专业八级-135及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-135 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Starting in the mid-1990s, major American cities began a radical transformation. Years of high violent crime rates, thefts, robberies, and inner-city decay suddenly started to turn around. Crime rates

2、 didn“t just hold steadily, and they began falling faster than 1 they went up. That trend appeared in practically every 2 post-industrial American city, simultaneously. “The drop of crime in the 1990s effected all geographic areas 3 and demographic groups,“ Steven D. Levitt wrote in his landmark pap

3、er on the subject, Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s, and elucidated further in a best-selling book Freakonomics. “It 4 was unanticipated that it was widely dismissed as temporary or 5 illusory long after it had begun.“ He went on to tie the drop to the legalization of abortion 20 years much

4、 earlier, dismissing police 6 tactics as a cause but they failed to explain the universality and 7 unexpectedness of the change. Alfred Blumstein“s The Crime Drop in America pinned the cause of crime solely on the crack epidemic but gave the credit for its appearance to those self-same 8 policing st

5、rategies. Plenty of other theories have been offered to account for the double-digit decrease in violence, from the advent of “broken windows“ policies, three strikes laws, changing demographics, gun control laws, and the increasing prevalence of cellphones or an 9 upturn in the economy and cultural

6、 shifts in American society. Some of these theories have disproven outright while others 10 require a healthy dose of assumption to turn correlation into causation.（分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For people suffering from depression, the advice is usually the same: seek help. This simple-soundi

7、ng directive, moreover, is 1 often difficult for those with depression to follow because one common symptom of the disease is denial or lack of aware. This 2 can be frustrated for well-meaning family and friends-and is one 3 of the key ways that treating mental illness is different from treating oth

8、er illnesses. The challenge for a person with a depressed spouse, relative or close friend who refuses to get treatment is how to change defiant person“s mind. Reality show-style interventions and tough 4 love are rarely successful, experts say. But there are techniques that can help. The key is to

9、try and avoid a debate over if your 5 loved one is sick and instead of look for common ground. 6 “Depression makes a person see the world by gray-colored 7 glasses,“ says Xavier Amador, a clinical psychologist and director of the LEAP Institute in Taconic, NY, who trains mental-health 8 doctors and

10、family members how to overcome a mentally ill person“s denial of their disease. At the LEAP Institute, they teach mental-health professions how to build enough trust with the 9 mentally ill person that he will follow advice even if he won“t admit to sick. LEAP is an acronym for “listen reflectively,

11、 10 empathize strategically, agree on common ground and partner on shared goals.“（分数：25.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The transformation of journalism in India-the world“s largest democracy and one of its fastest growing economies-has implications for journalism around the world. With approaching 10

12、0 round-the-clock news channels-unrivalled in any other country-India boasts the world“s most linguistic diverse news 1 landscape. This offers exciting opportunities, as well challenges to 2 professional journalists and scholars of international journalism. The India Media Centre, the world“s first

13、academic centre which dedicated to studying globalizing tendencies of media 3 in India, is organizing the pioneering conference to address 4 the implications of this major media development. This international gathering will bring together journalists and journalism scholars around the world to exam

14、ine the changing face 5 of journalism in India and their impact on the rest of the world. 6 According to the World Association of Newspapers, the sale of newspapers in India is booming: circulation grew by 46 per cent between 2000 and 2008 and more than 99 million copies of newspapers were sold in I

15、ndia every day. The Times of India is 7 now the world“s largest circulating, English-language “quality“ 8 newspaper. From FM and community radio to online media, journalists are finding new ways to communicate with a requiring 9 and fragmenting audience, including a young and vocal, middle-class dia

16、spora. International media groups-from financial, to sport journalism to entertainment news-are extending and embedding their operations into that is one of the world“s biggest 10 news bazaars.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For centuries, immigrants have come to America seeking the promise of

17、life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Some came fleeting religions persecution. Others came for the possibility of a 1 better life. But all were inspired by the freedoms that exist in the United States because of the rule of law. Throughout our history, immigrants have contributed to American

