专业八级-139 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-139 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Research shows that everyone dreams quite frequently every night. We usually remember just the last dream that we had beforeU (1) /U. When we are dreaming, ourU (2) /Uare moving. If a person is prevented from dreaming but allowed

2、 to sleep, he or she becomes very up set. So we need to dream. Why do we dream? one explanation is that when the mind doesnt have to think about every day matters it is free to think about the deeper concerns. It doesnt have to beU (3) /Uand sensible. We have to represent out anxieties, fears and ho

3、pes throughU (4) /U. Freud believed that the conscious mind tries to control and cover up the enormous feeling, and that the unconscious feelings that we try to cover up are largelyU (5) /U. The unconscious mind had toU (6) /Uits feeling to express its wishes. Jung was interested in world of religio

4、ns and inU (7) /Uand spiritual ideas. He believed that our personalities are divided into three parts, the conscious, the unconscious, and the “U (8) /Uunconscious“, and that everyone has another, inside person in himself or herself, cared “anima“. Womens animus isU (9) /Uforceful and decisive. Lang

5、uage of dreams. Usually the only person who can really find the meaning behind a dream is the person who had the dream. But there are several common symbols we share with others. When you dreamed of flying, perhaps you have anU (10) /Ucomplex, or you are trying to escape from your problems.（分数：10.00

6、）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The Baltimore New Compact Schools differ from typical public schools in that _.（分数：1.00）A.their model permits school to cluster their resources, personnel and fundsB.they charge lower tuitionC.the

7、y are smallerD.they does a lot of fund-raising(2).In the summer program, the students attendance rate was _.（分数：1.00）A.ninety percentB.One hundred percentC.ninety-five percentD.eighty percent(3).The New Compact project is different from the Edison Project because in it _.（分数：1.00）A.teachers are disc

8、overing for themselves what children and parents needB.there is someone telling teachers how to teach and what to learnC.teachers are from better backgroundD.students and parents go to school together(4).The Core knowledge Curriculum teaches all of the following except _.（分数：1.00）A.world civilizatio

9、nB.language developmentC.physics and chemistryD.literature(5).Why does the interviewee think that teaching institutions should be community-based?（分数：1.00）A.Because it costs less.B.Because teachers will learn quickly.C.Because it is required by experts.D.Because the cultural patterns are diverse.三、B

10、SECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).The Clinton Administration announced Friday that _.（分数：1.00）A.US aid programs in 21 countries over the next three years will be haltedB.US aid missions in 21 countries over the next three years will be extendedC.the United States government will establish an aid assista

11、nt organizationD.the United States is willing to invest more on many developing countries such as Zaire(2).AID Administrator Bryan Ratwood says the countries affected most will be concentrating in such areas as _.（分数：1.00）A.North AmericaB.South AmericaC.EuropeD.Africa, Asia, and Latin America(3).AID

12、 will now concentrate on sustainable development programs in some fifty nations focusing on key areas not including _.（分数：1.00）A.environmentB.populationC.cultureD.economic growthI Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer

13、each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).In a visit to Germany, Pope John Paul said _ is responsible for the 16th century schism led by Martin Luther.（分数：1.00）A.both the Catholics and ProtestantsB.the CatholicsC.the ProtestantsD.neither of the two(2).So far the Pontiff _ to the demand.（分

14、数：1.00）A.has decided to give inB.is not going to give inC.has shown no sign of giving inD.is ready to counterattack四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BSANTEE, CALIF - When news broke about the mayhem and killing at Santana High School, Charles Williams frantically dashed to the school to make s

15、ure his 15-year-old son wasnt hurt. As he searched the chaotic tableau of sobbing teens and panicked parents, Williams called a girl, “Do you know where Andy is?“ Her quiet reply: “With the cops.“Until that moment, Williams apparently had no idea what his son, Charles Andrew, had planned to that mor

16、ning when he left their small apartment in this town northeast of San Digeo. But, sadly, others had a clue. The teen had bragged to several friends and at least one adult, 29-year-old Chris Reynolds, about his scheme to shoot his classmates. Some of his friends thought it was simply bluster from a k

