专业八级-220 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-220 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Germany invaded Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Then the U.S (1)_ in debate. (1) _ Roosevelt asked congress to amend the (2)_ Act (2) _ in order to help the “non-aggressive (3)_.“ (3) _ Most Americans now

2、 saw Hitler as a great danger to the world. Before the Hitler-Stalin pact in August, the U.S. Communist Party had favored changing the Act. Now they joined the (4)_ and others rafting against U.S. involvement in Europes war. (4) _ The Party (5)_ newspaper, the Daily Worker, (5) _ editorialized that

3、the people of the world wanted peace, and the Daily Worker was suggesting that atrocities by Germanys National Socialists were no worse than British atrocities in India. In the spring of 1940, Churchill was complaining in (6)_ that the United States was giving Britain too little help, and isolationi

4、sts in the U.S. were continuing their campaign against involvement abroad. (6) _ Americans were surprised by Hitlers move westward, especially against peaceful Norway. In responding to Hitlers new invasions, Roosevelt spoke of Americas anger and (7)_ isolationism again. (7) _ In July, 1940, the Batt

5、le of Britain began. In the United States an aroused public rushed to buy (8)_ (8) _ “God Bless America“ began being sung at sporting events, school meetings and at gatherings for bingo. In late October the U.S. began (9)_ men into the military. (9) _ But Charles Lindbergh believed that if the Unite

6、d States defeated Germany, it would result in the (10)_ of all European civilization. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What was most important, according to Kofi Annan（分数：1.00）A.Getting the WHO workB.Looking at the

7、 figures and statistics and the devastationC.Getting the leaders speaking upD.Discussing the issue with the WHO and the UNAIDS(2).How did Annan see the individuals struggle through the course of the illness?（分数：1.00）A.He was concerned with the statisticsB.He was concerned with the suffering and the

8、painC.He was concerned with the medicationD.He was concerned with the UNs activities there(3).Annan hoped that the governments could increase assistance in the areas of_（分数：1.00）A.treatment, funds, prevention and getting organizations involvedB.prevention, education, treatment and getting organizati

9、ons involvedC.education, leadership, prevention and treatmentD.treatment, education, prevention and leardership(4).Annan was pleased with Dr. Lees approach of lying to get the AIDS medication to_（分数：1.00）A.three billion people in four yearsB.three million people in four yearsC.four million people in

10、 three yearsD.three million people in five years(5).Why did Annan meet the seven top pharmaceutical companies?（分数：1.00）A.He urged them to provide more medications for these countriesB.He urged them to reduce the production of the medicationsC.He urged them to lower the prices of the medicationsD.He

11、urged them to produce more effective medications三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)IQuestion 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the News./I（分数：2.00）(1).Which statement is not true?（分数：1

12、.00）A.The girl was living with hex motherB.The landlady witnessed the crimeC.The girl and the suspect probably were datingD.The gift was found dead on the floor(2).We can learn from the news that_（分数：1.00）A.Police provided detail in formations about the girlB.Tobago has a population of 1.2 millionC.

13、Homicide increased in TobagoD.Tobago is generally a peaceful island1.These militants_（分数：1.00）A.suffered severe casualtiesB.were on the recently issued list of terroristsC.fought with Saudi police forcesD.were thought to be hiding in al-Rawdah districtQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following ne

14、ws. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the News.（分数：2.00）(1).Rabbi Michael Strassfeld says that one should be grateful_（分数：1.00）A.when everything goes smoothlyB.when the sun stands stillC.for peoples appreciationD.for ev

15、eryday aspects of life(2).When a traditional Jew blesses God as“ the true Judge“ at hearing someones death, he_（分数：1.00）A.is acknowledging that death is part of lifeB.is happy that his enemy finally died.C.thinks that death is a blessingD.God is good to that person.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BT

16、EXT A/BThomas Jefferson, who died in 1826, looms ever larger as a figure of special significance. Americans, of course, are familiar with Jefferson as an early statesman, author of the Declaration of Independence, and a high-ranking presidential Founding Father. But there is another Jefferson less w

