专业八级-308及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-308 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Gypsies, nomads arriving in Europe in the 1400s, endured expulsions, forcible removal of children, servitude in galleys or mines, death sentences as being Gypsy, and absolute slavery in the 1 Balkans from 16th century onward. Perse

2、cution stemmed from the 2 highest authorities in State and Church. Followed the murder of 3 200,000 to 500,000 gypsies in the Holocaust, persecution persists, especially in Central and Eastern Europe that Gypsies form up to 4 10% of population (Bulgaria, Slovakia, Romania). Discriminating 5 against

3、under communism, their plight has dramatically worsened since 1990s. Thus, they have survived to become Europe“s largest minority. 6 Moreover, they have succeeded to preserving their culture and their 7 way of life in the face of genocide, political persecution and poverty. In other cases, where min

4、orities have survived similar persecutionslike Jews during World War , or blacks in South Africaits cause has received international support. By contrast, 8 the gypsies“ success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement at all. Instead of, it is viewed as proof they are both 9 un

5、willing and unable to change, and therefore irredeemable. Indeed, recently the president of Slovak Republic praised their way 10 of life and said steps should be taken to limit the extension of this socially unacceptable and mentally backwards population.（分数：25.00）The House is expected to pass a pie

6、ce of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries. The Employee Free Choice Act would allow the union to 11 be recognized after collecting a majority of vote

7、cards, instead 12 waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, that can occur more than 50 days after 13 the card vote completed. 14 Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. They oppose the shift away from secret ballots said the change coul

8、d 15 threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn“t about preventing increased unionization, it“s about protecting rights,“ said the National Association of Manufacturer“s Jason Straczewski, of his organization“s opposition against bill. Straczewski says eliminating 16 the secret-ballot step would

9、 open up to employees to coercion from 17 unions. Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals, because 18 managers talking to workers aren“t,“ Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acting on by the

10、19 National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby; the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “On the ground, the difference between

11、having this legislation or not would be the difference between night and day,“ 20 said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.（分数：25.00）For the longest time, I couldn“t get worked up about privacy: my right to it; how it

12、“s dying; how we“re headed for an even more wired, under-regulated, over-intrusive, privacy-deprived age. I should also point out that as news director and a guy who 21 makes his life on the Web, I know better than most people that we“re 22 hurtling toward an even more intrusive world. We“re all bei

13、ng watched by computers when we visit Websites; by the mere act of 23 “browsing“, we“re going to public in a way that was unimaginable a 24 decade ago. I know this because I“m a watcher, either. When 25 people come to my Website, without ever knowing their names, I can peer over their shoulders, rec

14、ording what they look at, timing how long they stay on a particular page, followed them around the 26 sprawling Webpages. None of this would bother me in least, I suspect, if a few 27 years ago, my phone, like Marley“s ghost, hadn“t given me a glimpse of the nightmares to come. In Thanksgiving weeke

15、nd in 28 1995, someone forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of- state answering machine, which unsuspecting callers trying to reach 29 me heard a male voice identify himself as me and say some extreme 30 rude things. Then, with typical hacker aplomb, the prankster asked people to leave their

16、 messages. This went on for several days until my wife and I figured out that something was wrong and got our phone service restored.（分数：25.00）Hello, my name is Richard and I am an ego surfer. The habit began about five years ago, and now I need help. Like most journalists, I can“t deny that one of

17、my private joys are seeing my 31 byline in print. Now the internet is allowing me to feed this vanity to ever greater extent, and the occasional sneaky web search has grown 32 into a full-blown obsession for how high up Google“s ranking my 33 articles appear where I put my name into the search box.

18、When I 34 lastly looked, my best effort was a rather humiliating 47th place. 35 You know you have a problem how you find yourself competing for 36 ranking with a retired basketball player from the 1970s. Not that I“m lonely for suffering from a dysfunctional techno- 37 habit. New technologies have r

19、evealed a whole raft of hitherto unsuspected personality problems: think crackberry, power- pointlessness or cheesepodding. Most of us are familiar in sending 38 an e-mail to a colleague sitting a couple of feet away instead talking 39 to them. Some go onto the web to snoop on old friends, colleague

20、s or even the first dates. More of us than ever reveal highly personal 40 information on blogs or My Space entries. A few will even use internet anonymity to fool others into believing they are someone else altogether. So are these web syndromes and technological tics new versions of old afflictions

21、, or are we developing fresh mind bugs?（分数：25.00）专业八级-308 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Gypsies, nomads arriving in Europe in the 1400s, endured expulsions, forcible removal of children, servitude in galleys or mines, death sentences as being Gypsy, and absolute slavery

22、in the 1 Balkans from 16th century onward. Persecution stemmed from the 2 highest authorities in State and Church. Followed the murder of 3 200,000 to 500,000 gypsies in the Holocaust, persecution persists, especially in Central and Eastern Europe that Gypsies form up to 4 10% of population (Bulgari

