剑桥雅思考试第13版第二套真题及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥雅思考试第 13版第二套真题及答案解析(总分：133.00，做题时间：175 分钟)一、LISTENING(总题数：4，分数：38.00)SECTION 1There are ten questions below，Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.South City Cycling ClubExampleName of club secretary: Jim_Hunter_Membership Full membership costs $260; this covers cy

2、cling and 【A1】_all over Australia Recreational membership costs $108 Cost of membership includes the club fee and【A2】 _ The club kit is made by a company called 【A3】_Training rides Chance to improve cycling skills and fitness Level B: speed about 【A4】 _kph Weekly sessions- Tuesdays at 5.30 am, meet

3、at the 【A5】 _- Thursdays at 5.30 am, meet at the entrance to the 【A6】 _Further information Rides are about an hour and a half Members often have 【A7】 _together afterwards There is not always a 【A8】 _with the group on these rides Check and print the 【A9】 _on the website beforehand Bikes must have 【A1

4、0】_（分数：10）(1).【A1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).【A2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).【A3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).【A4】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(5).【A5】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).【A6】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).【A7】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).【A8】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).【A9】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).【A10】（分数：1）填空项 1:_SECTION 2（分数：8）(1).There are six questions below.Choose the correct letter, A,

5、 B or C.How much time for volunteering does the company allow per employee?（分数：1）A.two hours per weekB.one day per monthC.8 hours per year(2).In feedback almost all employees said that volunteering improved their（分数：1）A.chances of promotion.B.job satisfaction.C.relationships with colleagues.(3).Last

6、 year some staff helped unemployed people with their（分数：1）A.literacy skills.B.job applications.C.communication skills.(4).This year the company will start a new volunteering project with a local（分数：1）A.schoolB.parkC.charity(5).Where will the Digital Inclusion Day be held?（分数：1）A.at the companys trai

7、ning facilityB.at a collegeC.in a community centre(6).What should staff do if they want to take part in the Digital Inclusion Day?（分数：1）A.fill in a formB.attend a training workshopC.get permission from their manager(7).Choose TWO letters，A-E .What TWO things are mentioned about the participants on t

8、he last Digital Inclusion Day?A.They were all over 70.B.They never used their computer.C.Their phones were mostly old-fashioned.D.They only used their phones for making calls.E.They initially showed little interest.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).Choose TWO letters，A-E .What TWO activities on the last Digital Incl

9、usion Day did participants describe as useful?A.learning to use tabletsB.communicating with familyC.shopping onlineD.playing online gamesE.sending emails（分数：1）填空项 1:_SECTION 3（分数：10）(1).There are five questions below，Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Russ says that his difficulty in planning the

10、presentation is due to（分数：1）A.his lack of knowledge about the topic.B.his uncertainty about what he should try to achieve.C.the short time that he has for preparation.(2).Russ and his tutor agree that his approach in the presentation will be（分数：1）A.to concentrate on how nanotechnology is used in one

11、 field.B.to follow the chronological development of nanotechnology.C.to show the range of applications of nanotechnology.(3).In connection with slides, the tutor advises Russ to（分数：1）A.talk about things that he can find slides to illustrate.B.look for slides to illustrate the points he makes.C.consi

12、der omitting slides altogether.(4).They both agree that the best way for Russ to start his presentation is（分数：1）A.to encourage the audience to talk.B.to explain what Russ intends to do.C.to provide an example.(5).What does the tutor advise Russ to do next while preparing his presentation?（分数：1）A.sum

13、marise the main point he wants to makeB.read the notes he has already madeC.list the topics he wants to cover(6).There are five questions below，What comments do the speakers make about each of the following aspects of Russs previous presentation?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct

14、 letter, A-G.CommentsA lacked a conclusionB useful in the futureC not enoughD sometimes distractingE showed originalityF covered a wide rangeG not too technicalAspects of Russs previous presentationstructure（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).eye contact（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).body language（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).choice of words（分数

15、：1）填空项 1:_(10).handouts（分数：1）填空项 1:_SECTION 4There are ten questions belowWrite ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Episodic memory the ability to recall details, e.g. the time and 【B1】_ of past events different to semantic memory - the ability to remember general information about the 【B2】_，which does no

