职称英语卫生类A级-37及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-37 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relative B. general C. continuous D. sharp（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The police managed to track down the man in New York.A. search B. c

2、atchC. pursue D. survey（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.You look smart in the new suit.A. clever B. handsome C. loyal D. brave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.As a writer, he turned out three novels that year.A. refused B. readC. produced D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Before the invention of photoengraving,steel and copperplat

3、e engraving served as the principal means of reproducing illustrations.A. visions B. picturesC. advertisements D. pages（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.A. denied B. investigatedC. stressed D. created（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The oscillator was easier to use,

4、more stable, and less expensive than others available at the time.A. changeable B. unchangingC. diverse D. strong（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A. damaged B. shaken C. fallen D. jumped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.I am very sorry for ringing you late last night.A. simpl

5、y B. terribly C. eagerly D. largely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He was one of the principal organizers of the association.A. planners B. employees C. actors D. recipients（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Herbal medicine (草药) can be used to cure sleeplessness.A. disrupt B. diagnose C. evaporate D. remedy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12

6、.We are certain that he will get over his illness.A. sure B. happyC. surprised D. excited（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is understandable that early civilizations blamed storms on the gods.A. bad weather B. unsuccessful harvestsC. illness D. warfare（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.I quivered with fear at the strange sou

7、nd.A. shook B. escapedC. stung D. suffered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.What is your goal in life?A. plan B. aimC. arrangement D. idea（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the avera

8、ge woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80.One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for U.S. and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know wh

9、y we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.But in order that we dont slip back into bad habits, lets have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.Families had between 15 and 20 children, al

10、though many babies didnt live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病) and scurvy (坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like Lond

11、on and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down.People didnt have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills (窗台板) , blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden.Some children had to sta

12、rt work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks (火柴杆) (a job done by many children) or working with your dad by now.（分数：7.00）(1).On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not m

13、entioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).A hundred years ago many kids died at all early age.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy.A. Rig

14、ht B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Life was not easy for many chi

15、ldren living 100 years ago.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)1. Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and, more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck,

16、 in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.2. The tool is the laser and it is being used

17、 by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light-from the sun it self clown to a humble match burning-will give warmth. But

18、light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.3. Experiments with these pinpoi

19、nt beams have shown researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyebal

20、l. No knives, no stitches, no unwanted damage-a true surgical wonder.4. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.5. The rapid development of laser tech

21、niques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which ca

22、n be treated medically.（分数：8.00）(1).Para 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Para 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Para 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Para 5 _.A. The use of a new tool as a surgical instrument.B. The cost of an operation.C. The prospect of surgical future with the help of laser.D. The usage of laser.E. How las

23、er functions.F. The advantage of laser.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Long long ago, man used _ for surgical operations.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7)._ means light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.（分数：1

24、.00）填空项 1:_(8).It is possible for eye surgeons to operate by passing a laser been through the _.A. eyeballB. living cellsC. laserD. cancerE. lungF. handy rocks（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of

25、coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before fal

26、ling again. “Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys lev

27、els of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated co

28、ffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal They also took half an hour to drop off twice as long as usual and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concent

29、rations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decal drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin pr

30、oduction.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate thatA. melatonin levels need to be raised.B. neurohormone can wake us up.C. coffee is a stimulant.D

31、. decaf is a caffeinated coffee.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?A. Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B. Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C. Caffeine halves the bodys l

32、evels of sleep hormone.D. Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A. Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.B. Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C. The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes p

33、er night after drinking decaf.D. The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?A. There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers urine sample.B. There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers urine

34、 sample.C. Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author of this passage probably agrees thatA. coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.B. we should not drink coffee after supper.C. people sleep more soundly

35、at midnight than at 3 am.D. if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Shopping at Second-hand Clothing StoresWhen 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at Second-hand clothing stores was just something he did “like changing the tires

36、on his car. “He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.“Even new clothes are fairly disposable(可丢失的)and wear out after a couple of years,“ Barth said. “In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new cloth

37、es“.Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy an

38、d helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army(SA)(救世军)thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.“When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling,“ Akins said. “Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you

39、 can get another one for a lot less?“Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US “some as big as department stores. “All of the clothes are donated(捐赠), and when they have a surplus(盈余), theyll have “stuff a bag“ specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 do

40、llars,Julia Slocum, 22points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.“Id say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture,“ said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for

41、a New American Dream. “Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填理场); they give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing for those who cant afford to buy new ones and generate(生气)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed(摆脱)som

42、e of the guilt for their level of consumption./（分数：15.00）(1).Which statement about Barth is NOT true?A. He is 33 years old now. B. He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.C. He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop. D. He was a college student many years ago.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When Barth was a college

43、student, he often shopped at thrift shopsA. to save money. B. to save energy.C. to help the environment. D. to make friends with poor people.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does Akins do?A. She is a soldier. B. She is an accountant.C. She is a saleswoman. D. She is a road sweeper.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Thri

44、ft shops can do everything EXCEPTA. give clothing a second life. B. generate income for charitiies.C. provide cheaper clothes for the poor. D. stop rich people from wasting money.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “thrift“ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced byA. charity. B. one dollar. C. first class.

45、 D. two dollars.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Is the News Believable?Unless you have gone through the experience yourself, or watched a loved ones struggle, you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you. You pray, you rage, you bargain with God, but most of all you clutch at

46、 any hope, no matter how remote, of a second chance at life.For a few excited days last week, however, it seemed as if the whole world was a cancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve (痛苦减轻). Triggered by a front-page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times,

47、all anybody was talking about on the radio, on television, on the Internet, in phone calls to friends and relatives was the report that a combination of two new drugs could, as the Times put it, “cure cancer in two years.“In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors phone lines begging for

48、 a chance to test the miracle cancer cure. Cancer scientists raced to the phones to make sure everyone knew about their research too, generating a new round of headlines.The time certainly seemed ripe for a breakthrough in cancer. Only last month scientists at the National Cancer Institute announced

49、 that they were halting a clinical trial of a drug called tamoxifen (他莫昔芬) and offering it to patients getting the placebo (安慰剂) because it had proved so effective at preventing breast cancer (although it also seemed to increase the risk of uterine (子宫的) cancer). Two weeks later came the New York Times report that two new drugs can shrink tumors of every variety without any side effects w