17、id. Yet two of them were so concerned that they patted Williams down that morning. They didnt go far enough to find his fathers 22-caliber, long-barrel revolver in Williamss yellow backpack.Bombs and hit lists. Even before last weeks shooting, the collective culture had been changing. Last month, po

18、tential disasters were foiled in schools from New York to California because students reported their concerns. Just days after the Santana High School shooting, students tipped off police who arrested a handful of kids at several other California schools for allegedly making threats that included pl

19、otting to put a bomb on a teachers desk and drawing up a hit list of 16 students. “The climate is changing where young people are more willing to report threats, but that change is happening slowly.“ says Ron Stephens, executive director of the National School Safety Center. “Santee is certainly a l

20、esson in that. We must continually work with young people about why it is in their interest to come forward.“Thats tough task, considering children are taught almost from kindergarten, not to tattle. No one wants to be an informer, but as Tom Hall, San Diego schools security chief, says, “Weve got t

21、o get kids to understand that there is a proper time to tell. “A recent Secret Service study found that in more than three quarters of school shootings, the attacker told someone, almost always a peer, about his plan beforehand. Only twice out of 37 cases did that kid tell an adult. “We as lay peopl

22、e, kids and adults, dont need to make the decision about whether someone is joking,“ says Marceta Reilly, superintendent of the Kansas school district where a student last month turned in three teens for an alleged plot to blow up the school. “It is important to turn it over to someone who can inves

23、tigate it properly.“Overall, school violence is down, despite the outpouring of high-profile shootings that often produce imitators including many after Santee. No one wanted to take any chances in Elmira, N. Y. , where the entire town has worked to prevent another Columbina. Last month, students no

24、ticed an 18-year-old student acting oddly on the bus. After students told school authorities, an officer found 18 pipe bombs and a sawed-off shotgun in a green bag and a 22-semiautomatic pistol folded in his trousers. “Weve tried to foster a new attitude: This is not snitching“, says Chemung County

25、District Attorney John Trice. “These are kids who have decided, I dont want anyone to get hurt.“Bullies. Some classmates described Andy Williams as a friendly, quiet kid. But others said he was deeply troubled, disturbed by the separation from his mother, who had been divorced from his father for ab

26、out 10 years. The youngster was also a frequent target of bullies. Experts believe the Santee shooting will fuel a redoubling of anti-bullying efforts that began after Columbina. Colorado is working on a bill that would require all schools to develop bully-prevention plans. A new law requires New Ha

27、mpshire school boards to adopt anti-bullying policies. Oregon is considering a bill that would ban bullying. Some parents and civil libertarians may worry that the Santee shooting will renew zeal for Columbina-inspired, but much criticized, zero-tolerance policies. Already last week, stories of stud

28、ents being suspended or arrested - some turned in by fellow teens-were coming in from across the nation. And the schools new credo: Silence isnt golden.（分数：4.00）(1).How do you understand the word “mayhem“ in Paragraph 1?（分数：1.00）A.Firing.B.Bombing.C.Disaster.D.Violent disorder.(2).It can be inferred

29、 from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.Charles Williams had tried to prevent his son from the killingB.Charles Andrew kept his scheme to shoot as a top secretC.people who had the clue of the killing did not take Andrews words seriously except twoD.some of Andrews classmates found a revolver in his back

30、pack(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.Some of the treats can be removed.B.Young people play a minor role in tipping the police off some accidents.C.It is found that the attacker is likely to tell his plan beforehand to his peer.D.It is not difficult to make young people unders

31、tand why it is in their interest to tattle.(4).What does the last paragraph tell us?（分数：1.00）A.Andy Williams parents divorce has some negative effects on him.B.Andy Williams was rather popular because he used to be quite friendly.C.Anti-bullying policies are adopted by all schools in Colorado.D.Sile

32、nce is strongly banned in schools.BTEXT B/BAt 5:30 in the morning we are deep in a dark forest on an island in the midddle of the Panama Canal. Weve been out walking for only 15 minutes, but Im already soaked in sweat.As a colleague and I plod along, my head lamp picks out the occasional trail marke

