专业八级-123 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-123 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Topic: Types of Interview 3 types of interview: 1. One-to-one interview: one interviewer and one candidate 2. Board interview: a group of interviewers and a single candidate 3. Group interview: a single interviewer and a group of

2、 candidates One-to-one Interview Advantages: 1. provide the mostU (1) /Usituation 2. help the interviewer to build up aU (2) /Uwith the candidate 3. enable the interviewer to learn more about theU (3) /Uand make right decisions Disadvantages: 1. interviewers assessment may be affected by his positiv

3、e or negativeU (4) /U. 2. interview may be so relaxed that the interviewer forgets toU (5) /Ucertain questions 3. assessment by one person is notU (6) /U. Board Interview Advantages: 1.U (7) /Uis fairer every word could be heard all over the Library above a steady seething sound coming from her elec

4、tric fan; it was the only fan in the Library and stood on her desk, turned directly onto her streaming face.As you came in from the bright outside, if you were a girl, she sent her strong eyes down the stairway to test you; if she could see through your skirt, she sent you straight back home: you co

5、uld just put on another petticoat if you wanted a book that badly from the public library. I was willing; I would do anything to read.My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me and I saw I had met

6、 a witch. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adult,“ Mother said.Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the Library on the same day youd taken it out; it made no difference to her that youd

7、 read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only; this applied as long as you were a child and also for the rest of your life, to my mother as severely as to me. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the

8、 basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. Every book I seized on, from Bunny Brown and His Sister Sue at Camp Rest-A-While to Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea, stood for the devouring wish to read being instantly granted. I knew this was bliss, knew it at th

9、e time. Taste isnt nearly so important; it comes in its own time. I wanted to read immediately. The only fear was that-there would be no more books left.My mother share this feeling of insatiability. Now, I remember her reading so much of the time while doing something else. In my minds eye, The Ori

10、gin of Species is lying on the shelf in the pantry under a light dusting of flour-my mother was a bread maker; shed pick it up, sit by the kitchen window and find her place, with one eye on the oven. I remember her picking up The Man in Lower Ten, while my hair got dry enough to unroll from a load o

11、f kid curlers trying to make me like my idol, Mary Pick ford. A generation later, when my brother Walter was away in the Navy and his two little girls often spent the day in our house, I remember Mother reading the new issue of Time magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red

12、 Riding Hood“ with the children. Shed just look up at the right time, long enough to answer-in character-“The better to eat you with, my dear,“ and go back to her place in the war news.（分数：3.00）(1).What description best fits Mrs. Calloway, as the author perceived her?（分数：1.00）A.A warm-hearted person

13、.B.An awesome person.C.A substitute mother.D.A tutor.(2).Which of the following was a rule in Mrs. Calloways library?（分数：1.00）A.Children could check out only two books at a time, but adults could take four books.B.Children and adults could check out only four books at a time.C.Children and adults co

14、uld check out only two books at a time.D.Children could check out books only when accompanied by an adult.(3).The authors attitude toward reading was probably influenced most strongly by the fact that_.（分数：1.00）A.her mother loved to read:B.her house was located near the libraryC.she liked going to t

15、he libraryD.she liked the librarianBTEXT B/BWhen a Massachusetts biotech company recently declared that its researchers had cloned human embryos, it conjured up scary images for many people: bad science-fiction movies, Hitlers twisted ambitions, rows and rows of identical humans.But, like most thing

16、s in life, the truth is a lot more complicated, more subtle.The announcement drew a storm of criticism. Ethicists, religious leaders and US President Bush denounced Advanced Cell Technology for going too far. Scientists charged that the experiment was hyped and called it a failure.The news put a spo

17、tlight on the field of cloning, from work with animals to researchers efforts to use cloning to create tissues for people suffering from debilitating and fatal diseases.At its most basic level, cloning means creating copies, and in many ways, cloning has been around a long time. When someone cuts a