16、t involve recalling 【B3】_ information Forming episodic memories involves three steps:Encoding involves receiving and processing information the more 【B4】_iven to an event, the more successfully it can be encoded to remember a 【B5】_，it is useful to have a strategy for encoding such informationConsoli

17、dation how memories are strengthened and stored most effective when memories can be added to a 【B6】_of related information the 【B7】_ of retrieval affects the strength of memoriesRetrieval memory retrieval often depends on using a prompt, e.g. the【B8】_of an object near to the place where you left you

18、r carEpisodic memory impairments these affect people with a wide range of medical conditions games which stimulate the 【B9】_have been found to help people with schizophrenia children with autism may have difficulty forming episodic memories - possibly because their concept of the 【B10】_may be absent

19、 memory training may help autistic children develop social skills（分数：10）(1).【B1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).【B2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).【B3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).【B4】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(5).【B5】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).【B6】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).【B7】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).【B8】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).【B9】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).【B10】（分数：1）填空项 1:_二、READING(总题数：3，

20、分数：40.00)READING PASSAGE 1Bringing cinnamon to EuropeCinnamon is a sweet, fragrant spice produced from the inner bark of trees of the genus Cinnamomum, which is native to the Indian sub-continent. It was known in biblical times, and is mentioned in several books of the Bible, both as an ingredient t

21、hat was mixed with oils for anointing peoples bodies, and also as a token indicating friendship among lovers and friends. In ancient Rome, mourners attending funerals burnt cinnamon to create a pleasant scent. Most often, however, the spice found its primary use as an additive to food and drink. In

22、the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford the spice used it to flavour food, particularly meat, and to impress those around them with their ability to purchase an expensive condiment from the exotic East. At a banquet, a host would offer guests a plate with various spices piled upon it as a sign o

23、f the wealth at his or her disposal. Cinnamon was also reported to have health benefits, and was thought to cure various ailments, such as indigestion.Toward the end of the Middle Ages, the European middle classes began to desire the lifestyle of the elite, including their consumption of spices. Thi

24、s led to a growth in demand for cinnamon and other spices. At that time, cinnamon was transported by Arab merchants, who closely guarded the secret of the source of the spice from potential rivals. They took it from India, where it was grown, on camels via an overland route to the Mediterranean. The

25、ir journey ended when they reached Alexandria. European traders sailed there to purchase their supply of cinnamon, then brought it back to Venice. The spice then travelled from that great trading city to markets all around Europe. Because the overland trade route allowed for only small quantities of

26、 the spice to reach Europe, and because Venice had a virtual monopoly of the trade, the Venetians could set the price of cinnamon exorbitantly high. These prices, coupled with the increasing demand, spurred the search for new routes to Asia by Europeans eager to take part in the spice trade.Seeking

27、the high profits promised by the cinnamon market, Portuguese traders arrived on the island of Ceylon in the Indian Ocean toward the end of the 15th century. Before Europeans arrived on the island, the state had organized the cultivation of cinnamon. People belonging to the ethnic group called the Sa

28、lagama would peel the bark off young shoots of the cinnamon plant in the rainy season, when the wet bark was more pliable. During the peeling process, they curled the bark into the stick shape still associated with the spice today. The Salagama then gave the finished product to the king as a form of

29、 tribute. When the Portuguese arrived, they needed to increase production significantly, and so enslaved many other members of the Ceylonese native population, forcing them to work in cinnamon harvesting. In 1518, the Portuguese built a fort on Ceylon, which enabled them to protect the island, so he

30、lping them to develop a monopoly in the cinnamon trade and generate very high profits. In the late 16th century, for example, they enjoyed a tenfold profit when shipping cinnamon over a journey of eight days from Ceylon to India.When the Dutch arrived off the coast of southern Asia at the very begin

31、ning of the 17th century, they set their sights on displacing the Portuguese as kings of cinnamon. The Dutch allied themselves with Kandy, an inland kingdom on Ceylon. In return for payments of elephants and cinnamon, they protected the native king from the Portuguese. By 1640, the Dutch broke the 1

