1、大学英语四级 277 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
2、 1有人认为读书要有选择 2有人认为应该博览群书 3我的看法 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Wisdom Teeth Wisdom teeth are the last teeth to erupt. This occurs usually between the ages of 17 and 25. There remains a great deal of controversy regarding whether or not these teeth need to be removed. It is generally
3、 suggested that teeth that remain completely buried or un-erupted in a normal position are unlikely to cause harm. However, a tooth may become impacted due to lack of space and its eruption is therefore prevented by gum (齿龈), bone, another tooth or all three. If these impacted teeth are in an abnorm
4、al position, their potential for harm should be assessed. What are the Indications for Removing Wisdom Teeth? Wisdom teeth generally cause problems when they erupt partially through the gum. The most common reasons for removing them are: Decay Saliva, bacteria and food particles can collect around a
5、n impacted wisdom tooth, causing it, or the next tooth to decay. It is very difficult to remove such decay. Pain and infection will usually follow. Gum Infection When a wisdom tooth is partially erupted, food and bacteria collect under the gum causing a local infection. This may result in bad bream,
6、 pain, and swelling. The infection can spread to involve the cheek and neck. Once the initial episode occurs, each subsequent attack becomes more frequent and more severe. Pressure Pain Pain may also come from the pressure of me erupting wisdom tooth against other teem. In some cases this pressure m
7、ay cause the erosion of these teeth. When is the Best Time to Have Wisdom Teeth Removed? It is now recommended by specialists mat impacted wisdom teeth be removed between the ages of 14 and 22 years whether they are causing problems or not Surgery is technically easier and patients recover much more
8、 quickly when they are younger. What is a relatively minor operation at 20 can become quite difficult in patients over 40. Also the risk of complications increases with age, and the healing process is slower. Should a Wisdom Tooth be Removed When an Acute Infection is Present? Generally, no. Surgery
9、 in the presence of infection can cause infection to spread and become more serious. Firefly, the infection must be controlled by local oral hygiene (卫生) and antibiotics (抗生素). The Pros and Cons of Wisdom Tooth Removal Some Pros of Removing a Wisdom Tooth: Wisdom teeth may be hard to access with you
10、r toothbrush. Over time, the accumulation of bacteria, sugars and acids may cause a cavity to form in the tooth. If it is not restored with a filling, the cavity(洞) may spread and destroy more tooth structure causing severe consequences to the tooth and surrounding supportive structures. Due to the
11、difficulty of keeping these teem clean with your daily home care, bacteria and food debris remaining on the wisdom teeth may present a foul smell-causing bad breath. A wisdom tooth that is still under the gums in a horizontal position (rather than a vertical position) may exert pressure to the surro
12、unding teeth, causing crowding and crooked teeth. This also may occur if there is not enough space in the mouth for the wisdom tooth. This may warrant braces to repair the damage. Some Cons of Removing the Wisdom Teeth: Depending on the size shape and position of the tooth, removal can vary from a s
13、imple extraction to a more complex extraction. With a simple extraction, there is usually little swelling and/or bleeding. More complex extraction will require special treatment which may result in more bruising, swelling and bleeding. However, your dental professional will provide you with post tre
14、atment instructions to minimize these side effects. Following an extraction, a condition called “dry socket“ may occur. If the blood clot (凝结) that formed in the extraction area becomes removed, it exposes the underlying bone. This condition is very painful, but resolves after a few days. It is prev
15、entable by following the post treatment instructions provided by your dental professional. The longer you wait and the older you get, there is the potential for more problems to occur. This is because as you get older, the bone surrounding the tooth becomes more dense, making the tooth more difficul
16、t to remove. The healing process may also be slower. Post Operative Care: Do Not Disturb the Wound In doing so you may invite irritation, infection and/or bleeding. Chew on die oppo?site side for the first 24 hours. Do not Smoke for 12 Hours Smoking will promote bleeding and interfere with healing.