18、shoot off a green spider plant and re-pots it, that person is creating a clone. Scientists clone or copy genetic material, or DNA, to match suspects to crimes. By copying cells, researchers have been able to create and test drugs. Scientists even use cloning techniques to create copies of the human

19、gene for insulin to help make insulin for people with diabetes.“Cloning per se is not bad. The ability to clone and make lots of copies of DNA molecules and cells is part of the entire biological revolution and all sorts of good stuff,“ sags Larry Goldstein, professor of cellular medicine at the Uni

20、versity of California, San Diego, School of Medicine.Cloning a whole animal or a human being, however, is a much more difficult proposition, even without considering the moral implications. The basic method sounds deceptively simple. Scientists allow an egg to mature in a culture dish. They strip ou

21、t the genetic material from this egg. Then they insert the genetic material of a separate cell, an adult cell. Next, using a chemical mixture or electrical stimulation, researchers trick the egg into thinking it has been fertilised by sperm. This will activate the cell to start dividing.Essentially,

22、 scientists are trying to reprogramme the egg to create a new organism. Its an excruciatingly difficult process. During the past several years, scientists around the world have used this method to clone animals. Theyve created about a half-dozen different species, including the famous first sheep, D

23、olly, along with cows, mice, goats and pigs. Experts say these cloned animals could offer a great deal, from herds that produce more milk, to genetically modified animal organs that could be used for transplantation in humans, and even to cattle that lack the gene that makes them susceptible to mad

24、cow disease.But it has been a tough process. For each species, scientists have had to work out subtle variations on the basic cloning steps, including how to treat the donor cell and what type of stimulation to use to spark the egg to start dividing. Still, fewer than 1% of these cloned embryos prod

25、uce live offspring.Even those born alive have abnormalities-some become obese very quickly, some suffer neonatal respiratory failure. Those that die do so suddenly, and scientists cant figure out why.There is no consensus about what is going wrong in these experiments or why, except that something m

26、ust be awry in the genetic reprogramming. But almost all scientists agree that aside from the moral debate, cloning hasnt been perfected enough to try in humans.（分数：4.00）(1).Professor Larry Goldstein may agree on all of the following statements EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.we need to make good use of cloningB

27、.we need to incorporate cloning into the biological revolutionC.cloning is not intrinsically good or hadD.the ability to clone can offer us exclusively good stuff(2).In the process of cloning, what ultimately activates the cell to start dividing?（分数：1.00）A.An adult cell inserted into an egg.B.An ele

28、ctronic stimulation.C.An artificially fertilised egg.D.Another donor cell.(3).Why is it likely for those cloned animals born alive to have abnormalities?（分数：1.00）A.Scientists havent got the faintest idea at all.B.Scientists havent researched into the cause.C.Scientists speculate that there must be s

29、omething wrong in the genetic reprogramming.D.Scientists calculate that those animals are susceptible to diseases.(4).It is implied that cloning draws fierce criticism from ethicists, religious leaders and US President Bush because_.（分数：1.00）A.it is conceptually hypedB.it is morally controversialC.i

30、t is extremely difficultD.it is not scientifically viableBTEXT C/BSuppose you are driving off a highway with three lanes going in your direction and you come upon a tell plaza with. six toll booths. Three toll booths are straight ahead in the three lanes of traffic, and the three other booths are of

31、f to the right. Which lane should you choose? It is usually the case that the wait time is approximately the same no matter what you do. There are usually enough people searching for the shortest line so as to make all the lines about the same length. If one line is much shorter than the others, car

32、s will quickly move into it until the lines are equalised. There are usually enough drivers searching for the fastest line to equalise the average wait time.The term profit in economics has a very precise meaning. Economists, however, often loosely refer to “good deals“ or profitable ventures with n

33、o risk as profit opportunities. Using the term loosely, a profit opportunity exists at the toll booths if one line is shorter than the others. The general view of economics is that profit opportunities are rare. At any one time there are many people searching for such opportunities, and as a consequ