32、50-year Portuguese monopoly when they overran and occupied their factories. By 1658, they had permanently expelled the Portuguese from the island, thereby gaining control of the lucrative cinnamon trade.In order to protect their hold on the market, the Dutch, like the Portuguese before them, treated

33、 the native inhabitants harshly. Because of the need to boost production and satisfy Europes ever-increasing appetite for cinnamon, the Dutch began to alter the harvesting practices of the Ceylonese. Over time, the supply of cinnamon trees on the island became nearly exhausted, due to systematic str

34、ipping of the bark. Eventually, the Dutch began cultivating their own cinnamon trees to supplement the diminishing number of wild trees available for use.Then, in 1796, the English arrived on Ceylon, thereby displacing the Dutch from their control of the cinnamon monopoly. By the middle of the 19th

35、century, production of cinnamon reached 1,000 tons a year, after a lower grade quality of the spice became acceptable to European tastes. By that time, cinnamon was being grown in other parts of the Indian Ocean region and in the West Indies, Brazil, and Guyana. Not only was a monopoly of cinnamon b

36、ecoming impossible, but the spice trade overall was diminishing in economic potential, and was eventually superseded by the rise of trade in coffee, tea, chocolate, and sugar.（分数：13）(1).There are nine questions belowComplete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.The E

37、arly History of CinnamonBiblical times:added to 【C1】_used to show 【C2】_ between peopleAncient Rome:used for its sweet smell at 【C3】_Middle Agadded to food, especially meat.was an indication of a persons 【C4】 _known as a treatment for 【C5】 _and other health problemsgrown in 【C6】_merchants used 【C7】_t

38、o bring it to the Mediterraneanarrived in the Mediterranean at 【C8】 _traders took it to 【C9】_ and sold it to destinations around Europe【C1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).【C2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).【C3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).【C4】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(5).【C5】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).【C6】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).【C7】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).【C8】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(

39、9).【C9】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).There are four questions belowDo the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisThe Portuguese had c

40、ontrol over the cinnamon trade in Ceylon throughout the 16th century.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(11).The Dutch took over the cinnamon trade from the Portuguese as soon as they arrived in Ceylon.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(12).The trees planted by the Dutch produced larger quantities of cinnamon than the wild trees.（分数：1）填空项 1:

41、_(13).The spice trade maintained its economic importance during the 19th century.（分数：1）填空项 1:_READING PASSAGE 2OxytocinThe positive and negative effects of the chemical known as the love hormoneA Oxytocin is a chemical, a hormone produced in the pituitary gland in the brain. It was through various s

42、tudies focusing on animals that scientists first became aware of the influence of oxytocin. They discovered that it helps reinforce the bonds between prairie voles, which mate for life, and triggers the motherly behaviour that sheep show towards their newborn lambs. It is also released by women in c

43、hildbirth, strengthening the attachment between mother and baby. Few chemicals have as positive a reputation as oxytocin, which is sometimes referred to as the (love hormone. One sniff of it can, it is claimed, make a person more trusting, empathetic, generous and cooperative. It is time, however, t

44、o revise this wholly optimistic view. A new wave of studies has shown that its effects vary greatly depending on the person and the circumstances, and it can impact on our social interactions for worse as well as for better.B Oxytocins role in human behaviour first emerged in 2005. In a groundbreaki

45、ng experiment, Markus Heinrichs and his colleagues at the University of Freiburg, Germany, asked volunteers to do an activity in which they could invest money with an anonymous person who was not guaranteed to be honest. The team found that participants who had sniffed oxytocin via a nasal spray bef

46、orehand invested more money than those who received a placebo instead. The study was the start of research into the effects of oxytocin on human interactions. For eight years, it was quite a lonesome field, Heinrichs recalls. Now, everyone is interested These follow-up studies have shown that after a sniff of the hormone, people become more charitable, better at reading emotions on others faces and at communicating constructively in arguments. Together, the results fuelled the view that oxytocin universally enhanced the positive aspects of our social natu