职称英语卫生类C级分类模拟6及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 C 级分类模拟 6 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Better Control of TB Seen If A Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each y

2、ear about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 . Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drugresistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs da

3、ily. But many people stop 5 they feel better. Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard Universi

4、ty led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8 , it would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They

5、 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thou

6、sand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS (短期直接观察治疗) program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14

7、 if they continue treatment. Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Dr

8、ug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.（分数：30.00）A.kidneysB.lungsC.bonesD.liversA.withB.withoutC.ofD.out ofA.increasedB.decreasedC.changedD.disappearedA.makeB.takeC.tryD.testA.as ifB.as thoughC.as far asD.as soon asA.referB.applyC.leadD.amountA.e

9、ffectiveB.ineffectiveC.expensiveD.inexpensiveA.curedB.to cureC.being curedD.having been curedA.manyB.moreC.fewD.fewerA.providedB.introducedC.testedD.temptedA.bring aboutB.contributed toC.promoteD.preventA.increasesB.reductionsC.creationsD.collectionsA.developedB.inventedC.delayedD.refusedA.easyB.une

10、asyC.sureD.unsureA.withB.toC.ontoD.intoOne Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt“s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last

11、 two labs that are supposed to have itone in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves? 16 reality, of course, it was naive to 17 that everyone would let 18 of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have 1

12、9 vials. 20 the last “official“ stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, 21 no obvious gain. Now American researchers have 22 an animal model of the human disease, opening the 23 for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there“s a good reason to 24 the virusjust in 25 th

13、e disease puts in reappearance. How do we 26 with the mistrust of the US and Russia 27 Keep the virus 28 international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that“s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doe

14、sn“t 29 the idea is wrong. If the virus 30 useful, then let“s make it the servant of all humanitynot just a part of it.（分数：30.00）A.InB.OnC.AtD.ForA.knowB.imagineC.realizeD.be awareA.to goB.goingC.goD.wentA.muchB.moreC.mostD.a fewA.AndB.WhileC.WhereasD.AlthoughA.sinceB.forC.becauseD.ofA.looked forB.s

15、oughtC.foundD.talked aboutA.methodB.roadC.streetD.wayA.keepB.putC.destroyD.eradicateA.needB.caseC.necessityD.timeA.handleB.tackleC.dealD.treatA.difficultB.hardC.safeD.simpleA.underB.inC.onD.orA.sayB.meanC.stateD.declareA.will beB.would beC.isD.areStudy Confirms Red Meat Link with Bowel(肠) CancerPeop

16、le who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less 31 20 grams a day, according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition foll

17、owed 478,040 men and women 32 35 to 70 from 10 European countries. All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but 33 an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported. The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Insti

18、tute, confirms the long-held suspicion 34 high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel 35 risk. After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer wa

19、s 36 with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken. Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated 37 a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a 38 Subjects with high red meat and low fish inta

20、ke were at 63 percent higher risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish 39 . In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for 40 people who ate a low fiber diet. Sheila Bingham, study investigator at the UK“s Medical Research Council nutrition unit,

21、said, “People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat 41 risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a 42 relationship.“ Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, 43 the World Health Organization Internat

22、ional Agency for research into cancer, said, “Other risk factors for 44 cancer include obesity (肥胖) and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a 45 . These factors were all taken into account in the analysis.“（分数：40.05）A.fromB.thanC.betweenD.amongA.agingB.yearsC.agedD.ra

23、ngingA.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.whenA.thatB.whichC.whetherD.whyA.illnessB.cancerC.problemD.deathA.presentedB.selectedC.contrastedD.associatedA.withB.intoC.forD.againstA.monthB.yearC.dayD.weekA.habitB.experienceC.harvestD.intakeA.theseB.muchC.thoseD.thatA.increaseB.lowerC.meetD.showA.strongB.poorC.weakD

24、.casualA.atB.outC.inD.onA.newB.organC.fatalD.bowelA.factorB.roleC.riskD.chance职称英语卫生类 C 级分类模拟 6 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Better Control of TB Seen If A Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria th

25、at cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 . Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drugresistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at leas

26、t six months. Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop 5 they feel better. Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates ju

27、st how 7 it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8 , it would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a

28、mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model

29、shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS (短期直接观察治疗) program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course.

30、 Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 if they continue treatment. Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most commo

31、n drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.（分数：30.00）A.kidneysB.lungs C.bonesD.livers解析：解析 结核病多发于肺部，这是一般的常识。故 B 为正确答案。A.withB.withoutC.of D.out of解析：解析 die of：死于某种疾病，其他三个介词都

32、不与 die 搭配。A.increased B.decreasedC.changedD.disappeared解析：解析 本句后半部分说，由于艾滋病的传播和抗药性结核病的出现，那么根据推理，结核病自然应该增加，而不可能“减少”或“消失”。至于“变化”，不应该是结核病本身发生变化，而应该是发病率发生变化。故 A 为正确答案。A.makeB.take C.tryD.test解析：解析 从本句的前后句可以推测到：“病人每天必须服用几种抗生素药物”，而服药只能选择take，其他几个动词都不合适。A.as ifB.as thoughC.as far asD.as soon as 解析：解析 But 表明

33、与上句意思发生转折，而选项中 as if、as though 都是“仿佛，宛如”的意思，as far as 则是“至于”，“就而言”的意思，填在这里均不合适，只有 as soon as 才恰当。A.referB.applyC.lead D.amount解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，lead to：导致，故 C 为正确答案。A.effective B.ineffectiveC.expensiveD.inexpensive解析：解析 本句译为：现在有一项新的研究想评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。故 A 为正确答案。A.cured B.to cureC.being curedD.having be

