专业八级-21及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B Techniques for Group Discussion/B Learning how to participate in group discussion could be one of the most important skills you can acquire in college. The following suggestions will help you improve your discussion techniques. . B

2、e willing to speakU (1) /UMany students are afraid to speak extemporaneously in a group. To take an active role in your education, you must learn to overcome “speechU (2) /U“. . Be willing to listen. Attentive listening is notU (3) /Uhearing, the sort of one-way receptivity we habitually experience

3、when we tune in to our radio, cassette players, and television sets. Perhaps a good discussion depends on goodU (4) /U. . Be willing to examine all sides of a topic. Complex topics areU (5) /U; we should see them from a variety of angles. Discussion is an excellent way to broaden ourU (6) /Uand deep

4、en our insight into complex ideas and issues. . Be willing toU (7) /Ujudgment. To explore ideas in a free and open manner, you will need to develop a receptivity to the opinions of others even when theyU (8) /Uyour own. Discussion is not debate; its primary purpose is communications, notU (9) /U. .

5、Be willing to prepare. Effective discussion is not merely impromptu conversation. It demands a certain degree ofU (10) /U.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Policewomen（分数：1.00）A.work together with policemen on the graveya

6、rd.B.do the same thing as policemen.C.can have days off but policemen cannot.D.dont have to work double-backs.(2).As the interviewee says “two men“, she（分数：1.00）A.intends to mean two policemen.B.means two policemen.C.refers to a policeman and a policewoman.D.doesnt put stress on genders, just referr

7、ing to two persons, working as cops.(3).Wearing police uniform is _important.（分数：1.00）A.sometimesB.alwaysC.notD.very(4).Most drunkers or trouble makers（分数：1.00）A.respect police persons.B.have a little more respect for policewoman than policeman.C.are likely to smack policewoman because a policewoman

8、 is not as strong as they are.D.always take it out on the policeman in his uniform.(5).The interviewee（分数：1.00）A.is afraid of dealing with drunk men.B.saw a drunk lady strike a guy with her bottle and lay his head wide open.C.can predict what a drunk woman is going to do.D.is not full of confidence

9、when she is dealing with a drunk woman.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).What was the fund raised for?（分数：1.00）A.For earthquake disaster in Africa.B.For devastated flood in Africa.C.For famine relief in Africa.D.For disease affected area in Africa.(2).The campaign “comic relief“ has overwhelmingly go

10、t the support from（分数：1.00）A.all walks of life in society.B.only shop assistants and school children.C.TV weather forecasters and a foreign office spokesman.D.school children and some foreign office workers.(3).Which of the following raised a larger amount of money for the “comic relief“ ?（分数：1.00）A

11、.Theatrical show.B.A comedy show on the BBC television.C.The sale of plastic noses.D.The sale of television sets.I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).How did he w

12、ant to bring about true democracy in Haiti?（分数：1.00）A.By releasing all opposition politicians.B.By arming the public.C.Through popular insurrection.D.Through election.(2).Which of the following is NOT true about Mr. Dejoies detention?（分数：1.00）A.Mr. Dejoie was detained because he made a trip to the U

13、nited States and Canada secretly.B.Mr. Dejoies call for popular uprising in Haiti led to his detention.C.Mr. Dejoie was detained as long as 48 hours.D.Mr. Dejoie was held in prison on a charge of inciting public disorder.四、BPART READING (总题数：2，分数：8.00)BTEXT A/BAn airliner travelling from London to N

14、ew York may take from five to fifteen hours to cross the Atlantic, while a space capsule makes one complete circuit of the earth in about ninety minutes. The sequence of events is very similar in both types of flight: the vehicle must take off, climb to a suitable height, fly in the right direction

15、at a relatively constant speed for an appropriate time, descend, and land at the destination. Yet although flights to New York are routine affairs which almost anyone may safely undertake, a flight into space is a hazardous adventure for which only a few selected men are at present considered suitab

16、le.The most obvious difference between an aircraft and a space vehicle is that of speed, but this alone cannot account for the greater stamina required of astronauts. The human body is unaffected by speed alone and we are normally quite unconscious of the earths rotation on its axis, or of its rapid