17、ell known. This is the Jefferson who, as the outstanding American philosopher of democracy, has an increasing appeal to the worlds newly emerging peoples.There is no other man in history who formulated the ideas of democracy with such fullness, persuasiveness, and logic. Those interested in democrac

18、y as a poetical philosophy and systemeven those who do not accept his postulates or are critical of his solutionsmust reckon with his thought.What, then, is his thought, and how much of it is still relevant under modern conditions?Of all the ideas and beliefs that make up the political philosophy kn

19、own as Jefferson democracy, perhaps three are paramount. These are the idea of equality, the idea of freedom, and the idea of the peoples control over government. Underlying the whole, and serving as a major premise, is confidence in man.To Jefferson; it was virtually axiomatic that the human being

20、was essentially good, that he was capable of constant improvement through education and reason. He believed that “no definite limit could be assigned“ to mans continued progress from ignorance and superstition to enlightenment and happiness. Unless this kept in mind, Jefferson cannot be understood p

21、roperly.What did he mean by the concept of equality, which he stated as a “serf-evident“ truth? Obviously, he was not foolish enough to believe that all men are equal in size or intelligence or talents or moral development. He never said that men are equal, but only that they come into the world wit

22、h “equal rights“. He believed that equality was a political rather than a biological or psychological or economic conception. It was a gift that man acquired automatically by coming into the world as a member of the human community.Intertwined with equality was the concept of freedom, also viewed by

23、 Jefferson as a “natural right.“ In the Declaration of Independence he stated it as “self-evident“ that liberty was one of the “inherent“ and “unalienable rights“ with which the Creator endowed man. “Freedom“, he summed up at one lime, “is the girl of Nature.“What did Jefferson mean by freedom and w

24、hy was it necessary for him to claim it as an “inherent“ or “natural“ right? In Jefferson thought there are two main elements in the idea of freedom. There is, first, mans liberty to organize his own political institutions and to select periodically the individuals to run them. The other freedom is

25、personal. Foremost in the area of individual liberty, Jefferson believed, was the untrammeled fight to say, think, write, and believe whatever the citizen wishes m provided, of course, he does not directly injure his neighbors.It is because political and personal freedom are potentially in conflict

26、that Jefferson, in order to make both secure, felt the need to found them on “natural fight“. If each liberty derives from an “inherent“ fight, then neither could justly undermine the other. Experience of the past, when governments, were neither too strong for the ruled or too weak to rule them, con

27、vinced Jefferson of the desirability of establishing a delicate natural balance between political power and personal fights.This brings us to the third basic element in the Jeffersonian idea: the peoples control over government. It is paradoxical that Jefferson, Who spent most of his adult years in

28、politics, had an ingrained distrust of government as such. For the then-existing governments of Europe, virtually all of them hereditary monarchies, he had antipathy mixed with contempt. His mistrust of strong and unchecked government was inveterate. “I am not,“ he said, “a friend to a very energeti

29、c government. It is always oppressive.“Government being a necessity for civilized existence: the question was how it could be prevented from following its tendency to swallow the rights of the people. Jeffersons answer to this ancient dilemma was at variance with much traditional thinking. He began

30、with the postulate that government existed for the people, and not vice versa; that it had no independent being except as an instrument of the people; and that it had no legitimate justifications for existence except to serve the people.From this it followed, in Jeffersons view that only the people,

31、 and not their rulers or the privileged classes, could and should be relied upon as the “safe depositories“ of political liberty. This key idea in the Jeffersonian political universe rested on the monumental assumption that the people at large had the wisdom, the capability, and the knowledge exclus

32、ively to carry the burden of political power and responsibility. The assumption was, of course, widely challenged and vigorously denied in Jeffersons day, but he always asserted his confidence in it.Confidence in the people, however, was not enough, by itself, to serve as a safeguard against the pot

33、ential dangers inherent in political power. The people might become corrupted or demoralized or indifferent. Jefferson believed that the best practice for the avoidance of tyranny and the preservation of freedom was to follow two main policies. One was designed to limit power, and the other to contr