33、r, but mainly the light seems to operate as a major local landmark for insects. Several mosquitoes have already discovered the delights of the soft parts of my ears, while others are slowly working their way between my seeks and legs to be discovered later after much scratching. Suddenly a deranged

34、roaring and barking starts 25m above my head and builds chaotically and intensity before slowly quieting after several minutes. Similar mad choruses respond from other areas of the forest. Hearing the dawn cacophony of howler monkeys always give me a deep sense of pleasure - the joy of being back in

35、 the tropics. It may be a hot, humid place where insects, plants and fungi rule, but the phone and fax wont find me here. Im free to watch monkeys, collect data and try to tease out a tiny piece of the great puzzle of lifes diversity.That diversity faces disaster, and every biologist has a horror st

36、ory to tell. Each year many of us return to the field after a cold winters teaching to discover that our research sites have been destroyed and our experiments and study organisms have disappeared. We can see with our own eyes the mass extermination of the worlds animal and plant life as forests, sa

37、vannas and wetlands give way to farmland, housing developments and shopping malls. If current rates of habitat destruction continue, it is likely that we will condemn from a quarter to half the worlds currently living species to extinction within the next 100 years.Nowhere is life more diverse than

38、in tropical rainforests, and nowhere is the assault on life more tragic. Scientists are only beginning to understand the complex webs of interdependencies among various species. Increasingly, ecological research in the tropics is revealing how dependent humans are on forests for a wide variety of im

39、portant services, particularly regulation of the earths atmosphere and climate. We may owe as much to the residents of the rainforests as we do our cattle, corn and wheat.Much of our understanding of tropical-forest biology comes from research on Barro Colorado Island, a 1,600-hectare dot in the mid

40、dle of the Panama Canal. B. C. I., as the island is affectionately known to the biologists who work there, is covered with dense tropical forest, which was declared a nature reserve in 1923. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute facility on B. C. I., established in 1946, is a Mecca for tropica

41、l biologists, who work to uncover the complex links between the large variety of species that live in forests and to demonstrate the importance of these woodlands as sources for medicines and other products of incalculable value to humans.The atmosphere at the research station is probably similar to

42、 that at Los Alamos, New Mexico, in the 1940s when a group of the worlds top physicists were cloistered together trying to design the atom bomb. The justified the creation of a nuclear weapon by assuming it would provide the ultimate deterrent that could be used to reinforce peace in a democratic wo

43、rld. Similarly, the longer-term future of human civilization on earth is dependent on the earths forests, which act as its lungs, livers and kidneys. That is why scientists on B. C. I. are struggling to unravel the mysteries of the forests before they disappear.At first the forest in Panama just loo

44、ks like a wall of green. Then you start to notice differences between plant species, and file sheer diversity seems suddenly overwhelming. Variations between plants are often subtle and only apparent for the short period of time that a species bears flowers or fruit. Slowly you begin to identify spe

45、cific types and family groups such as the palms, heliconias and fig trees. Yet each of these families contains many species, every one of which has a subtle variation on an evolutionary theme that has found a slightly different way of competing for limited light and nutrients, or escaping from preda

46、tors and diseases.The fig trees provide a spectacular example of the complex interaction of species that enables forests to function. Of more than 1,000 species of figs in the world, at least 20 are found in Panama. Most tree species on B. C. I. bear fruit only seasonally, producing an abundance of

47、it at the beginning of the rainy season in May and June. This is all consumed by variety of birds, monkeys and bats, and by the end of the rainy season, in October through December, there is a major shortage of food in the forest. Saving the day are the fig trees, which may bear fruit at any time.Wh

48、y do fig trees follow a different fruiting strategy from that of other trees? It turns out that figs are pollinated by tiny insects called fig wasps. The female wasp enters the fig flowers when they appear, lays her eggs and then dies. In the process she brings in fig pollen, which fertilizes the flower and spurs development of the fig fruit. Meanwhile the wasps eggs develop within the flower into larvae, which feed on some of the fruit before metamorphosing into adults and mating within the fruit. The m