专业八级-587及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-587 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：15.00)In the United States, charter schools provide alternatives to “ 1 “public schools. Unlike most public schools, charters don“t usually have an enrollment boundary and can recruit students from

2、 a larger geographic area. . Features of charter schools 1) admission process no 2 a random method like a 3 2) many different shapes to cater to 4 to offer a thematic or specialized curriculum to provide an alternative to regular public school 3) location more likely to be found in 5 areas 4) 6 run

3、by large and small companies, parents, teachers, community groups and nonprofit organizations 5) size most charter schools are new and 7 6) academic results Charter schools don“t necessarily produce better academic results than regular public schools. . Funding of charter schools 1) mostly from the

4、state, generally based on their 8 2) also from grants and additional donations for ambitious programs not fully funded by state/district formulas 3) also a limited amount of 9 to help start new charter schools 4) Funding for facilities can be a 10 for charter schools. . 11 of charter schools 1) auth

5、orizers 12 that grant schools their charter, and monitor their performance including charter boards, school boards and 13 2) key reasons for schools“ close They can“t recruit enough students. They can“t find a 14 to operate. They can“t manage their 15 （分数：15.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

6、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Now, listen to the FIRST interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the FIRST interview. （分数：5.00）A.Original.B.Remake.C.Adaptation.D.Copy.A.Modem.B.Unsympathetic.C.Funny.D.Great.A.Guy is a good acto

7、r.B.Guy is a good husband.C.Guy is good at catching.D.Guy is good at casting.A.A Grammy.B.Power.C.Money.D.Tasty food.A.She likes to repeat herself.B.She is trying to be ahead of people.C.She works on things that interest her.D.She likes to take the same road to walk.Now, listen to the SECOND intervi

8、ew. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the SECOND interview. （分数：5.00）A.Because it was Coach Smith“s decision.B.Because it was his parents“ decision.C.Because he wanted to join NBA.D.Because Jordan relied on his own knowledge.A.Houston Rockets.B.Philly Murray.C.Portland Trail Blazers.D.Phoenix Suns.A.Jo

9、rdan would join Houston.B.Jordan would join Portland.C.Jordan would join Chicago.D.Jordan would join Atlanta.A.In the summer of 1894.B.In the summer of 1984.C.In the winter of 1984.D.In the winter of 1894.A.About ten years ago.B.About five years ago.C.About eight years ago.D.About six years ago.四、PA

10、RT READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、SECTION A MULTIPLE-C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、PASSAGE ONE(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universa

11、l. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial exp

12、ressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotio

13、ns manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European

14、college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they wer

15、e the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed

16、on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. Th

17、e facial- feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback“) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person“s fac

18、ial expression can influence that person“s emotional state. Consider Darwin“s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.“ Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will,

19、for example, and frowning to anger? Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people o

20、r situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction o

21、f facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The cont

22、raction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crow“s feet“ wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly towar

23、d the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings. Ekman“s observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip“ as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff“ lip suppresses emotional responseas long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when

24、 the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.（分数：4.00）(1).Which of the following statements would Darwin NOT agree with?（分数：1.00）A.Facial expressions can only reflect emotional states.B.Facial expre

25、ssions may help people survive.C.Baring the teeth means the same to people all over the world.D.Human emotions that were not expressed would become less intensive.(2).According to Paragraph 2, the Fore people _.（分数：1.00）A.knew little about Western cultureB.showed distinctive facial expressionsC.were

26、 famous for their solitudeD.had never been taken photographs of before(3).According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, _.（分数：1.00）A.there is no link between emotions and facial expressionsB.people“s facial expressions can only reflect their emotional statesC.people“s emotional states cannot be influ

27、enced by their facial expressionsD.the causal link between emotions and facial expressions is bidirectional(4).Ekman has found that _.（分数：1.00）A.people might have different expressions for the same emotionB.pleasant feelings often stimulate Duchenne smileC.“crow“s feet“ wrinkles often accompanied th

28、e Duchenne smileD.keeping a stiff upper lip was useful for handling stress七、PASSAGE TWO(总题数：1，分数：3.00)As much as murder is a staple in mystery stories, so is love. Love may be a four-letter word, or the greatest of the trio of faith, hope, and love. It may appear in a mystery as the driving force be

29、hind the plot and the characters. Or it may appear as an aside in a sub-plot, a light spot in a heavy story. But it“s there. Even Valentine knew love was worth dying for. An emotion this strong gets a lot of attention. Love has its own special day, St. Valentine“s Day. According to the legend, the R