18、 society and help build the American dream. But today 2 we face with an immigration crisis. Lax enforcement of our 3 immigration laws threatens the promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that has made America that it is today. In 4 order to protect the American dream, we must enforce

19、 our immigration laws. According to a report by the Government Accountability Office, only 44 percent of the U.S.-Mexico border is under the “operational control“ of the U.S. Border Patrol. Forty-four percent is a failure grade. Holes in the security of our borders threaten 5 American lives. The fir

20、st promise of the American dream is “life.“ In order to protect that promise, we must secure the U.S.-Mexico border. We must also do more to prohibit Americans from criminal 6 illegal immigrants. Despite the Obama administration has 7 increased the deportation of criminal immigrants, two Supreme Cou

21、rt rulings created a safe haven for dangerous criminal immigrants who can be removed. Because these rulings prohibit 8 criminal immigrants from detained longer than six months 9 when they cannot be deported, federal officials have been forced to 10 release thousands of criminal immigrants into our c

22、ommunities. Tragically, many have gone on to commit more crimes, including murder.（分数：25.00）专业八级-135 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Starting in the mid-1990s, major American cities began a radical transformation. Years of high violent crime

23、rates, thefts, robberies, and inner-city decay suddenly started to turn around. Crime rates didn“t just hold steadily, and they began falling faster than 1 they went up. That trend appeared in practically every 2 post-industrial American city, simultaneously. “The drop of crime in the 1990s effected

24、 all geographic areas 3 and demographic groups,“ Steven D. Levitt wrote in his landmark paper on the subject, Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s, and elucidated further in a best-selling book Freakonomics. “It 4 was unanticipated that it was widely dismissed as temporary or 5 illusory long af

25、ter it had begun.“ He went on to tie the drop to the legalization of abortion 20 years much earlier, dismissing police 6 tactics as a cause but they failed to explain the universality and 7 unexpectedness of the change. Alfred Blumstein“s The Crime Drop in America pinned the cause of crime solely on

26、 the crack epidemic but gave the credit for its appearance to those self-same 8 policing strategies. Plenty of other theories have been offered to account for the double-digit decrease in violence, from the advent of “broken windows“ policies, three strikes laws, changing demographics, gun control l

27、aws, and the increasing prevalence of cellphones or an 9 upturn in the economy and cultural shifts in American society. Some of these theories have disproven outright while others 10 require a healthy dose of assumption to turn correlation into causation.（分数：25.00）解析：steadilysteady解析 语法错误。hold 此处是“保

28、持，持续”的意思，为系动词。其后应接形容词性的 steady。解析：ThatThis解析 语法错误。this 和 that都可以指代前面提到的事物，一般近指用 this，表示“这个”，此处指代的就是前一句所提到的趋势，故应改为 This。解析：effectedaffected解析 词汇错误。effect 作动词意为“产生，引起”，affect 作动词意为“影响”，根据上下文语义，此句要表达的意思是“90 年代犯罪率的下降影响到了所有的地区和社群。”故应改为 affected，符合上下文语境。解析：athe解析 词汇错误。此处用来特指 Freakonomics这本书，故应改为 the。解析：un

29、anticipatedso解析 语法错误。从结构上来看，这句话可以看成是 that引导的主语从句，意思是“犯罪率下降被普遍认为是短暂的或虚幻的，这一观点是不曾预料到的”，但与上下文语境不符。此句中的 it was widely dismissed as temporary or illusory应该是用来形容 unanticipated的程度，故应该在前面增加一个 so与 that搭配，构成结果状语从句，意为“犯罪率下降是始料未及的，以致它被普遍认为是短暂的、虚幻的。”解析：much much 解析 词汇错误。此处 earlier作副词，表示“以前”，不需要 much修饰。解析：butbeca

