专业八级-490及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-490 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How to Present a Seminar PaperTo involve their students more actively in the learning process, many university teachers usually conduct seminars, in which one student is asked to give his ideas on a cer

2、tain topic and other students discuss the ideas.There are two stages involved in presenting a paper at a seminar. One is the (1)_stage which includes researching and writing up a topic. (1) _The other stage is the presentation stage when you actually present the paper to the audience.Two ways in whi

3、ch you can present your paper: a. (2) _copies (2) _ of your paper beforehand to all the participants so that they could read it before the seminar and know about your ideas, b. Reading it aloud to the (3) _who are likely to make their own notes. Comparatively (3) _ speaking, the first method is the

4、more (4) _way of conducting a (4) _ seminar. However, you will have to introduce your paper at a seminar because the participants may have forgotten about your ideas or because they may have no time to read your paper.Nine points you have to follow when introducing your paper:1) Decide on a time (5)

5、 _for your talk and stick to it. (5) _2) Write out your spoken presentation in the way you are going to speak.3) Stick to the major points and(6) _details. (6) _4) Do your best to make your presentation interesting, but do not tell jokes and (7) _. (7) _5) Write out and (8) _what you intend to say u

6、ntil you would (8) _ not make any error.6) Make (9) _notes se that you can find your way easily from it (9) _ to the full notes when you forget something.7) Speak from the outline notes at the seminar.8) Make eye contact with your audience and judge their (10) _. (10) _9) Repeat your main points bri

7、efly and invite questions or comments in order to make a strong ending.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the

8、following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the officer, a student from other countries have to _before he can use the National Health Service in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.register with a universityB.pay the full cost in advanceC.study in Britain at least 6 monthsD.be reg

9、istered on at least 6 courses(2).If one is entitled to treatment from the National Health Service, he is advised to _ first of all?（分数：1.00）A.register a course of half a year.B.register at any hospital.C.register with a doctor.D.register with the local city council:(3).Which of the following is true

10、 of the patient who has registered for the National Health Service according to the officer?（分数：1.00）A.He will have to pay the cost of medicines.B.He will have to pay for the consultations with doctors.C.He will have to pay the full cost of all their treatments.D.He will have to consult with a docto

11、rs receptionist before treatment.(4).The following is free EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.dental treatmentB.casualty treatmentC.emergency treatmentD.all the treatment at a public hospital(5).If one wants to see a doctor in UK, he has to do the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.calling out a doctor to see himB.find

12、ing out a doctors consulting hoursC.finding out whether he needs to make an appointment with the doctorD.contacting a doctor to find out whether he would accept him四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to

13、 answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).Who attacked police bases, volunteer defense posts and local government offices?（分数：1.00）A.Security forces.B.Some officials.C.Militants.D.The farmers.(2).Where did the clash take place?（分数：1.00）A.In the southern provinces.B.In the northern ci

14、ties.C.In the west.D.In the east.(3).How many militants were killed in Wednesdays attacks?（分数：1.00）A.10.B.20.C.At least 40.D.At least 60.Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.0

15、0）(1).What is President Bushs attitude towards the humiliating treatment of Iraqi prisoners by American soldiers?（分数：1.00）A.Ambiguous.B.Negative.C.Apologetic.D.Supportiv(2).Which of the following has resulted from the Arabian peoples anger over the abuse?（分数：1.00）A.Six American soldiers were charged

16、.B.Some American soldiers were attacked.C.An advisor to President Bush was reprimanded.D.President Bush was asked to make an apology.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in re

17、cent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not p

18、articularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofens 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.Starting from the premise that mythology and legend pr

19、eserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs-societies in which descent and property rights

20、 are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian“ of the fifth century B. C, who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not

21、 allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were mean

22、t not so much to represent observed historical fact-real Amazonian societies-but rather to offer “moral lessons“ on the supposed outcome of womens rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek her

23、oes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices.Thus, I would argue the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed

24、by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in

25、 his reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistake

26、n we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.（分数：5.00）(1).All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.in completenessB.restricted ac

27、cessibilityC.difficulty of interpretationD.limited quantity(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the myths recorded by the ancient Greeks?（分数：1.00）A.They may have included portrayals of women holding positions of power.B.They may have contained elaborate explanations of i

28、nheritance customs.C.They comprise almost all of the material available to historians about ancient Greece.D.They may have contained explanations of inheritance customs and comprised all of the material available to historians about ancient Greece,(3).Which of the following is presented in the passa

29、ges as evidence supporting the authors view of the ancient Greeks descriptions of the Amazons?（分数：1.00）A.The requirement that Sauromatae women kill in battle before marrying.B.The failure of historians to verify that women were ever governors of ancient societies.C.The classing of Amazons as giants

30、and centaurs.D.The well-established unreliability of Herodotus as a source of information about ancient societies.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as _.（分数：1.00）A.co

31、nfused and dismayedB.wary and hostileC.cynical and disinterestedD.curious but fearful(5).The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that _.（分数：1.00）A.feminists have shown little interest in ancient societiesB.Bachofens knowledge of Amazonian culture is

32、 unparalleledC.reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquireD.ancient societies show the best evidence of women in positions of power七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of t

33、he Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans

34、 misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to

35、be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man“. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nom

36、adism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry One another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery. It wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Ro

37、mania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been fo

38、rcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest minority. T

39、he exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated t

40、o the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan“ said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand. /（分数：4.00）(1).Gypsies a

41、re united only when they_.（分数：1.00）A.are engaged in traditional craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats(2).In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the

42、Nazis ,(3).According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of _.（分数：1.00）A.languageB.cultureC.identityD.custom(4).The reason for the undercounting of Gypsies lies in the fact that _.（分数：1.00）A.they themselves refuse to be countedB.those who contr

43、ol a country are eager to despise their image, seeking to avoid bureaucraciesC.those who control a country refuse to count them since they are uglyD.both A and B八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)In a country which must certainly have been a long way away from where we Rumanians live, all the young people decid

44、ed to kill all the old people. Its an old, old story. What was the use of their going on living with white beards and all? They had lived their life, theyd had their time and that was that. Anyone who reached the age of fifty or a bit overhe was to be done away with.Lots of wise old men were killed

45、and lots of wisdom passed away with them.Only one kind-hearted young man, so they say, took pity on his father; after all, he owed his life to him in the first place. So he hid him away in a cellar and took care of him.Time passed and a terrible drought came. Meadows and plough lands shriveled and w

46、ithered and all the springs dried up. There was terrible famine, and sickness and all kinds of troubles came upon the young people thick and fast, and their hair began to go white before its time.They would have put up with everything as best they could, but more and worse troubles followed. The sno

47、w melted and spring was upon them without their having a single grain of seed to put in the ground.They scraped the floors of all the barns that used to be stacked so high they could hardly hold all the grain. All the kings councilors held long talks with the king but there was nothing they could do

48、 to get themselves out of their terrible trouble. From bishop to farm worker the whole people were overcome with horror and fear at the thought that spring had come and there was nothing to sow their fields with.The old man hidden in the cellar could see that his son was going about looking miserable all the. time. One day he asked him: “Whats making you look so thoughtful, my boy? Has anyone done you any harm? Are you in trouble? Tell your father all about it. He may be able to help you, even if its only with words.“The son told him all the t