34、en cured解析：解析 “Joshua Salomon 说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能意味着不仅仅是更多病人被治好”。故 A为正确答案。A.manyB.moreC.fewD.fewer 解析：解析 前句说到更多病人可以被治愈，根据推理，后句应该是“将感染传递给别人的传染病人就会更少”，因为前后两句实际上具有因果关系。这里必须用比较级 fewer。A.providedB.introducedC.tested D.tempted解析：解析 此题考查词义辨析，test：测试、实验，故 C 为正确答案。A.bring aboutB.contributed toC.promoteD.prevent 解析

35、：解析 空白处的上一句实际上起到提示作用：“两个月的治疗方案可以减少大约 20%的新病例”，后句应是“也可能减少大约 25%的结核病死亡率”。其他三个选项词义均相反。A.increasesB.reductions C.creationsD.collections解析：解析 上面两句说到“可以减少大约 20%的新病例和可能减少大约 25%的死亡率”，这自然是“降低”，故 B 为正确答案。A.developed B.inventedC.delayedD.refused解析：解析 本句应该是“制订 DOTS 计划”，而四个选项中只有 A 项有“制订”的意思，计划不可能是“发明”，从上下文分析，更不可

36、能是“推迟”或“拒绝”。A.easyB.uneasyC.sure D.unsure解析：解析 DOTS 计划其中就包含“直接观察”的意思，本句中也说到“医务人员看着结核病人每天服药”，目的自然是要“确信他们是否继续治疗”，make sure 正是“确信”的意思。A.withB.toC.ontoD.into 解析：解析 research 后面常用 on 或 into，偶尔也用 for 或 after，例如：a research for/after facts(对事实的调查)，但不与其他三个选项连用。One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt“s now a fa

37、ir bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have itone in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had t

38、ruly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves? 16 reality, of course, it was naive to 17 that everyone would let 18 of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have 19 vials. 20 the last “official“ stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,

39、 21 no obvious gain. Now American researchers have 22 an animal model of the human disease, opening the 23 for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there“s a good reason to 24 the virusjust in 25 the disease puts in reappearance. How do we 26 with the mistrust of the US and Russia 27 K

40、eep the virus 28 international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that“s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn“t 29 the idea is wrong. If the virus 30 useful, then let“s make it the servant of all

41、 humanitynot just a part of it.（分数：30.00）A.In B.OnC.AtD.For解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，in reality：实际上，事实上。故 A 为正确答案。A.knowB.imagine C.realizeD.be aware解析：解析 此处应填入一个非事实性动词。imagine 是非事实性动词。：know，realize 和 be aware都是事实性动词，所以不合适。属于非事实性动词的还有 believe，think 等。故 B 为正确答案。A.to goB.goingC.go D.went解析：解析 let 后接动词原形，go 符合这一原

42、则。故 C 为正确答案。A.muchB.moreC.mostD.a few 解析：解析 vials 是复数，much 不合适。另外，本句和上文都没有比较的意思，因此 more 和 most 也都不合适。故 D 为正确答案。A.And B.WhileC.WhereasD.Although解析：解析 上一句句末的标点符号表明本句是一个独立的句子。只有 and 可用于一个独立的句子，其他的选项都不可以。A.sinceB.for C.becauseD.of解析：解析 整个句子说的是美俄“官方”的最后的活病毒储备由于不能带来明显的好处而引起大家对这两个国家的不信任。no obvious gain 是名词

43、短语。for 可跟名词短语，表示原因。because 不跟名词短语。since 可跟名词短语，但要求跟表示时间的名词短语。of 可跟名词短语，但常表示“所属”关系。故 B 为正确答案。A.looked forB.soughtC.found D.talked about解析：解析 opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines：为试验新的治疗方法和新的疫苗开辟了道路。这是句子的下半部分。可以看出，上半部分所描写的 model 应该是实际上存在的。此处应该用 found，表示 model 是存在的。looked for 和 soug

44、ht 是内涵动词，它们引起的名词短语并不一定有外延，因此是不合适的。talked about(谈论)与文意不符。A.methodB.roadC.streetD.way 解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，open the way：为某事的发生创造了条件。故 D 为正确答案。A.keep B.putC.destroyD.eradicate解析：解析 keep the virus：保存病毒、put the virus 是不正确的，后面必须有地点状语。如：You can put the virus in a bottle. destroy the virus 和 eradicate the virus 都

45、是“消灭病毒”的意思，跟后半句话在意思上是矛盾的。故 A 为正确答案。A.needB.case C.necessityD.time解析：解析 in case 是固定的语法，意思是“万一”。整个句子说的是：因此，又有了一个保存病毒的理由万一这种病卷土重来。A.handleB.tackleC.deal D.treat解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，deal with：处理。故 C 为正确答案。A.difficultB.hardC.safeD.simple 解析：解析 从紧随其后的句子来看，用 simple 是正确的。difficult，hard 和 safe 都跟后面的句子在意思上不连贯。A.und

46、er B.inC.onD.or解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，under the auspices：赞同，支持。故 A 为正确答案。A.sayB.mean C.stateD.declare解析：解析 It doesn“t mean that.是一种固定的表达法。也可以说：It doesn“t mean to say thatA.will beB.would beC.is D.are解析：解析 本句是个条件句。从句中动词一般用现在时表示“未来”。这就排除了 will be 和 would be。virus 是单数，因此 D 也不正确。故 C 为正确答案。Study Confirms Red Mea

47、t Link with Bowel(肠) CancerPeople who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less 31 20 grams a day, according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out. The European Prospective Investigation

48、 into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women 32 35 to 70 from 10 European countries. All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but 33 an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported. The subsequent analysis, published in the Journ

49、al of the National Cancer Institute, confirms the long-held suspicion 34 high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel 35 risk. After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was 36 with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken. Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was