职称英语理工类B级分类模拟3及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B级分类模拟 3及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Ahead and Act GloballyThe world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders fai

2、led to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the start of 2004. These food price increases, combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop econ

3、omic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we“ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. The first is

4、to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi“s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a me

5、re $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion altogether. Second, the US and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The US government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol (乙醇) changed from corn

6、. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foodstree crops, grasses and wood productsbut there“s no case for the government to pay to put the world“s dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weather-proof the world“s crops as soon and as effectively as possi

7、ble. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pondwhich collects rainwater to be used in dry weathercan make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital econo

8、mic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.（分数：20.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. AWeather-proof the crops BThe economy crisis CUS and Europe DStop the exchange of food and biofuels EThe promotion of Malawi model FSolutions to the problems（分数：2.50）(2).Paragra

9、ph 3 1.（分数：2.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：2.50）(5).Oil prices have risen since 1. Athe beginning of the 21 st century Bhelp its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity Ctelevisions and mobile phones Dethanol Ethe beginning of 2004 Festablish a Climate Adaptatio

10、n Fund（分数：2.50）(6).Three years ago, Malawi established a special fund to 1.（分数：2.50）(7).The US encouraged their farmers to exchange corn for 1.（分数：2.50）(8).In order to help the poor regions, the world has promised to 1.（分数：2.50）Various DictionariesYou“re probably most familiar with college dictionar

11、ies, often called abridged dictionaries. Although abridged means “shortened“, these dictionaries contain more than 150,000 entries and provide detailed definitions that are sufficient for most college students and general users. College dictionaries also contain separate lists of abbreviations, biog

12、raphical and geographical names, foreign words and phrases, and tables of measures. Webster“s New Riverside University Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language are college dictionaries. Unabridged dictionaries contain as many as 500,000 entries and provide detailed def

13、initions and extensive word histories (etymologies). These dictionaries, possibly in several volumes and mostly found in libraries, are excellent sources for scholarly inquiries. Unabridged dictionaries include the Oxford English Dictionary and the Random House Dictionary of the English Language. A

14、dictionary entry has many elements: multiple definitions, syllabication, preferred spelling and pronunciation (some words have more than one acceptable spelling and pronunciation), and part-of-speech labels. Some entries also include plurals and capitalized forms, synonyms, antonyms, and derivatives

15、. Americanisms and etymologies may be provided along with usage notes, cross-references, and idioms. If you prefer using the dictionary on a computer, you can obtain CD-ROM versions of many major dictionaries. In addition, you can access numerous dictionaries, such as WWWebster“s Dictionary, on the

16、Internet. Online dictionaries allow you to enter a search word (you even get help with spelling) to see a definition, and sometimes even an illustration. Online dictionaries also offer additional features, such as word games, language tips, and amusing facts about words. Some online dictionary servi

17、ces allow you to access numerous dictionaries, both general and specialized, in one search. Specialized dictionaries provide in-depth information about a certain field. For example, there are dictionaries for the specialized vocabularies of law, computer technology, and medicine. In addition, there

18、are dictionaries of synonyms, clichs, slang, and even regional expressions, such as the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE). There are also dictionaries of foreign languages, famous people“s names, literary characters“ names and place names.（分数：20.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Online dictionar

19、ies B. Unabridged dictionaries C. American dictionaries D. Abridged dictionaries E. Specialized dictionaries F. Webster dictionaries（分数：2.50）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：2.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：2.50）(5).The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language belongs to 1. A.

20、synonyms, clichs, slang, and even regional expressions B. scholarly inquiries C. the specialized vocabularies of law, computer technology, and medicine D. multiple definitions, syllabication, preferred spelling and pronunciation E. unabridged dictionary F. abridged dictionary（分数：2.50）(6).Unabridged

21、dictionaries could be used as the sources of 1.（分数：2.50）(7).The elements under a dictionary entry can include 1.（分数：2.50）(8).The Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) is a dictionary covering 1.（分数：2.50）The Domestication of HorsesDomestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky

22、Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren“t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today. Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, p

23、eople began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication. As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could

24、 be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals“ genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation o

25、f houses would show more of these chosen characteristics. Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn“t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breedstypically reaching only one meter tall. With short, st

26、rong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads. The domestication of horses has had great effects on soci

27、eties. For example, horses were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far great

28、er distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.（分数：20.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Current horses with various shapes and sizes B. How to domesticate horses C.