34、ence few exist. At toll booths it is seldom the case that one line is substantially shorter than the others.Another example of a possible profit opportunity is the following. At major banks in big cities, you can buy foreign currencies. The prices of these currencies are determined in world money ma

35、rkets. Lets concentrate on the US dollar, the German mark, and the French franc. With dollars we can buy marks; with these marks we can buy francs; and with these francs we can buy back dollars. Can we make money on this transaction? In other words, can the prices be such that we end up with more do

36、llars at the end than we started with? If this is possible, we say that there are profit opportunities in the market. There are in fact almost never any profit opportunities of this kind in foreign currency markets. There are always individuals looking for such opportunities, and if any opportunity

37、does arise it is quickly eliminated.If, for example, the mark-franc price is too low with respect to the other prices, there is an immediate rush to buy marks and sell francs, not by ordinary citizens at bank windows, but by a few large currency traders in Tokyo, London, or Zurich who watch prices e

38、very minute. Such a rush drives up the mark-franc price to the no-profit-opportunity point. Markets like this, where any profit opportunities are eliminated almost instantaneously, are said to be efficient markets.The common language way of expressing the efficient markets hypothesis is “theres no s

39、uch thing as a free lunch“. How should one react when a stockbroker calls up with a hot tip on the stock market? With skepticism. There are thousands of individuals each day looking for hot tips in the market, and if a particular tip about a stock is valid there will be an immediate rush to buy the

40、stock, which will quickly drive its price up. By the time the tip gets to your broker and then to you, the profit opportunity that arose from the tip is likely to have been eliminated. Similar arguments can be made for bond markets and commodity markets. There are many “experts“ in these markets, wh

41、o take quick advantage of any news that affects prices.This economists view that there are very limited profit opportunities around can , of course, be carried too far. There is a story about two people walking alone, one an economist and one not. The non-economist sees a twenty-dollar bill on the s

42、idewalk and says, “Theres a twenty-dollar bill on the sidewalk.“ The economist replies, “That is not possible. If there were, somebody would already have picked it up.“There are clearly times when profit opportunities exist. Someone has to be first to get the news, and some people have quicker insig

43、hts than others. Nevertheless, news does get disseminated quickly, and there are thousands of people with quick insights. The general view that profit opportunities are rare is close to the mark.（分数：4.00）(1).What is implied in the efficient market hypothesis “Theres no such thing as a free lunch“?（分

44、数：1.00）A.You need to ignore a hot tip offered.B.You need to pay for a hot tip offered.C.You need to justify a hot tip offered.D.You need to take quick advantage of a hot tip offered.(2).From the example of two people walking along, one an economist and the other a non-economist, we can see that_.（分数

45、：1.00）A.the economist may apply the view of profit opportunities excessivelyB.the economist has quicker insights than the non-economistC.the economist has a better understanding of profit opportunities than the non- economist doesD.profit opportunities appear even in our daily life(3).According to t

46、he passage, why are profit opportunities rare?（分数：1.00）A.Few people can get a hot tip in the market.B.Few people have quicker insights than others.C.Few people are searching such opportunities.D.Such opportunities are quickly eliminated.(4).Which of the following is true about efficient markets?（分数：

47、1.00）A.All the markets are efficient markets.B.There are no profit opportunities in efficient markets.C.In efficient markets, professionals have an advantage over non-professionals.D.Efficiency is given priority in efficient market.BTEXT D/BTo understand the phenomenon of organised crime, it is nece

48、ssary to study the social and economic background of the criminal. He is usually a product of a neighbourhood in which a low standard of living prevails. In many cases, he has been a member of a teenage gang with its code of loyalty and exclusive “turf“ rights. As a result of the antisocial atmosphe

49、re that may prevail in certain neighbourhoods, the gangs would tend also to exhibit evidence of antisocial behaviour of one kind or another. Very often such activity would result in arrest and imprisonment, and the person involved would be well on his way to becoming an outlaw in the social sense. A sufficient number of arrests for minor offences can brand a person as a potential criminal for the rest of his life. Consequently, regular occupations may be denied t