23、a, Slovakia, Romania). Discriminating 5 against under communism, their plight has dramatically worsened since 1990s. Thus, they have survived to become Europe“s largest minority. 6 Moreover, they have succeeded to preserving their culture and their 7 way of life in the face of genocide, political pe

24、rsecution and poverty. In other cases, where minorities have survived similar persecutionslike Jews during World War , or blacks in South Africaits cause has received international support. By contrast, 8 the gypsies“ success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement at all. Inst

25、ead of, it is viewed as proof they are both 9 unwilling and unable to change, and therefore irredeemable. Indeed, recently the president of Slovak Republic praised their way 10 of life and said steps should be taken to limit the extension of this socially unacceptable and mentally backwards populati

26、on.（分数：25.00）解析：asfor解析 介词误用。这里说“吉普赛人这个游牧民族经受过驱逐、强行清除、服苦役和被判死刑，就因为他们是吉普赛人”。as 后接从句，而 for后面可接动名词，所以将 as改为 for。解析：16ththe解析 冠词缺失。表示 16世纪应该使用 the 16th century，冠词 the不能省略。解析：FollowedFollowing解析 非谓语动词误用。本句说“在 20万到 50万吉普赛人被大屠杀之后，迫害还在进行”。因此 follow应该使用现在分词形式，作伴随状语。解析：thatwhere解析 定语从句中的关系副词错误。定语从句的先行词 Centra

27、l and Eastern Europe是地点，且在句中作状语，应该使用关系副词 where来引导从句。解析：DiscriminatingDiscriminated解析 非谓语动词误用。本句说吉普赛人被歧视，因此discriminate与吉普赛人是动宾关系，应该使用过去分词。解析：ThusYet/However解析 衔接副词误用。上一段讲述吉普赛人的悲惨遭遇，本句说吉普赛人幸存下来，并且变成欧洲最大的少数民族，可见上下文是转折关系，不是因果关系。解析：toin解析 介词误用。succeed 是不及物动词，如果接宾语的话需要加介词 in，后面接名词或者动名词，表示“在方面获得成功”。解析：its

28、their解析 代词误用。此处代词指代上文的 minorities，是复数，因此不能使用 its，而改为 their。解析：of of 解析 介词冗余。此处 instead作副词，表示“反而，却”，无需加介词 of，instead of后面必须接名词或动名词作其宾语。解析：praisedattacked/criticized解析 语义错误。斯洛伐克的总统说应该采取措施限制这些不被社会所接受且智力发展迟缓的吉普赛人的扩张。由此可见他是批评或者是攻击吉普赛人的生活方式，而不是夸奖他们，因此改为 attacked或者 criticized比较合适。The House is expected to p

29、ass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries. The Employee Free Choice Act would allow the union to 11 be recognized after collecting a majority

30、 of vote cards, instead 12 waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, that can occur more than 50 days after 13 the card vote completed. 14 Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. They oppose the shift away from secret ballots said the ch

31、ange could 15 threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn“t about preventing increased unionization, it“s about protecting rights,“ said the National Association of Manufacturer“s Jason Straczewski, of his organization“s opposition against bill. Straczewski says eliminating 16 the secret-ballot s

32、tep would open up to employees to coercion from 17 unions. Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals, because 18 managers talking to workers aren“t,“ Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acting o

33、n by the 19 National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby; the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “On the ground, the difference

34、 between having this legislation or not would be the difference between night and day,“ 20 said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.（分数：25.00）解析：thea解析 冠词误用。此处的 union不是特指，而是泛指，因此应该使用不定冠词 a。解析：insteadof解析 介词缺失。instead

35、of 是固定搭配，后面加名词或者动名词，instead 是副词，后面不能接宾语。此处有 waiting作宾语，应该使用 instead of。解析：thatwhich解析 关系代词错误。这是非限制性定语从句，不能使用引导词 that，应该使用which。解析：completedis解析 语态错误。此处是指投票被完成，complete 和主语 vote之间是动宾关系，因此应该使用被动语态。解析：saidsaying解析 非谓语动误用。本句的谓语动词是 oppose，因此 said就不能作谓语了，应该使用现在分词结构，表示伴随动作。解析：againstto解析 介词误用。opposition 是

36、oppose的名词形式，表示“反对”，需要加上介词to之后再接宾语，介词 against不和 opposition搭配，二者含义有重复。解析：第一个 to to 解析 介词冗余。此处的含义是“Straczewski 认为如果取消不记名投票这个步骤，会使员工受到工会的胁迫。”open up sb. to.表示“使某人受到”，up 后面的 to是多余的。解析：becausewhile解析 连词误用。此处前句说“工人和工人之间的会谈是平等的”，后句说“老板和工人之间的会谈则是不平等的”，可见二者是一种明显的对比关系，而不是因果关系，因此改为while。本行的疑似错误是 equals，此处 equal