17、Do Not Spit or Suck Through a Straw This will promote bleeding and may remove the blood clot, which could result in a dry socket. Control of Bleeding If the area is not closed with stitches, a pressure pack made of folded sterile (消毒的) gauze (纱布) pads will be placed over die socket. It is important
18、that this pack stay in place to control bleeding and to encourage clot formation. The gauze is usually kept in place for 30 minutes. If the bleeding has not stopped once the original pack is removed, place a new gauze pad over the extraction site. Control of Swelling After surgery, some swelling is
19、to be expected. This can be controlled through the use of cold packs, which slow the circulation. A cold pack is usually placed at the site of swelling during the first 24 hours in a cycle of 20 minutes on and 20 minutes off. After the first 24 hours, it is advisable to rinse (漱口) with warm saltwate
20、r every two hours to promote healing, (one teaspoon of salt to eight ounces of warm water). Medication for Pain Control Pills such as Aspirin can be used to control minor discomfort following oral surgery. Stronger medicines may be prescribed by the dentist if the patient is in extreme discomfort. D
21、iet and Nutrition A soft diet may be prescribed for the patient for a few days following surgery. Following the removal of your wisdom teeth it is important that you call your dentist if any unusual bleeding, swelling or pain occurs. The first 6-8 hours after the extraction are typically the worst,
22、but are manageable with ice packs and non-prescription pain medication. You should also plan to see your dentist approximately one week later to ensure everything is healing well. It is very important to talk to your dentist about extraction procedure, risks, possible complications and outcomes of t
23、he removal of these teeth. The actual extraction may be done by a dentist or it may be referred to an oral surgeon, who is a specialist. This decision is based on the dentists preference and the unique features of each individual case. If you are unsure about whether or not to proceed with the treat
24、ment suggested by your dental professional, it is a good idea to get a second opinion. If you decide after consulting with a dentist not to have any teeth extracted, they should be monitored at every dental visit. （分数：71.00）(1).Dentists have reached an agreement that wisdom teeth should be removed i
25、n case it leads to other problems.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The best time to remove the impacted wisdom teeth is between the ages of 14 and 22 years because surgery is technically easier and patients recover much more quickly.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).If there is an infection, the first thing to do is to
26、stop it before get the wisdom tooth removed.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Wisdom tooth may become the cause of bad breath.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Removing the wisdom teeth involves very complex extraction.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).After you get the wisdom teeth extracted youd better not spit or suck through a
27、straw.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).After your wisdom tooth is removed, you should rinse with warm water every morning for two weeks.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).If the position of the impacted teeth is abnormal, it is advisable to weigh_.（分数：7.10）_(9).Even if you have decided not to get your wisdom teeth remove
28、d, you still have to have them_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The painful time during the first 6-8 hours after the removal of the tooth can be controlled with_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.7:10.B.8:15.C.8:45.D.9:00.A.The snow has stopped.B.The wind has stopped, but its still snowing.C.Both th
29、e wind and the snow have stopped.D.Its snowing and the wind is blowing.A.$5. 00.B.$4. 50.C.$9. 00.D.$10. 00.A.Its even worse than people say.B.Its not as good as it was.C.Its better than it used to be.D.Its better than people say.A.Bobs.B.Toms.C.The womans.D.The mans.A.At a restaurant.B.At a concert
30、.C.At a flower shop.D.At a museum.A.That she owns a bookstore.B.That she is a librarian.C.That she probably has a book.D.That she doesnt like to read.A.In a garden.B.At a picnic.C.In a kitchen.D.In a market.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He wants to play basketball with friends from work.B.He wants to
31、 try out for the company baseball team.C.He wants to get in shape and compete in a cycling race.D.He wants to lose weight by taking fitness exercises.A.She cared much for her husbands gaining weight.B.She is concerned about her husbands health.C.She is afraid her husband will become a fitness freak.
