职称英语卫生类A级-8及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A级-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.（分数：1.00）A.reluctantB.eagerC.pleasedD.angry2.It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.（分数：1.00）A.

2、suggestedB.warnedC.statedD.described3.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.（分数：1.00）A.denyB.investigateC.stressD.create4.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.（分数：1.00）A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.accepted5.It has been s

3、aid that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely requlate or enlarge an old one.（分数：1.00）A.manageB.controlC.reviseD.outset6.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.（分数：1.00）A.functionB.abilityC.powerD.volume7.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.（分数：1.00）A.signB.s

4、ubstituteC.proofD.target8.The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys history.（分数：1.00）A.cleanB.perfectC.realD.brief9.He talks tough but has a tender heart.（分数：1.00）A.heavyB.mildC.kindD.wild10.The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock.（分数：1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.resumed11.Her faith

5、 upheld her in times of sadness.（分数：1.00）A.supportedB.excitedC.inspiredD.directed12.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely13.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.（分数：1.00）A.

6、graduallyB.suddenlyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally14.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting15.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.（分数：1.00）A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短

7、文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BUsing HIV Virus to Cure Cancer/BScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost

8、 perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed

9、of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the H

10、IV technique would have “far wider applications“.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocki

11、ng“ but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to tr

12、y and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has

13、 the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies.（分数：7.00）(1).FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.（分数：1.0

14、0）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).The HIV virus

15、 is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replaceme

16、nt genes to cure cancer.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 36 段每段选择 1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个

17、正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BExercising Your Memory/B1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go.2 Thats not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are sto

18、red. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime).3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-

19、term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. Its not until the early teens (十几岁) that most people develop a mature long-term memory.4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈) without constant use. Hi

20、gh school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder t

21、hat more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life.5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active m reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking and th

22、ose who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout (锻炼) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity.6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (记忆力), the ability to store wha

23、t you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lostwhether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages.7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories w

24、e have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which ta

25、kes place at the same rate in younger and older people.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Retention refers to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The rate of forgetting is the same_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Remembe

26、ring something all your life_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Exercising your brain every day is beneficial_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每道题后面有 4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/BBFirst Aid/BFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until

27、more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway (气道), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be adminis

28、tered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important

29、as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to cal*l for professional medical help

30、. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been giv

31、en, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requi

32、res rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym (首字母缩写语) ABC, which stands for:A - Airway: is it open and clear?B - Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.C

33、 - Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.（分数：15.00）(1).First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.saving a victims life.B.preventing a victims condition from gett

34、ing worse.C.helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury.D.relieving a victim from pain.(2).Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us（分数：3.00）A.to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid.B.to make sure what to do and what not to do.C.to remove the ring or bracel

35、et he may be wearing.D.to take him to a hospital at once.(3).In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of all（分数：3.00）A.remove him from the accident scene,B.turn him over.C.examine him carefully.D.call for professional medical help.(4).You may assess a victims condition by all the fol

36、lowing EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.checking whether there is a pulse.B.looking, listening and feeling for breathing.C.examining whether the airway is open and clear.D.replacing his medical bracelet or card.(5).The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader（分数：3.00）A.some basic facts about first aid.B.the imp

37、ortance of protecting the accident scene.C.what professional medical help is.D.who can administer first aid.B第二篇/BBStress at Work and Still Healthy/BThe term could yet become the word of the year: stress is on everyones lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers, officials and teachers are co

38、mplaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow. But that is only the negative aspect. Stress, after

39、 all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality (活力).“Firstly, stress is healthy,“ says Wolfgang Stehling from EItvelle. The doctor and management consultant says: “It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish

40、 the balance.“ Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature: “There is no such thing as a stress-free life.“But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration (持续时间), its cau

41、se or causes and the sufferers personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are relaxed and successful, will v

42、iew a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.Exercise, healthy eating and relaxation are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita Voelker-Albert, spokeswoman

43、 for the governments Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign “Gut Drauf“ (Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agencys research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed (负担过重) and under stress. Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines (

44、偏头痛) and indigestion (消化不良), nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.But even the best solutions dont work if they are not put into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga (瑜伽功) and prescribes good literature as a cure for n

45、egative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?（分数：3.00）A.Stress has both positive and n

46、egative aspects.B.Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.C.Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.D.Stress only leads to serious problems.(2).A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel（分数：3.00）A.fit and healthy.B.under- or overworked.C.irritated, tired and exhaust

47、ed.D.relaxed and happy.(3).Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?（分数：3.00）A.Those who are in good moods.B.Those who suffer from the flu.C.Those who are successful.D.Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.(4).All the following complaints are said to have increased among chil

48、dren aged 12 to 16 EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.painful headache.B.indigestion.C.loss of memory.D.nervousness and concentration problems.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?（分数：3.00）A.Reading good literature.B.Practicing yoga.C.Working overtime.D.Having a healthy diet.B第三篇/BBIs the News Believable?/BUnless you have gone through the experience yourself, or watched a loved ones struggle, you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you. You pray, you rage, you bargain with God, but most of all you clutch at any hope, no ma