大学英语四级275及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级 275 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an Application for Admittance. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: Your role: Li Jin Your application should include: (1) 写明申请学校和所学专业。

2、(2) 提供申请人的个人资历。 (3) 索取申请学校相关的申请表等。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Al Gores “Inconvenient Truth“ Movie: Fact or Hype? The message in An Inconvenient Truth, the new movie starring former U. S. Vice President Al Gore, is clear: Humans are causing global warming, and the effects are de

3、vastating. Most scientists agree that the Earth is heating up, due primarily to an atmospheric increase in carbon dioxide caused mainly by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. But how accurate are some of the scientific claims made in the documentary? In an attempt to clear the ai

4、r, National Geographic News checked in with Eric Steig, an earth scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle, who saw An Inconvenient Truth at a preview screening. He says the documentary handles the science well. “ I was looking for errors,“ he said. “ But nothing much struck me as overblo

5、wn or wrong. Claim: According to the film, the number of Category 4 and Category 5 hurricanes has almost doubled in the last year. “This is true,“ Steig said. “There is no theoretical basis for the notion that this is a natural cycle. A study published in the journal Nature in August found that hurr

6、icanes and typhoons have become more powerful over the past 30 years. The study also found that these upswings in hurricane strength correlate with a rise in sea-surface temperatures. Ocean heat is the key ingredient for hurricane formation. Experts emphasize that neither Hurricane Katrina nor any o

7、ther single event can be linked to global warming. “ But,“ Steig said, “ the statistics show that such events are more likely now than they used to be and will become more likely in the future. Some scientists, however, believe that we are in the high-intensity stage of a decades-long natural hurric

8、ane cycle, which they say is primarily responsible for any uptick in storm activity. Still others arent even sure hurricanes are gaining strength. “ Ive got real concerns about whether this is a real change or whether its an artifact of the data,“ Christopher Landsea told National Geographic News in

9、 a story published in September. Landsea is a researcher with the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. He noted that scientists now generally use satellite data to gauge hurricane strength. This technique has greatly improved over the past 30 years, so earlier measurements may depict older h

10、urricanes as weaker than they actually were, he said. Claim: Heat waves will be more frequent and more intense as temperatures rise. “Theres no question about this,“ the University of Washingtons Steig said. “If the average is going up, the extremes have to go up as well. 2005 was the hottest year o

11、n Earth since the late 19th century, when scientists began collecting temperature data. The past decade featured five of the warmest years ever recorded, with the second hottest year being 1998. Claim: Deaths from global warming will double in just 25 years to 300,000 people a year. “ The exact numb

12、ers are, at best, an extrapolation from a heat wave that was experienced in Europe in 2003 ,“ Steig said. “However, there is no question that that heat wave was a major event and statistically very unlikely to have happened unless the statistics are changing. “ “ Since it did happen, the statistics

13、are changing-that is, the globe really is warming up. Claim: More than a million species worldwide could be driven to extinction in just half a century as a result of global warming. Steig says “ skeptical that climate change itself will cause this extinction so much as direct human impacts such as

14、land-clearing. “ But he noted that he hadnt read the latest studies, some of which do make such a claim. For example, a study published in Nature in 2004 predicted that climate change could drive more than a million species towards extinction by 2050. “ Climate change now represents at least as grea

15、t a threat to the number of species surviving on Earth as habitat destruction and modification,“ said the lead author of that study, Chris Thomas, a conservation biologist at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom. Claim: Global warming will also cause the introduction of new, invasive specie

16、s. “I take issue with the invasive-species linkage, because the human influence-directly, by transporting species around-I suspect is much more important than climate change,“ Steig said. Claim: Global sea levels could rise by more than 20 feet (6 meters) with the loss of shelf ice in Greenland and

17、Antarctica, devastating coastal areas worldwide. There is little doubt that sea levels would rise by that much if Greenland melted. But scientists disagree on when it could happen. A recent Nature study suggested that Greenlands ice sheet will begin to melt if the temperature there rises by 3C (5. 4