30、oman emperor Claudius II needed soldiers to fight for him in the far reaches of the Roman Empire. He thought married men would rather stay home than go to war for a couple of years, so he outlawed marriage and engagements. This did not stop people from falling in love. Valentine, a priest, secretly

31、married many young couples. For this crime, he was arrested and executed on February 14. St. Valentine“s Day was off to a rocky start. Love, secrecy, crime and death, love prevailed, and the day lost its seamy side. Valentine“s Day became a day to exchange expressions of love. Small children give ea

32、ch other paper hearts. Adults exchange flowers and chocolates. Everyone has an attack of the warm fuzzies. Valentine“s Day was popular in Europe in the early 1800s as a day men brought gifts to the women they loved. Gradually the expectations grew higher, the gifts got bigger, and eventually the hol

33、iday collapsed under the weight of the bills. It was revived when the custom of exchanging love letters and love cards replaced the mandatory gifts. A young man“s love was measured in how much time he spent making a card with paper, lace, feathers, beads, and fabric. If the young man wasn“t good wit

34、h scissors and glue, the job could be hired out to an artist who made house calls. Valentine“s Day grew more popular when machine-made cards became available, and people didn“t have to make their own. In England in 1840, the nation-wide Penny Post made it cheap for everyone to send Valentine cards.

35、In the United States, national cheap postal rates were set in 1845, and valentines filled the mail. “Roses are red, violets are blue“ was a popular verse on Valentine cards. Other holidays are associated with particular flowersthe Christmas poinsettia, the Easter lilybut Valentine“s Day has no speci

36、fic flower. Instead, it has colorsred, pink, and white. Red symbolizes warmth and feeling. White stands for purity. According to one romantic flower code, messages can be spelled out with flowers. Gardenias say “I love you secretly“. Violets say “I return your love“. Roses say “I love you passionate

37、ly“. Not surprisingly, the rose is now the top-seeded flower of love. But love mostly goes wrong in mystery stories. Very badly wrong. Somebody done somebody wrong. Husbands, wives, and lovers kill each other. Or kill for each other. Stack the characters up in any kind of love triangle, and watch ho

38、w the angles are knocked off. Love is unrequited, thwarted and scorned. Murders are motivated by real or imaginary love, or the lack of it. That famous novelist Ernest Hemingway said, “If two people love each other there can be no happy end to it“. So it goes in the mystery. Justice may win, but lov

39、e is often the loser. In addition to plots driven by love, or the lack of it, there are sleuths who encounter love in the solving of the crime. The handsome or beautiful detective meets the suspect or the client. Their affair grows around, and in spite of, the murder. Think of the movies Casablanca

40、and Chinatown. Barbara D“Amato offers a different twist on this theme in “Hard Feelings“. The amateur sleuth meets a suspect or investigating officer and love smolders around the crime. Rose DeShaw“s “Love with the Proper Killer“ is such a story. In a series of novels, if the continuing character is

41、 living a full life, love enters the storyline somewhere. Dorothy L. Sayers“ sleuth Lord Peter Wimsey fell in love with Harriet Vane while he sleuthed his way through a few books. Sherlock Holmes remained aloof, but Dr. Watson fell in love and married between impossible crimes. There were no such te

42、mptations for Hercule Poirot or Jane Marple, but Agatha Christie created Tuppence and Tommy Beresford as a detecting couple. Real crimes are sometimes motivated by love, and are written about in true crime books. E.W. Count describes one such case in “Love is a Risk.“ “Married to a Murderer,“ by Ala

43、n Russell, follows the crime one step further. Feeling an attack of the warm fuzzies? Do something sweet for someone you love. Then do something sweet for yourself. Settle back with soft music and savor the online mysteries of love and romance in the Valentine and Romance Mysteries sections of this

44、site.（分数：3.00）(1).The word “staple“ in Paragraph 1 means _.（分数：1.00）A.necessary elementB.romantic thingC.unacceptable patternD.horrific thing(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true about St. Valentine“s Day?（分数：1.00）A.It originated from a legend.B.It was named after a priest.C.It was first

45、 to commemorate death of one“s beloved.D.It used to have a seamy side.(3).The passage may be _.（分数：1.00）A.a foreword to a website columnB.an advertisement for a series of booksC.a discussion of the origin of St. Valentine“s DayD.a review of some mysteries八、PASSAGE THREE(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Jan Hendrik Sch

46、on“s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papersone every 16 days, which astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in

47、 two separate paperswhich also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Naturethe jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. If it sounds a lot

48、like the fall of Hwang Woo Sukthe South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidence about cloning human cellsit is. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of arrogance and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wonder how such malfeasance can be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top j