任自流。/U U政府对打击非法毒品采取的措施也适得其反。近年来，联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品的买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，这导致了毒品价格暴涨，以至于便宜的替代品因而有了市场竞争力。糟糕的是，廉价替换品所带来的危害甚至比它们替代的毒品更大。/U)解析：解析 instead：副词，表示“代替，顶替”。结合上下文，这里表示与原来的意图背道而驰，可以采用“意译”的方法。 under

41、 the.supervision of：在的监控之下。watchful表示“警惕的，提防的；留心的”。 liquor license：售酒许可证。比如，drivers license表示“驾驶执照”；parking license表示“停车许可证”。 fraternity houses：fraternity是(美国男学生的)联谊会，兄弟会，fraternity house指“联谊会会堂”。 boomerang effect：“飞反效应”，指产生与原目标相反的效果，大意就是把它扔了出去，它却又飞了回来，在经济、广告等行业有很多例子。这句需要灵活处理，考虑到译文潜在读者对“飞反效应”本身很难产生共

42、鸣，故采用明晰化或显化策略，使译文通顺、流畅。 confiscate：假使考生没见过这个单词也无大碍，因为原文中contraband的意思已经提供，即违禁品，所以，将上下文联系起来，再进行推理，可以得出confiscate是“充公，没收”的意思。4.The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the worlds nation-states. Two-thirds of its members are developing co

43、untries, which account for about three-quarters of the worlds population. Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached onl

44、y by reducing them to their lowest common denominations. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to function at the highest level. The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance.

45、 The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotent due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有国家，其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家，占世界总人口的四分之三。 通过决议非常困难，尤其是按照惯例所有的决议必须达成一

46、致才能通过。结果就是，重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持，并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的问题是世界上主要国，是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。 联合国安理会负责和平和安全，处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国宪章赋予的权利。 意译 联合国代表大会是政治论坛的中心，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有主权国家，其中三分之二为发展中国家，占世界总人口的四分之三。 按照惯例所有的决议必须获得一致同意，才能通过。因此，通过决议变得非常困难。导致的结果是，一些国家总是只考虑自身利益，许多重要的决议迟迟得不到通过。大部分达成的决议达成的前提是使本国利益最大化。但问题的实质是世界上的这些大国是否真心愿意看到其他国家最大限度地实现民主。 联合国安全理事会负有维持国际和平与安全的责任，负责处理最重要的政治问题。安理会仅有15个理事国，能够经常开会，以应对危机。它曾一度由于冷战期间美国和苏联军备竞赛而停摆，但已经重获大部分联合国宪章赋予的权利。)解析：解析 including virtu