17、 motion around the Sun. Of much greater importance is the rate at which the final speed is achieved, for the body is extremely sensitive to alterations of velocity, or accelerations, especially if they are sudden. An airliner can take a comparatively long time to reach its cruising speed of, say, 40

18、0mph, and its passengers will experience acceleration only to a mild degree. The space capsule, however, must be hurled through the atmosphere to reach its final speed of 18,000 mph as quickly as possible, and the acceleration applied by the launching rocket must be correspondingly high. The first p

19、roblem of manned space flight, therefore, is to match the performance of the rocket to the bodys tolerance for acceleration, and this naturally involves a study of the physiological effects of acceleration.Like all other accelerations, gravity acts upon objects to produce a force, and this force is

20、experienced as weight, or as pressure. It is usual and convenient to regard the earths gravity as a standard unit, referred to as lg, and also to use the expressions “force“ and “acceleration“ as interchangeable.Most of our knowledge of the physiological effects of acceleration has come from studies

21、 on human centrifuges, in which acceleration is produced by rotation instead of by changing speed. It has been found that human tolerance is greatly affected by the direction in which the force acts. When the acceleration is applied in line with the long axis of the body, the early symptoms are mere

22、ly of difficulty in lifting the arms and legs, and of being thrust down into the seat. If the acceleration is raised to 3g or so, vision becomes slightly misty or veiled. As the stress is increased further, the field of view contracts from the edges, until at about 4.5g only a small patch of central

23、 vision remains. With yet higher accelerations, even this small area is lost, and this is the state well known to fighter pilots as “black-out“. Finally, at about 5.5g to 6g consciousness is lost.The remedy follows logically: if tolerance depends upon the ability of the heart to push blood to the he

24、ad, it should be possible to reduce the load by shortening the distance between heart and brain. Crouching, or bending the head forward, would be one solution, but an even more satisfactory result can be achieved by placing the body across the line of thrust. The effort needed to pump blood to the b

25、rain is then quite small, for the heavy fluid does not have to be lifted very far. In this position men have. withstood an acceleration of 17g for a period of three or four minutes without loss of consciousness.Gravity and acceleration become important once more during the re-entry of the space caps

26、ule through the earths atmosphere. In this phase, all the speed acquired at the cost of so much fuel during the launch must be lost. Deceleration has exactly the same properties and physiological effects as acceleration, and the same precautions must be taken to avoid exceeding the limits of toleran

27、ce. This is why the American plan involves turning the whole capsule round shortly before re-entry, so that the man is again pressed back into his protective couch.The highest, and shortest, deceleration of the entire flight comes at the moment of impact with the land or water. Here the last remnant

28、s of the speed must be lost very suddenly, and forces of up to 30g can easily accompany descent to an unyielding surface. The duration of this final insult is so short, however, that its physiological effects are negligible. No doubt the astronaut would regard the jolt as a welcome indication of his

29、 return to a normal 1g environment.（分数：4.00）(1).What is the passage mainly concerned about?（分数：1.00）A.Physiological problems of space flight.B.Speed and gravity of space flight.C.Gravity and acceleration of space flight.D.Acceleration and deceleration of space flight.(2).What common experience sugge

30、sts that the human body is quite accustomed to travelling at high speed?（分数：1.00）A.An airliner travelling from London to New York may take from S to 15 hours to cross the Atlantic.B.We are normally quite unconscious of the earths rotation on its axis.C.The space capsule must be hurled through the at

31、mosphere to reach its final speed of 18,000 mph.D.An airliner can cruise at the speed of 400 mph.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true about acceleration?（分数：1.00）A.Acceleration can be expressed by lg, a standard unit for the earths gravity.B.The bodys tolerance for acceleration depends

32、only on velocity.C.Acceleration is important during both the launch and the re-entry stages.D.By changing the bodys position, we can increase the bodys tolerance for acceleration.(4).Acceleration and deceleration are alike in all the following aspects EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.Both of them have the same pr

33、opertiesB.Both of them have the same physiological effectsC.In both processes, the same precautions must be takenD.The physiological effects are negligible in both of themBTEXT B/BChristmas is a sad season. The phrase came to Charlie an instant after the alarm clock had woken him and named for him a