18、 F) within the next hundred years, which is quite possible, according to leading temperature-change estimates. “Its uncertain how much warmer Greenland would get, given a certain carbon dioxide level, because different climate models give different amounts of warming,“ said Jonathan Overpeck, direct

19、or of the Institute for the Study of Planet Earth at the University of Arizona in Tucson. But many experts agree that even a partial melting would cause a one-meter (three-foot) rise in sea levels, which would entirely submerge low-lying island countries, such as the Indian Oceans Maldives. Claim: T

20、he Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2050. Some climate models are more conservative, suggesting that there will be no summer ice in the Arctic by the year 2100. But new research shows it could take as little as 20 years for the sea ice to disappear. “ Since the advent of remote satellite

21、imaging, weve lost about 20 percent of sea-ice cover,“ said Mark Serreze, a research scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado. “Were setting ourselves up for very big losses this year. “ We think of the Arctic as the heat sink to the climate system,“ Serreze said. “ We

22、re fundamentally changing this heat sink, and we dont know how the rest of the climate system is going to respond. There is no doubt that as sea ice continues to melt, habitat for animals like polar bears will continue to shrink. （分数：71.00）(1).No scientist doubts the fact that the Earth is heating u

23、p.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The sentence “But nothing much struck me as overblown or wrong. “ means the documentary are fairly in accordance with the scientific truth.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The conclusion that upswings in hurricane strength correlate with a rise in sea-surface temperatures is accepted

24、by most scientists.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Christopher Landsea believes the argument that the hurricane strength has greatly improved over the past 30 years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The temperature in 2005 is higher than that in 1998.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Steig is also in favor of the opinion that glo

25、bal warming will cause species extinction.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Scientists can clearly predict the time when the Greenland will melt.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).It is possible that the ice on Greenland will begin to melt if the temperature there rises 1F within the next 100 years.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Acc

26、ording to the passage, an example of the low-lying island countries which would be submerged supposing the Greenland partially melted is 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).According to Mark Serreze, 1of sea-ice cover on the Earth have diminished since we began remote satellite imaging.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listenin

27、g Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Two blocks.B.Five blocks.C.Three blocks.D.Four blocks.A.He suggests that she buy the sweater in another color.B.He suggests that she buy a jacket instead of the sweater.C.He suggests that she buy the sweater at its original price.D.He suggests that she buy the sweater o

28、n Friday.A.It was cleaned.B.There was a large sale.C.The employees had to work very late.D.There was a robbery.A.Be a bad boy.B.Eat too fast.C.Go to a game.D.Skip his lunch.A.A salesman.B.A telephone repairmanC.A plumber.D.An electrician.A.She didnt understand what Eva was saying.B.Eva should have b

29、een more active.C.Eva didnt seem to be nervous at all during her presentation.D.Eva needs training in public speaking lessons.A.Whether to change his job.B.Asking for a higher salary.C.Accepting a new secretary.D.Getting a better position.A.He could help her with the problems.B.He could go out toget

30、her with her.C.She should go out for a while.D.She should do the problems herself.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.For a presentation at a seminar.B.For an assignment by her professor.C.For a thesis required by the course.D.For an understanding about Dickens.A.Because she always finds the lecture boring

31、.B.Because she has great interest in philosophy.C.Because she doesnt like the works of Dickens.D.Because she sees poor job opportunities with a degree of the course.A.Mary herself.B.Her professor.C.Her parents.D.Her friends.A.Supportive.B.Angry.C.Indifferent.D.Frustrated.A.Protection of intellectual

32、 property.B.To say “no“ to piracy.C.Luxury items and their prices.D.People and pirated products.A.It is illegal.B.It is bad.C.It is unfair.D.It is acceptable.A.Because he doesnt think it illegal to buy them.B.Because he thinks they are not sold for great profits.C.Because he thinks they are accessib

33、le to most people.D.Because he thinks they are as good as real things.A.To uphold his stand that there is reason in pirated stuff.B.To give a fact that “Ferraris“ is not for everyone.C.To present his argument that buying pirated stuff is not illegal.D.To tell the truth that pirated luxury items make