37、s是名词，表示相同地位的人，所以是正确的。解析：actingacted解析 非谓语动词误用。本句的意思是“2005 年，由全国劳工关系委员会处理的雇主非法歧视员工的案例就多达 31358起”。此处 act on表示“立案调查”，与 cases是动宾关系，因此应该使用过去分词形式。解析：orand解析 连词误用。此处是 between.and.的搭配，不是 or not的搭配，并且根据后面的平行结构 between night and day也可以判断此处应该使用 and。For the longest time, I couldn“t get worked up about privacy:

38、my right to it; how it“s dying; how we“re headed for an even more wired, under-regulated, over-intrusive, privacy-deprived age. I should also point out that as news director and a guy who 21 makes his life on the Web, I know better than most people that we“re 22 hurtling toward an even more intrusiv

39、e world. We“re all being watched by computers when we visit Websites; by the mere act of 23 “browsing“, we“re going to public in a way that was unimaginable a 24 decade ago. I know this because I“m a watcher, either. When 25 people come to my Website, without ever knowing their names, I can peer ove

40、r their shoulders, recording what they look at, timing how long they stay on a particular page, followed them around the 26 sprawling Webpages. None of this would bother me in least, I suspect, if a few 27 years ago, my phone, like Marley“s ghost, hadn“t given me a glimpse of the nightmares to come.

41、 In Thanksgiving weekend in 28 1995, someone forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of- state answering machine, which unsuspecting callers trying to reach 29 me heard a male voice identify himself as me and say some extreme 30 rude things. Then, with typical hacker aplomb, the prankster asked

42、 people to leave their messages. This went on for several days until my wife and I figured out that something was wrong and got our phone service restored.（分数：25.00）解析：asa解析 冠词缺失。这里作者指出自己是新闻总监，但是没有具体说什么公司的总监，因此应该加上不定冠词 a。解析：lifeliving解析 固定搭配错误。make one“s living 是固定搭配，表示“谋生”，不能使用life。解析：whenwhenever解

43、析 连词误用。本句说“无论我们什么时候访问网站，我们总是被监视着”。这里强调无论你什么时候访问网站，用 whenever更为合适。when 引导时间状语，不具有“无论何时”的意思。解析：to to 解析 介词冗余。go public 是固定搭配，表示“公开化，把(秘密)公之于众”，go to public一般指“公司上市”。解析：eithertoo解析 副词误用。either 作“也”讲时是连词，用于否定式之后，不能放在句末。此处表示肯定意义的“也”，应该使用 too。解析：followedfollowing解析 非谓语动词误用。follow 的逻辑主语是 I，两者是主谓关系，和recordi

44、ng以及 timing一样，同为伴随状语，因此使用现在分词形式。解析：inthe解析 冠词缺失。这里 in the least是固定搭配，表示“根本，丝毫”，如：I don“t mind in the least.“我根本就不在意。”解析：InOn解析 介词误用。表示在具体某一天时用介词 on，不是表示具体某一天时用介词 in，这里是 1995年的感恩节的周末，指具体的日期，因此用 on。解析：whichwhere解析 定语从句的关系词误用。machine 是定语从句的先行词，从句不是说这个机器怎样，而是说在这个应答机上发生了什么事情，因此应该使用关系副词 where。本句意思是“在 1995

45、年的感恩节的周末，有一个人把我住宅的电话号码传到外省的一个电话应答机上；没有疑心的朋友打电话给我的时候总是能听到一个自称是我的男性声音，而且说一些极其粗俗的话。”解析：extremeextremely解析 词性混用。这里的 extreme修饰形容词 rude，因此应该使用其副词形式。Hello, my name is Richard and I am an ego surfer. The habit began about five years ago, and now I need help. Like most journalists, I can“t deny that one of m

46、y private joys are seeing my 31 byline in print. Now the internet is allowing me to feed this vanity to ever greater extent, and the occasional sneaky web search has grown 32 into a full-blown obsession for how high up Google“s ranking my 33 articles appear where I put my name into the search box. W

47、hen I 34 lastly looked, my best effort was a rather humiliating 47th place. 35 You know you have a problem how you find yourself competing for 36 ranking with a retired basketball player from the 1970s. Not that I“m lonely for suffering from a dysfunctional techno- 37 habit. New technologies have re

48、vealed a whole raft of hitherto unsuspected personality problems: think crackberry, power- pointlessness or cheesepodding. Most of us are familiar in sending 38 an e-mail to a colleague sitting a couple of feet away instead talking 39 to them. Some go onto the web to snoop on old friends, colleagues

49、 or even the first dates. More of us than ever reveal highly personal 40 information on blogs or My Space entries. A few will even use internet anonymity to fool others into believing they are someone else altogether. So are these web syndromes and technological tics new versions of old afflictions, or are we developing fresh mind bugs?（分数：25.00）解析：areis解析 主谓不一致。主语是 one of my private joys，这种情况下谓语应该与 one保持一致，因此应该使用单数。解析：everan解析 冠词缺失。to a great extent 表示“从更大程度上讲”，冠词 a是不能省略的，此处在 great前