大学英语四级277及答案解析.doc
《大学英语四级277及答案解析.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语四级277及答案解析.doc(29页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、大学英语四级 277 及答案解析(总分:746.57,做题时间:130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数:1,分数:30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
2、 1有人认为读书要有选择 2有人认为应该博览群书 3我的看法 (分数:30.00)_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:1,分数:71.00)Wisdom Teeth Wisdom teeth are the last teeth to erupt. This occurs usually between the ages of 17 and 25. There remains a great deal of controversy regarding whether or not these teeth need to be removed. It is generally
3、 suggested that teeth that remain completely buried or un-erupted in a normal position are unlikely to cause harm. However, a tooth may become impacted due to lack of space and its eruption is therefore prevented by gum (齿龈), bone, another tooth or all three. If these impacted teeth are in an abnorm
4、al position, their potential for harm should be assessed. What are the Indications for Removing Wisdom Teeth? Wisdom teeth generally cause problems when they erupt partially through the gum. The most common reasons for removing them are: Decay Saliva, bacteria and food particles can collect around a
5、n impacted wisdom tooth, causing it, or the next tooth to decay. It is very difficult to remove such decay. Pain and infection will usually follow. Gum Infection When a wisdom tooth is partially erupted, food and bacteria collect under the gum causing a local infection. This may result in bad bream,
6、 pain, and swelling. The infection can spread to involve the cheek and neck. Once the initial episode occurs, each subsequent attack becomes more frequent and more severe. Pressure Pain Pain may also come from the pressure of me erupting wisdom tooth against other teem. In some cases this pressure m
7、ay cause the erosion of these teeth. When is the Best Time to Have Wisdom Teeth Removed? It is now recommended by specialists mat impacted wisdom teeth be removed between the ages of 14 and 22 years whether they are causing problems or not Surgery is technically easier and patients recover much more
8、 quickly when they are younger. What is a relatively minor operation at 20 can become quite difficult in patients over 40. Also the risk of complications increases with age, and the healing process is slower. Should a Wisdom Tooth be Removed When an Acute Infection is Present? Generally, no. Surgery
9、 in the presence of infection can cause infection to spread and become more serious. Firefly, the infection must be controlled by local oral hygiene (卫生) and antibiotics (抗生素). The Pros and Cons of Wisdom Tooth Removal Some Pros of Removing a Wisdom Tooth: Wisdom teeth may be hard to access with you
10、r toothbrush. Over time, the accumulation of bacteria, sugars and acids may cause a cavity to form in the tooth. If it is not restored with a filling, the cavity(洞) may spread and destroy more tooth structure causing severe consequences to the tooth and surrounding supportive structures. Due to the
11、difficulty of keeping these teem clean with your daily home care, bacteria and food debris remaining on the wisdom teeth may present a foul smell-causing bad breath. A wisdom tooth that is still under the gums in a horizontal position (rather than a vertical position) may exert pressure to the surro
12、unding teeth, causing crowding and crooked teeth. This also may occur if there is not enough space in the mouth for the wisdom tooth. This may warrant braces to repair the damage. Some Cons of Removing the Wisdom Teeth: Depending on the size shape and position of the tooth, removal can vary from a s
13、imple extraction to a more complex extraction. With a simple extraction, there is usually little swelling and/or bleeding. More complex extraction will require special treatment which may result in more bruising, swelling and bleeding. However, your dental professional will provide you with post tre
14、atment instructions to minimize these side effects. Following an extraction, a condition called “dry socket“ may occur. If the blood clot (凝结) that formed in the extraction area becomes removed, it exposes the underlying bone. This condition is very painful, but resolves after a few days. It is prev
15、entable by following the post treatment instructions provided by your dental professional. The longer you wait and the older you get, there is the potential for more problems to occur. This is because as you get older, the bone surrounding the tooth becomes more dense, making the tooth more difficul
16、t to remove. The healing process may also be slower. Post Operative Care: Do Not Disturb the Wound In doing so you may invite irritation, infection and/or bleeding. Chew on die oppo?site side for the first 24 hours. Do not Smoke for 12 Hours Smoking will promote bleeding and interfere with healing.
17、Do Not Spit or Suck Through a Straw This will promote bleeding and may remove the blood clot, which could result in a dry socket. Control of Bleeding If the area is not closed with stitches, a pressure pack made of folded sterile (消毒的) gauze (纱布) pads will be placed over die socket. It is important
18、that this pack stay in place to control bleeding and to encourage clot formation. The gauze is usually kept in place for 30 minutes. If the bleeding has not stopped once the original pack is removed, place a new gauze pad over the extraction site. Control of Swelling After surgery, some swelling is
19、to be expected. This can be controlled through the use of cold packs, which slow the circulation. A cold pack is usually placed at the site of swelling during the first 24 hours in a cycle of 20 minutes on and 20 minutes off. After the first 24 hours, it is advisable to rinse (漱口) with warm saltwate
20、r every two hours to promote healing, (one teaspoon of salt to eight ounces of warm water). Medication for Pain Control Pills such as Aspirin can be used to control minor discomfort following oral surgery. Stronger medicines may be prescribed by the dentist if the patient is in extreme discomfort. D
21、iet and Nutrition A soft diet may be prescribed for the patient for a few days following surgery. Following the removal of your wisdom teeth it is important that you call your dentist if any unusual bleeding, swelling or pain occurs. The first 6-8 hours after the extraction are typically the worst,
22、but are manageable with ice packs and non-prescription pain medication. You should also plan to see your dentist approximately one week later to ensure everything is healing well. It is very important to talk to your dentist about extraction procedure, risks, possible complications and outcomes of t
23、he removal of these teeth. The actual extraction may be done by a dentist or it may be referred to an oral surgeon, who is a specialist. This decision is based on the dentists preference and the unique features of each individual case. If you are unsure about whether or not to proceed with the treat
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
2000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 大学 英语四 277 答案 解析 DOC