32、D.She is worried her husband will spend too much time away from home.A.Her husband should see a doctor.B.Her husband needs to visit a fitness trainer.C.Her husband should start with a light workout.D.Her husband should go cycling every day.A.It is advantageous to the brains.B.It helps strengthen the
33、 heart.C.It is good for improving muscle tone.D.It helps develop mental toughness.A.Leaky roof.B.Thin walls.C.Noisy music.D.Parking spaces.A.Student.B.Housewife.C.Teacher.D.Clerk.A.5 hours.B.4 hours.C.3 hours.D.2 hours.A.Tune down the music.B.Talk with Jimmy.C.Fight with Jimmy.D.Study for the exam.A
34、.He hasnt got enough money.B.He cant lead an independent life at home.C.His mother has been out of a job for a long time.D.His mother doesnt like him.A.It is big.B.It is small.C.It is poor.D.It is quiet.A.His mother would ask too many questions.B.His mother would feel very angry.C.He is too young to
35、 bring a girl home.D.The girl is too short tempered.A.Very well.B.Just so-so.C.Excellently.D.Terribly.A.Found a job with a big firm.B.Tried to get a job.C.Gambled all the time.D.Became a manger.A.Just very easy.B.Not so hard.C.Simply a headache.D.Impossible.A.They are kept in open prisons.B.They are
36、 allowed out of the prison grounds.C.They are ordered to do cooking and cleaning.D.They are a small portion of the prison population.A.Some of their prisoners are allowed to study or work outside prisons.B.Most of their prisoners are expected to work.C.Their prisoners are often sent to special cente
37、rs for skill training.D.Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families.A.They are encouraged to do maintenance for the training centre.B.Most of them get paid for their work.C.They have to cook their own meals.D.They can choose to do community work.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The “1992 C
38、onsensus“, on the “one-China“ principle and its respective (36) 1 wording of both sides, was (37) 2in a meeting in November 1992 held in Hong Kong by the Association for Relations Across Taiwan Straits (ARATS) of the mainland, (38) 3by Wang Daohan, and the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) of Taiwan
39、, led by Gu Zhenfu. The consensus is that “both sides of the (Taiwan) Straits (39) 4to the one-China principle“ and orally explain the principle (40) 5. As (41) 6in trade, economy and other fields across the Taiwan Straits have kept increasing since late 1987, the Taiwan (42) 7adjusted its policy of
40、 “no contact, no (43) 8and no negotiation“ and set up SEF to contact and negotiate with Chinas mainland over problems that occur. (44) 9 At the start of negotiations about affairs concerning both sides of the Taiwan Straits, (45) 10, though the political content may not be discussed as long as the “
41、one-China“ stand is advocated, and the ways to express “one-China“ could be fully discussed. A Summary of the Wang-Gu Talks published by the SEF in August 1993 stated that the consensus by ARATS and SEF was quite clear: (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
42、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)I was at a gas station the other day, filling up my tank with gas. The owner of the little establishment was hovering nearby, and someone handed him some bills, remarking, “You probably prefer getting paid in cash, eh?“ Being a nosy sort, I turn
43、ed around to hear his response. He surprised me by saying that he greatly prefers that customers use credit cards. Huh? My understanding is that merchants who accept credit cards have to fork over to their hosting bank a fee and/or percentage of the sale for each transaction. Why wouldnt good old ca
44、sh be preferable? The answer took me aback, but upon a little reflection, it made a lot of sense: robberies. Gas stations, convenience stores, and other businesses are frequent targets of bandits. Many who work in these places have been shot and sometimes killed on the job. Its a serious problem. A
45、2002 article from the Christian Science Monitor cited “. an uptick in store-clerk murders in the past three years, jumping from 78 to 111 between 1999 and 2000 alone. A quarter century since convenience stores first started staying open round the clock, late-night clerking has become one of the most
46、 dangerous jobs in the country especially relative to the wages of roughly $7.33 per hour.“ A more recent Palm Beach Times article stated that, “Based on past numbers from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, its estimated that over 700 convenience store workers, particularly cashiers, will be murdered d
47、uring robberies this year in the United States. A convenience-store cashier job is the 10th-most dangerous occupation in the United States according to the U.S. Labor Department, which classifies being a convenience-store cashier job as more dangerous than being a firefighter. What can we do about this sorry state of affairs? Well, legislation has been proposed to require more safety training for these workers at risk. But taking a perhaps unusual approach, we may be able to help these workers if, the next time we find ourselves at our local 7-Eleven or Chevron station