34、n amorphous depression that had troubled him all the previous even hag. The sky outside his window was black. He sat up in-bed and pulled the light chain that hung in front of his nose. Christmas is a very sad day of the year, he thought. Of all the millions of people in New York, I am practically t

35、he only one who has to get up in the cold black of 6 a.m. on Christmas Day in the morning; I am practically the only one.He dressed, and when he went downstairs from the top floor of the rooming house in which he lived, the only sounds he heard were the coarse sounds of sleep; the only lights burnin

36、g were lights that had been forgotten. Charlie ate some breakfast in an all-night lunch wagon and took an elevated train uptown. From Third Avenue, he walked over to Sutton Place. The neighbourhood was dark. House after house put into the shine of the streetlights a wall of black windows. Millions a

37、nd millions were sleeping, and this general loss of consciousness generated an impression of abandonment, as if this were the fall of the city, the end of time. He opened the iron-and-glass doors of the apartment building where he had been working for six months as an elevator operator, and went thr

38、ough the elegant lobby to a locker room at the back. He put on a striped vest with brass buttons, a false ascot, a pair of pants with a light blue stripe on the seam, and a coat. The night elevator man was dozing on the little bench in the car. Charlie woke him. The night elevator man told him thick

39、ly that the day doorman had been taken sick and wouldnt be in that day. With the doorman sick, Charlie wouldnt have any relief for lunch, and a lot of people would expect him to whistle for cabs.Charlie had been on duty a few minutes when 14 rang-Mrs. Hewing, who, he happened to know, was kind of im

40、moral. Mrs, Hewing hadnt been to bed yet, and she got into the elevator wearing a long dress under her fur coat. She was followed by her two funny looking dogs. He took her down and watched her go out into the dark and take her dogs to the curb. She was outside for only a few minutes. Then she came

41、in and he took her up to 14 again. When she got off the elevator, she said, “Merry Christmas, Charlie.“Well, it isnt much a holiday for me, Mrs. Hewing,“ he said. “I think Christmas is a very sad season of the year. It isnt that people around here aint generous-I mean I got plenty of tips-but, you s

42、ee, I live alone in a furnished room and I dont have any family or anything, and Christmas isnt much of a holiday for me.“Im sorry, Charlie,“ Mrs. Hewing said. “I dont have any family myself, It is kind of sad when youre alone, isnt it?“ she called her dogs and followed them into her apartment. He w

43、ent down.It was quiet then, and Charlie lit a cigarette. The heating plant in the basement encompassed the building at that hour in a regular and profound vibration, and the sullen noises of arriving steam heat began to resound, first in the lobby and then to reverberate up through all the sixteen s

44、tories, but this was a mechanical awakening, and it didnt lighten his loneliness or his petulance. The black air outside the glass doors had begun to turn blue, but the blue light seemed to have no source; it appeared in the middle of the air. It was a tearful light, and he wanted to cry. Then a cab

45、 drove up, and the Walsers got out, drunk and dressed in evening clothes, and he took them up to their penthouse. The Walsers got him to brood about the difference between his life in a furnished room and the lives of the people overhead. It was terrible.（分数：4.00）(1).All the following statements may

46、 account for the sadness felt by Charlie on Christmas EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.he had to get up early to work on Christmas morningB.he felt lonelyC.he had a sense of inferiorityD.he was poor(2).It can be inferred that people living in the building where Charlie worked were_.（分数：1.00）A.poor peopleB.rich pe

47、opleC.immoral peopleD.drunkards(3).Which of the following is NOT true about Charlies work?（分数：1.00）A.Charlie had to commute to his workplace.B.Charlie could get some tips by serving others.C.Operating elevator was Charlies main duty.D.Whistling for cabs was part of Charlies regular work.(4).What doe

48、s “It“ in the last sentence refer to?（分数：1.00）A.The weather.B.Christmas.C.Charlies feeling.D.The difference between his life and the lives of the people overhead.五、BTEXT C/B(总题数：4，分数：12.00)B Get rid of waste/B. Once the fundamental infrastructure is in place, the concept of the “extended enterprise“ comes into play. Its not just about integrated “lowest-cost“ manufacturing and streamlined distribution processes, although both are key components. It involves taking waste out of the entire value chain through