30、use解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，句间的逻辑关系应该为因果关系，而不是转折关系，前句指出把犯罪率下降归功于 20年前堕胎的合法化，不认为警方策略是导致下降的原因，后句说到警察手段不能解释犯罪率下降的普遍性及出乎意料性，后者指出前者的原因，故应该用表示原因的连词。解析：appearancedisappearance解析 语篇错误。由上下文的语义判断，此处指的是犯罪的消失而不是出现，故应改为 disappearance。此句的意思是“Alfred Blumstein 在美国犯罪率下降一文中把犯罪归 咎于可卡因的泛滥，但把犯罪的消失归功于警察策略。”解析：orto解析 词汇错误。此处用 to和

31、前面的 from搭配，构成 from.to，列举了可能存在的other theories(其他理论)。解析：disprovenbeen解析 语法错误。此句的主语 Some of these theories与谓语动词 disprove之间是被动关系，故应该加上一个 been，表示现在完成时的被动语态。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For people suffering from depression, the advice is usually the same: seek help. This simple-sounding directive, moreover,

32、 is 1 often difficult for those with depression to follow because one common symptom of the disease is denial or lack of aware. This 2 can be frustrated for well-meaning family and friends-and is one 3 of the key ways that treating mental illness is different from treating other illnesses. The chall

33、enge for a person with a depressed spouse, relative or close friend who refuses to get treatment is how to change defiant person“s mind. Reality show-style interventions and tough 4 love are rarely successful, experts say. But there are techniques that can help. The key is to try and avoid a debate

34、over if your 5 loved one is sick and instead of look for common ground. 6 “Depression makes a person see the world by gray-colored 7 glasses,“ says Xavier Amador, a clinical psychologist and director of the LEAP Institute in Taconic, NY, who trains mental-health 8 doctors and family members how to o

35、vercome a mentally ill person“s denial of their disease. At the LEAP Institute, they teach mental-health professions how to build enough trust with the 9 mentally ill person that he will follow advice even if he won“t admit to sick. LEAP is an acronym for “listen reflectively, 10 empathize strategic

36、ally, agree on common ground and partner on shared goals.“（分数：25.00）解析：moreoverhowever解析 语篇错误。根据前文提到“这个建议听起来简单易行”，后文说“往往难以得到落实”，由此可判断前后之间应该是转折关系，而不是递进关系，故用 however。解析：awareawareness解析 语法错误。aware 是形容词，表示“意识到的”，此处介词 of后面应该接名词 awareness，表示“抑郁症病人的一个常见症状就是否认或是完全没有意识到自己已经得病”。解析：frustratedfrustrating解析 语法错

37、误。frustrated 表示“沮丧的，挫败的”，主语通常是人，而本句主语是 This，指代前面提到的抑郁症病人无法意识到自己得病这一事实，由此可以判断，应该用形容词 frustrating表示“令人沮丧的”，本句意为“这对于那些好心的家人和朋友来说，是令人沮丧的事情。”解析：defiantthe解析 词汇错误。本句中的 defiant person就是指代前半部分提到的 a depressed spouse, relative or close friend,这里再次提及表示特指，故应加上定冠词 the。解析：ifwhether解析 词汇错误。if 和 whether都可以引导宾语从句，表示

38、“是否”，但 whether引导的宾语从句可以放在介词后面，if 引导的宾语从句则不能。解析：of of 解析 词汇错误。instead of 是固定搭配，表示“代替，而不是”，后面接代替的内容，而从句意上看。本句是说“关键在于尽量避免争论他们是否有病，而是积极地达成共识”，所以instead of后面并不是替代的内容，而是强调的重点，因此去掉 of, instead作副词，意为“反而，却”，表示转折。解析：bythrough解析 词汇错误。介词 by和 through都有表示“通过”的含义，但 by强调方法、手段以及传递的方式，through 强调的是时间或空间上的通过、经过。本句是说“抑郁

39、症患者彷佛是透过灰色眼镜看世界”，这里抑郁症患者并不是主动地利用灰色眼镜这一工具去看世界，而是强调空间上透过、穿过，故用 through。解析：whowhich解析 语法错误。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词应该是紧接前面的 LEAP Institute，而不是 LEAP研究所主任。且定语从句也是在具体描述研究所提供的服务及培训对象，故应用指代物的关系代词 which。解析：professionsprofessionals解析 词汇错误。profession 表示“职业”，这里研究所帮助的对象不是某职业，而是从事心理健康方面的专业人士，故改为名词 professional，即“专业人士”。解