34、ol power.In order to put limits on power, Jefferson felt, it was best to divide it by scattering its functions among as many entities as possibleamong states, countries, and municipalities. In order to keep it in check, it was to be impartially balanced among legislative, executive, and judicial bra

35、nches. Thus, no group, agency, or entity would be able legitimately to acquire power for abuse. This is, of course, the theory that is embedded in the Constitution and that underlies the American federal system with its “check and balance“.For the control of power or, more specifically, the governme

36、ntal apparatus itself, other devices had to be brought into play. Of these, two are of special importance: suffrage and elections.Unlike many contemporaries, Jefferson believed in virtually universal suffrage. His opinion was that the universal right to vote was the only “rational and peaceable inst

37、rument“ of free government.Next to the fight to vote, the system of free elections was the foremost instrument for control over government. This involved, first, the election by the people of practically all high government officials, and, secondly, fixed and regular periods of polling, established

38、by law.To make doubly sure that this mechanism would work as an effective control over power, Jefferson advocated frequent elections and short terms of office, so that the citizens would be enabled to express their “approbation or rejection“ as soon as possible.This, in substance, is the Jeffersonia

39、n philosophy faith in the idea of equality, of freedom, and in the fight to and need for popular control over government.What, in ail this, is relevant to peoples without a democratic tradition, especially those who have recently emerged in Asia and Africa? The rejection of democratic procedures by

40、some of these peoples has been disheartening to believers in freedom and democracy. But it is noteworthy that democratic and parliamentary government has been displaced in are as where the people had no background in freedom or self-rule, and where illiteracy is generally high. Even there it is sign

41、ificant that the new dictatorships are usually proclaimed in the name of the people.The Jeffersonian assumption that men crave equality and freedom has not been denied by events. Special conditions and traditions may explain non-democratic political methods for the achievement of certain purposes, b

42、ut these remain unstable wherever the notion of liberty has begun to gain ground. “The disease of liberty“, Jefferson said, “is catching.“The proof of this is to be found even in such societies as the Spanish and the Islamic, with their ancient traditions of chieftainships where popular eruptions ag

43、ainst dictatorial rule have had an almost tidal constancy.But it is a slow process, as Jefferson well knew, “The ground of liberty“, he said, “is to be gained by inches; we must be contented to secure what we can get, from time to time. and eternally press forward for what is yet to get. It takes ti

44、me to persuade men to do even what is for their own good.“Does Jefferson survive? Indeed he does.（分数：5.00）(1).What are the three most paramount ideas in Jeffersonian democracy?（分数：1.00）A.Equality, freedom and peoples control over government,B.Equality, confidence in man and peoples control over gove

45、rnment.C.Equality, freedom and confidence in man.D.Freedom confidence in man and peoples control over government.(2).How did Jefferson interpret the concept of equality?（分数：1.00）A.He asserted that it was a political concepts as well as a biological and economic concept.B.He believed that men were bo

46、rn with equal rights.C.Equality is a gift of Nature.D.Both B and C(3).In Jeffersons opinion, what could prevent tyranny and preserve freedom?（分数：1.00）A.Suffrage and election.B.Cheeks and balances.C.The two politics to limit power and to control power.D.The dividing of functions among many entities.(

47、4).Which of the following statements would the writer probably Not support?（分数：1.00）A.The rejection of democratic procedures is partly attributed to ignorance.B.Jeffersons ideas of democracy are often distorted by some people on purpose.C.Universal suffrage is the cardinal instrument for control ove

48、r government.D.Once the concept of liberty is accepted by the majority, a democratic society will be strongly demanded.(5).The primary purpose of this text is to_（分数：1.00）A.explain Jeffersons ideas of democracyB.exalt Jefferson as an outstanding philosopherC.illustrate Jeffersons influence on modem politicsD.view Jeffersonian democracy under modern conditionsBTEXT B/BThe dream of lost innocence recovered in a golden future always haunts the imagination of colonial pioneers. Its premise is myopia: F. Scott Fitzg