职称英语理工类A级-41及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The news will horrify everyone.A. attract B. terrifyC. tempt D. excite（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A. popularB. booming C. legal D. profitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Swallows nest in barns, sheds, chunneys and othe

2、r secluded places.A. isolated B. high C. comfortable D. rural（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.She felt frustrated when nobody understood what she was trying to say.A. boring B. upsetC. angry D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Many of novelist Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people.A. solitary B. glo

3、omy C. feeble D. frugal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a (peep) look.A. chance B. visit C. look D. try（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Mary has blended the ingredients. Amade Bmixed Ccooked Deaten（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Before herbs were available in supermarkets yea

4、r-round, herb vinegar was made in the fall.A. obtainable B. affordableC. reasonable D. disposable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow.A. areas B. rocks C. mountains D. seas（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Their interpretation was faulty.A. wrong B. ambiguous C. unclear D.

5、unbelievable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.A. posted B. sentC. given D. handed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.I was astonished at the news of his escape.A. amused B. amounted C. amazed D. approached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.We have to ask them to quit talking in

6、 order that all people present could hear us clearly.A. increase B. cease C. continue D. keep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A. statements B. beliefsC. suggestions D. claims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Because of Odens uniqueness, he is always performing in the spotlight an

7、d subject to public scrutiny.A. ridicule B. censorshipC. examination D. criticism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several

8、times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,“ say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides?

9、 The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (级地的) ice caps.If the tre

10、nd continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these cora

11、l islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technologi

12、cal solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.（分数：7.00）(1).The people of Kiribati worry that one

13、day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cau

14、se of global warming.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history Of civilization.A. Right B. Wrong C. No

15、t mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.A. Right B. Wrong C. No

16、t mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Chimpanzees1. Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)will soon be extinct(灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or mora

17、l tragedy(悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意)for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings.2. In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse used a

18、s model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other spectes of monkey. As well as resembling US genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be eno

19、ugh to make protection of chimps an urgent priority(优先). But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3. The chimpanzeestrump card(王牌)comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when trea

20、ting them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting.4. For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indee

21、d, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant.5. By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives c

22、himps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变)of the human genetic sequence. The recently comp

23、leted human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.A. Genetic Differences Between Chimps and HumansB. Reasons for HIV ResistanceC. Implications of Chimpanzee Extinction for HumansD. Effective AIDS TreatmentE. Genetic Similarities Between Chimps and Human

24、sF. Chimps Resistance to HIV（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Memory Test1. “I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school,“promised le

25、cturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren.He slapped his hand down on the table.“When Ive finished in two hours time,your work will be far more effective and productive.Anyone not interested,leave now.“The entire room sat still.2. Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师).He specializes i

26、n doing magic tricks that look totally impossible,and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术).“I have always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off (一口气说出) the order of cards in a pack,that sort of thing,“he explains.

27、3. Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable.“It wasnt difficult area to move inot,as the stuffs all there in books.“So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques.4

28、. “You want to learn a list of a hundred things?A thousand?No problem,“says Robinson.The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life.The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant.“I wish Id been told this earlier,“commented Mar

29、k,after Robinson had shown them how to construct“mental journeys“.5. Essentially,you visualize (想象) a walk down a street,or a trip round a room,and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost,the fruit bowl.Then in each location you put a visual representation of

30、your list-phrasal verbs,historical dates,whatever-making them as strange as possible.It is that simple,and it works.6. The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic.“The pupils benefited enormously from lans presentation,“says Dr Johnston,head of the school where Robinson was speaking.“lde

31、ally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually.“A. Good resultsB. An ancient skillC. Gaining attentionD. Memory tricksE. A lecture on memory techniquesF. Ways to improve memory（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3)

32、.Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ag

33、o. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disable

34、d or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, wh

35、ereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have roles wh

36、ich require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more il

37、lness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past an

38、d in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with must members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been buil

39、t. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel.（分数

40、：15.00）(1).The writer believes that the population explosion results fromA. an increase in birthrates.B. the industrial development.C. a decrease in death rates.D. cultural advances.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering culturesA. it was a moral respo

41、nsibility to keep old-aged people alive.B. infants could be left dead in times of starvation.C. parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children.D. death was considered to be freedom from hardships.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, which of the following statemen

42、ts about retired people in the United States is tree?A. Many of them have a very hard life.B. They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C. They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D. Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.（分数：3.00）A

43、.B.C.D.(4).In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers toA. the need to prolong the lives of old people.B. the need to enrich the life of the retired people.C. the need to build profit-making nursing homes.D. the need to take care of a sick and weak person.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the followi

44、ng best describes the writers attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?A. Sympathetic.B. Unfriendly.C. Optimistic.D. Critical.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at al

45、l. The adder is also the only Britain snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all.Most people regard snake bites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, an

46、d very few are fatal: Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the

47、 bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it

48、up, which it dislike intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-

49、weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison.Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites hav