40、析：sickbeing解析 语法错误。sick 是形容词，前需加 be动词，表状态。admit to 是固定搭配，表示“承认”，而此处 to是介词，故用 being。另外 admit后可直接接名词表示承认的内容，如果改成名词 sickness，则不需要介词 to。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The transformation of journalism in India-the world“s largest democracy and one of its fastest growing economies-has implications for journal

41、ism around the world. With approaching 100 round-the-clock news channels-unrivalled in any other country-India boasts the world“s most linguistic diverse news 1 landscape. This offers exciting opportunities, as well challenges to 2 professional journalists and scholars of international journalism. T

42、he India Media Centre, the world“s first academic centre which dedicated to studying globalizing tendencies of media 3 in India, is organizing the pioneering conference to address 4 the implications of this major media development. This international gathering will bring together journalists and jou

43、rnalism scholars around the world to examine the changing face 5 of journalism in India and their impact on the rest of the world. 6 According to the World Association of Newspapers, the sale of newspapers in India is booming: circulation grew by 46 per cent between 2000 and 2008 and more than 99 mi

44、llion copies of newspapers were sold in India every day. The Times of India is 7 now the world“s largest circulating, English-language “quality“ 8 newspaper. From FM and community radio to online media, journalists are finding new ways to communicate with a requiring 9 and fragmenting audience, incl

45、uding a young and vocal, middle-class diaspora. International media groups-from financial, to sport journalism to entertainment news-are extending and embedding their operations into that is one of the world“s biggest 10 news bazaars.（分数：25.00）解析：linguisticlinguistically解析 语法错误。linguistic 是形容词，不能修饰形

46、容词diverse，而 linguistically是 linguistic的副词形式，可修饰 diverse，意为“语言上多样化地”。解析：challengesas解析 语法错误。as well as 和 as well都可意为“也，又”，区别是 as well as连接并列的单词或短语，放在句中，as well 放在句末。故此处应该用 as well as。解析：which which 解析 语法错误。dedicated 是形容词，be dedicated to 意为“致力于”，这里作后置定语修饰 academic centre，无须加关系代词 which。注意，虽然此处也可相当于定语从句

47、，但是由于先行词 academic centre前面被序数词 the world“s first修饰，只能用 that来引导定语从句，故不能在 which后面加上 is。解析：thea解析 词汇错误。这里的 pioneering conference表示“先驱性的会议”，此处是第一次提及，故用不定冠词 a而不用定冠词 the。解析：aroundfrom解析 词汇错误。around the world 意为“全世界”，根据上下文，“这次会议将把来自全世界各国的新闻工作者和新闻学者聚集在一起”。因此应该加上介词 from，表示“来自于”。解析：theirits解析 语篇错误。这里指代的是 the

48、changing face of journalism in India“印度新闻业的转变”，因此应该用单数形式 its来替代。解析：wereare解析 语法错误。本句中有时间状语 every day，而且主句中用了现在进行时 is booming，表示印度报纸销售量正在飞速发展，因此应该用一般现在时。解析：circulatingmirculated解析 语法错误。这里的分词用来作定语，和 English-language “quality“一起修饰 newspaper，而 circulate和 newspaper是被动的关系，故应该用过去分词circulated,此处表示“全世界流通最多的高

49、质量英语报纸”。解析：requiringdemanding解析 词汇错误。此句表示“新闻工作者正在寻求新的方式与苛求的日益分裂的观众进行沟通”。demanding 表示“要求高的。苛求的”，而 requiring没有此意，因此不能用。解析：thatwhat解析 语法错误。引导名词从句的 that是连词，在句中不充当任何成分且无意义，而what是连接代词，what=the thing(s) that。此处的从句缺少了主语部分，因此要用 what，表示 the country that。五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For centuries, immigrants have come to America seeking the promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Some came fleeting religions persecution. Others came for the possibility of a 1 better life. But all were inspire