职称英语(理工类)47及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(理工类)47 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.hurtC.troubledD.stimulating2.The boy was seriously (wounded) in the accident.（分数：-1.00）A.damagedB.injuredC.destroyedD.devastated3.The students had a lot of trouble (concent

2、rating) on their study because of the noise from the construction outside.（分数：-1.00）A.focusingB.carrying outC.paying forD.continuing with4.They joined the army (willingly).（分数：-1.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly5.His new girlfriend (omitted)to tell him that she was married.（

3、分数：-1.00）A.forgotB.resistedC.deletedD.left out6.He took us to an automobile (show) yesterday afternoon.（分数：-1.00）A.designB.performanceC.raceD.exhibition7.A central objective of the developed country was to (alleviate) the problems of the urban poor.（分数：-1.00）A.lessenB.identifyC.overcomeD.regulate8.T

4、he train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.slowB.noisyC.suddenD.jumpy9.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlarge10.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive11.Icy roads

5、 and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.（分数：-1.00）A.chargesB.conditionsC.weatherD.dangers12.The government would not dare to (impose) taxes on such necessities as bread or milk.（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.forceC.occurD.charge13.Is the clock in the tower (accurate)?（分数：-1.00）A.correctB.newC.o

6、ldD.wrong14.She (longed) to be envied and sought after.（分数：-1.00）A.hopedB.wantedC.was eagerD.wished15.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.（分数：-1.00）A.disturbedB.destroyedC.endangeredD.interestedDyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from som

7、e form of the learning disorder2 called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way . One of the worlds great thinkers and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in

8、words the way that most people do . He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder wer

9、e not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain the part that controls language is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure w

10、hat causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long bef

11、ore it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative. （分数：-0.98）(1).One out of

12、five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not

13、mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia

14、is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to handle language properly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedIce Cream For Dogs 1. Humans not only love eating ice cream,

15、 they enjoy feeding it to their pets(宠物). Market studies show that two-thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to their dogs. Unfortunately, says William Tyznik, an expert on animal nutrition(营养)at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. “It has milk sugar in it,“ he says,“ which dogs

16、 cannot digest very well. “ 2. Bothered by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to please their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much fun to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-prod

17、uct (副产品) of cheese and milk with the sugar removed. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It took Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz)and another dog food (named Tizbits), three years to perfect the Frosty Paws formulas, and

18、 two attempts to commercialize it. After losing B 25, 000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westervile, Ohio, which makes the product and packages it in cups. 3. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested extensively and that “dogs love it“

19、. Of 1,400 dogs that have been offered the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first try. Three out of four preferred it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be available in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in packs of three or four cups, costing between 6 1. 79. 4.

20、What would happen if a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? Nothing, says Tyznik. Its harmless, but frankly, he says, it wont taste very good. A. The price of Frosty Paws B. No harm to human C. The creation of a new kind of ice cream for dogs D. Harm to human E. Feeding ice-creams to

21、 dogs F. Attraction to dogs （分数：-1.04）(1).Para 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Para 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Para 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Para 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Dogs cant digest_ very well.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).The ice cream for dogs is made of a liquid_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).The ice cream can be b

22、ought in_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).It is sold in packs of 3 or 4_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.On Antibodies Substances foreign to the body, such as disease-causing bacteria and viruses and other infectious agents, are recognized by the body s immune system as invaders. Our natural defenses against these infe

23、ctious agents are antibodies, proteins that seek out the antigens (抗原) and help destroy them. Antibodies have two very useful characteristics. First, they are extremely specific; that is, each antibody binds to and attacks one particular antigen. Second, some antibodies, once activated by the occurr

24、ence of a disease, continue to confer resistance against that disease. Classic example are the antibodies to the childhood diseases of chickenpox(水痘) and measles. The second characteristic of antibodies makes it possible to develop vaccines. A vaccine (痘苗) is a preparation of killed or weakened bact

25、eria or viruses that, when introduced into the body, stimulates the production of antibodies against the antigens it contains. It is the first trait of antibodies, their specificity, that makes monoclonal antibody technology so valuable. Not only can antibodies be used therapeutically(在治疗上), to prot

26、ect against disease; they can also help to .diagnose a wide variety of illnesses, and can detect the presence of drugs, viral and bacterial products, and other unusual or abnormal substances in the blood. Given such a diversity of uses for these diseased-fighting substances, their production in pure