34、 people feel good.A.From March 25 to March 30.B.January 1.C.From March 25 to April 1.D.April 1.A.France.B.Scotland.C.England.D.America.A.In Scotland, people play jokes only in the morning.B.In England, April Fools Day is 48 hours long.C.In America, people play jokes only in the morning.D.In Scotland

35、, April Fools Day is 48 hours long.A.The animals thought Deer ran faster than Rabbit.B.The animals thought Rabbit ran faster than Deer.C.The animals thought neither ran faster enough.D.The animals couldnt tell which ran faster.A.The race was not very hard.B.The race was very hard.C.The Deer and the

36、Rabbit would have to run around a large tree.D.They would have to run on one side of the forest.A.It was very clever.B.It was stupid.C.It was dishonest.D.It was brave.A.She stopped being a homemaker.B.She became a famous educator.C.She became a public figure.D.She quit driving altogether.A.A motoris

37、ts speeding.B.Her running a stop sign.C.Her lack of driving experience.D.A motorists failure to concentrate.A.Nervous and unsure of herself.B.Calm and confident of herself.C.Courageous and forceful.D.Distracted and reluctant.A.More strict training of women drivers.B.Restrictions on cell phone use wh

38、ile driving.C.Improved traffic conditions in cities.D.New regulations to ensure childrens safety.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The lack of is the reason most people fail in attaining their goals. Many organizational analysts and (36) 1 consultants consider to be the (37) 2 key to success at both the or

39、ganizational and (38) 3 level. Success (39) 4 comes easily on the first try. What (40) 5 the successful from the unsuccessful is (41) 6. Successful people also fail (42) 7 but they do not let their failures (43) 8 their spirit. (44) 9. And again. And again. Until they succeed. (45) 10, usually passi

40、ng the blame on to someone or something else, and learn nothing from their experience other than perfecting their scapegoating techniques. Successful people expect periodic s, learn what went wrong and why, dont waste time looking for someone to blame, make necessary adjustments, and try again. (46)

41、 11. If you are not persistent, you will almost certainly fail. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Health in general terms includes many non-medical areas, such as housing and employment. As far as individual

42、is concerned, welfare benefits come in two main categoriesflat rate and supplementary. Flat rate benefits are those a person has an automatic right to (provided he or she has made a certain number of contributions to the Department of Health and Social Security). Unemployment benefit is one of these

43、. Supplementary benefits are based on a means test. In other words, they are benefits given, regardless of contributions made, where the government decides that an individual has insufficient resources for a minimum standard of living. These benefits can be in the form of allowances for rent and rat

44、es, special diet, heating and clothing. Such benefits have to be claimed and the individual has to give full details of all his or her capital assets and sources of income. Unclaimed benefits amount to approximately $ 100 million each year. The originators of the Welfare State idea were concerned to

45、 alleviate (使减轻) or remove what they saw as the evils of their time. Their efforts resulted in a great improvement in the standard of living and life expectancy in Britain. This progress in itself has simulated the increasing cost of maintaining the Welfare State. Over 45 percent of the health autho

46、rity expenditure on hospitals and community services is spent on care of the elderly. Yet there are indications that Beveridge calculated that less would need to be spent on people once they retired. Advances in medical knowledge have involved the use of expensive drugs and hospital procedures. Drug

47、 and alcohol abuse make increasing demands on the medical services. The present government is planning a new approach to the social security system, which accounts for nearly one-third of public expenditure. Changes in the movements pension scheme to encourage private schemes will start from April t

48、his year. Different ways of assessing need are planned. To enable closer monitoring and control, the DHSS has begun the biggest computerization program in Europe. Suggestions have been made by opposition politicians that the present movement intends to say “farewell“ to the Welfare State. Although all the major parties in Britain say they are committed to a caring society, theres a considerable difference in the means each would wish to use to achieve it. As the old saying goes, “only time will tell“. （分数：177.