29、 Choose horses with desirable characteristics D. Travel with horses E. The first step in domestication of horses F. The influences of domesticating horses on societies（分数：2.50）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：2.50）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：2.50）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.50）(5).The first step in the domestication of

30、horses was to 1. A. catch horses and raise them B. catch horses and eat them C. carry heavy loads D. pull coal out of mine shafts with low ceilings E. demonstrate the owner“s fortune F. encourage the communication among people（分数：2.50）(6).People used strong horses to 1.（分数：2.50）(7).The Shetland hors

31、e were bred to 1.（分数：2.50）(8).Traveling by riding horses can 1.（分数：2.50）Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world“s first thinking robot. This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020. Carol Packer reports machines that walk, speak and feel are no longer s

32、cience fiction. Kismet is the name of an android (机器人) which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions. Its eyes, ears and lips move to show when it feels happy, sad or bored. Kismet is

33、one of the first of a new generation of androidsrobots that look like human beingswhich can imitate human feelings. Cog, another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However, scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old. The optimists (乐观主义者) say

34、 that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids (机器人) with brains similar to those of all adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do? In the future, robots like Robonaut, a h

35、umanoid invented by NASA, will be doing dangerous jobs, like repairing space stations. They will also be doing more and more of the household work for us. In Japan, scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano. Some people worry about what the future hold

36、s. Will robots become monsters (怪物)? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people wilt be wearing micro-computers, connected to the Internet, in the future. People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body, which will connect them to a

37、wide variety of gadgets (小装置). Perhaps we should not exaggerate (夸大) the importance of technology, but one wonders whether, in years to come, we will still be falling in love, and whether we will still feel pain. Who knows?（分数：20.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Robots dominate the earth B. The making of th

38、e first thinking robot C. Kismet and Cog D. People“s worry about the future E. Science fiction F. Jobs robots can do（分数：2.50）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：2.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：2.50）(5).Carol Packer states that 1. A. repair space stations B. playing piano C. scientists can ma

39、ke robots that walk, speak and feel D. robots similar to human beings can be built by 2020 E. the Massachusetts Institute of Technology F. Japan（分数：2.50）(6).The android, Kismet, was built in 1.（分数：2.50）(7).The optimists estimates that 1.（分数：2.50）(8).Robonaut invented by NASA can 1.（分数：2.50）Verne“s A

40、ccurate Preview of the FutureSince the beginning of time, man has been interested in the moon. The Romans designed a special day to show admiration and respect to the moon. They called it “Moon-day“, or “Monday“, as we know it today. Later, the great mind of Leonardo da Vinci studied the moon and de

41、signed a machine to carry a human to the moon. Leonardo said that one day a great machine bird would take a person to the moon and bring great honour to the home where it was born. Four and a half centuries later, Leonardo“s idea was realized. Apollo took three Americans Collins, Aldrin, and Armstro

42、ng to the moon. The mission (任务) did fill the whole world with great surprise, as Leonardo had said it would. Numerous essays, articles, and books were written about man“s first moon mission. But perhaps the most interesting story was one written before the event over 100 years before. In 1865, Fren

43、ch author Jules Verne wrote a story about the first journey to the moon. His story was very similar to the 1969 Apollo mission. Verne“s spacecraft also contained three mentwo Americans and a Frenchman. The spacecraft was described as being almost the same size as Apollo . The launch (发射) site in Ver

44、ne“s story was also in Florida. The spacecraft in Verne“s story was named the “Columbiad“. The Apollo command ship was called “Columbia“. His account of sending the spacecraft into the space could easily have been written about how Apollo 11 was sent into the space. Verne“s story was the same as the

45、 actual event in several other respects. The speed of Verne“s spacecraft was 36,000 feet per second; Apollo“s was 35, 533 feet per second. Verne“s spacecraft took 97 hours to reach the moon; Apollo“s time was 103 hours. Like Apollo“s spacemen, Verne“s spacemen took pictures of the moon“s surface, re

46、laxed on their seats, cooked with gas, and experienced weightlessness. They too came down in the Pacific and were picked up by an American warship. What were the reasons for Jules Verne“s extreme accuracy in describing an event 100 years or more before it actually occurred? He based his writings on

47、the laws of physics and astronomy (天文学). Nineteenth-century science and the vivid Verne“s imagination gave people an unbelievably accurate preview of one of the greatest events of the 20 th century.（分数：20.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Man“s first moon mission B. The machine designed by Leonardo da Vinci

48、C. Man“s interest in the moon D. Reasons for Verne“s accurate preview of the future E. Similarity between Verne“s story and Apollo mission F. Stepping on the moon（分数：2.50）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：2.50）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：2.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：2.50）(5).Romans designed a special day called Monday

49、in order to 1. A. show their admiration to the moon B. he based his writings on the laws of physics and astronomy C. 35,533 feet per second D. 36,000 feet per second E. America and France F. he was very good at calculating（分数：2.50）(6).In Verne“s story, his spacecraft sent three men to the moon who came from 1.（分数：2.50）(7).The speed of Apollo spacecraft was 1.（分数：2.50）(8).Verne can accurately describe the Apollo moon mission because 1.（分数：2.50）职称英语理工类 B级分类模拟 3答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Ahead and Act GloballyThe world economy has run in