27、 quantities has long been the focus of scientific investigation. The conventional method was to inject a laboratory animal with an antigen and then, after antibodies had been formed, collect those antibodies from the blood serum(血清) (Antibody containing blood serum is called antiserum (抗血清). There a

28、re two problems with this method: It yields antiserum that contains undesired substances, and it provides a very small amount of usable antibody. Monoclonal antibody technology allows us to produce large amounts of pure antibodies. in the following way: we can obtain cells that produce antibodies na

29、turally; we also have available a class of cells that can grow continually in cell culture (培养). If we form a hybrid (混血儿) that combines the characteristic of “immortality“(永生)with the ability to produce the desired substance, we would have, in effect, a factory to produce antibodies that work aroun

30、d the clock. In monoclonal antibody technology, tumor cells that can replicate (重复) endlessly are fused with mammalian cells that produce an antibody. The result of this cell fusion is a “hybridoma“ (杂交瘤), which will continually produce antibodies. These antibodies are called monoclonal because they

31、 come from only one type of cell, the hybridoma cell; antibodies produced by conventional methods, on the other hand, are derived from preparations containing many kinds of cells, and hence are called polyclonal. An example of how monoclonal antibodies are derived is described below. A myeloma is a

32、tumor of the bone marrow (骨髓) that can be adapted to grow permanendy in cell culture. When myeloma cells were fused with antibody-producing mammalian spleen cells, it was found that the resulting hybrid cells, or hybridomas, produced large amounts of monoclonal(骨髓瘤) antibody. This product of cell fu

33、sion combined the desired qualities of the two different types of cells: the ability to grow continually, and the ability to produce large amounts of pure antibody. Because selected hybrid cells produce only one specific antibody, they are more pure than the polyclonal antibodies produced by convent

34、ional techniques. They are potentially more effective than conventional drugs in fighting disease, since drugs attack not only the foreign substance but the bodys own cells as well, sometimes producing undesirable side effects such as nausea(恶心) and allergic reactions. Monoclonal antibodies attack t

35、he target molecule and only the target molecule, with no or greatly diminished side effects. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following substances is not an invader to the bodys immune system?（分数：-0.20）A.disease-causing bacteriaB.disease-causing virusesC.antigensD.protein(2).All the following statements a

36、bout antibodies are true except_.（分数：-0.20）A.each antibody attack one particular antigenB.all the antibodies resist against the disease when activatedC.the antibodies that attack measles, once activated, continue to confer resistance against measlesD.a vaccine can stimulate the production of antibod

37、ies(3).Which of the following functions done NOT belong to antibodies?（分数：-0.20）A.To clone (克隆) themselvesB.To be used therapeuticallyC.To be diagnose some diseasesD.To find out whether something foreign is in the blood(4).The polyclonal antibodies are different from the monoclonal ones in all the f

38、ollowing ways except that_.（分数：-0.20）A.the productive techniques are differentB.the former contains some undesired substancesC.the former attacks the foreign substanceD.the former produces side effects, that is, attack the bodys own cells(5).Which of the following statements is false?（分数：-0.20）A.The

39、 conventional method produces the polyclonal antibodies.B.The conventional method provides a very small amount of antibody.C.Hybridoma can produce antibodies around the clock.D.Antibody might be an invader to the bodys immune system.Americans Decrease Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases im

40、ported from the Old World for the staggering disparity(不同) between the indigenous (本土的) population of America in 1492new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the

41、nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous(险峻的) decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil (处女地) epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populatio

42、ns at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically(免疫学的) almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies(病)small pox, measles(麻疹) ,malaria

43、(疟病), yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous (可怕的) epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by re

44、cent equantitative analyses of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep continuous records until the seventieth

45、 century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore , the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than enslaving them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists direct observation. Ev

46、en so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the indigenous population. In 16161619 an epidemic, possibly of bubonic or pneumonic (肺的) plague (瘟疫), swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During the 1630s small-pox, the disease

47、most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820s fever devastated the people of the Coulumbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them. Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequ

48、ently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay. Quebec, affected 99 percent of the population and killed 7 percent,

49、even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have devastating consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community. （分数：-1.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：-0.20）A.refute a common misconceptionB.provide support for hypothesisC.analyze an argumentD.suggest a solution to a dilemma(2).According to the passage, virgin-soil epidemics can be distinguished from other catastrophic outbreaks of disease in that