大学英语四级15及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级 15及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter oat thanks. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你过生日时收到了 Lucy 让人送来的鲜花，写信向她表示感谢。信的内容应包括： 1. 表达感谢

2、之意； 2. 提出回报对方； 3. 期待对方做客。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Whats Happening While Sleeping? Sleep is very important to humans. The average person spends 220,000 hours of a lifetime sleeping. Until about thirty years ago, no one knew much about sleep. Then doctors and scientists began

3、doing research in sleep laboratories. They have learned a great deal by studying people as they sleep, but there is still much they dont understand. Scientists study the body characteristics that change during sleep, such as body temperature, brain waves, blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat. Th

4、ey also study rapid eye movement (REM). These scientists have learned that there is a kind of sleep with REM and another kind with no rapid eye movement (NREM). NREM is divided into three stages. In stage one, when you start to go to sleep, you have a pleasant floating feeling. A sudden noise can wa

5、ke you up. In stage two, you sleep more deeply, and a noise will probably not wake you. In stage three, which you reach in less than thirty minutes, the brain waves are less active and stretched out. Then, within another half hour, you reach REM sleep. This stage might last an hour and a half and is

6、 the time when you dream. For the rest of the night, REM and NREM alternate. Body movement during sleep occurs just before the REM stage. The average person moves about thirty times during sleep each night. Sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really sleeps. It is never actually blank. T

7、he things that were on your mind during the day are still there at night. They appear as dreams, which people have been discussing for centuries. At times people believed that dreams had magical powers or that they could tell the future. Sometimes dreams are terrifying, but they are usually a collec

8、tion of scattered, confused thoughts. If you dream about something that is worrying you, you may wake up exhausted, sweating, and with a rapid heartbeat. Dreams have positive effects on our lives. During a dream, the brain may concentrate on a problem and look for different solutions. Also, people w

9、ho dream during a good night s sleep are more likely to remember newly learned skills. In other words, you learn better if you dream. Researchers say that normal people may have four or five REM periods of dreaming a night. The first one may begin only a half hour after falling asleep. Each period o

10、f dreaming is a little longer, the last one lasting up to an hour. Dreams also become more intense as the night continues. Nightmares usually occur toward dawn. People dream in color, but many dont remember the colors. Certain people can control some of their dreams. They make sure they have a happy

11、 ending. Some people get relief from bad dreams by writing them down and then changing the negative stories or thoughts into positive ones on the written paper. Then they study the paper before they go to sleep again. Many people talk in their sleep, but it is usually just confusing half sentences.

12、They might feel embarrassed when someone tells them they were talking in their sleep, but they probably didnt tell any secrets. Sleepwalking is most common among children. They usually grow out of it by the time they become adolescents. Children don t remember that they were walking in their sleep,

13、and they don t usually wake up if the parent leads them back to bed. Some people have the habit of grinding their teeth while they sleep. They wake up with a sore jaw or a headache, and they can also damage their teeth. Researchers don t know why people talk, walk, or grind their teeth while they ar

14、e asleep. There are lots of jokes about snoring, but it isn t really funny. People snore because they have trouble breathing while asleep. Some snorers have a condition called sleep apnea (呼吸暂停). They stop breathing up to thirty or forty times an hour because the throat muscles relax too much and bl

15、ock the airway. Then they breathe in some air and start snoring. This is a dangerous condition because, if the brain is without oxygen for 4 minutes, there will be permanent brain damage. Sleep apnea can also cause irregular heartbeat, a general lack of energy, and high blood pressure. Most people n

16、eed 7.5 to 8.5 hours of sleep a night, but this varies with individuals. Babies sleep eighteen hours, and old people need less sleep than younger people. If someone continually sleeps longer than normal for no apparent reason, there must be something physically or psychologically wrong. You cannot s

17、ave hours of sleep the way you save money in the bank. If you have only 5 hours of sleep for three nights, you don t need to sleep an extra 9 hours on the weekend. And it doesn t do any good to sleep extra hours ahead of time when you know you will have to stay up late. What should you do if you hav

18、e trouble sleeping? Lots of people take sleeping pills, but these are dangerous because they are habit-forming. If you take them for several weeks, it is hard to stop taking them. Doctors say the best thing is to try to relax and to avoid bad habits. If you always go to bed and get up at about the s

19、ame time, this sets a good and healthy rhythm in your life. Caffeine keeps people awake, so don t drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have trouble sleeping if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed. Eat earlier in the evening. You may a

20、lso have trouble steeping if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is when you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax them. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are

21、 still tense. Then remember some pleasant experience you had and relive it. If you are thinking about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help take it off your mind. You can also get up and read or watch television. Be sure

22、 to choose a book or show that is not too exciting, or you may get so interested that you won t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. （分数：71.00）(1).This passage is mainly about the dreams and sleeping problems that we may have during sleep. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The third stage of NREM is

23、the time when you dream. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).One s brain becomes blank when he or she doesnt have a dream. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Emotional people tend to have more dreams. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Parents are not supposed to lead their sleepwalking children back to bed because that will wake them

24、up. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Relaxed throat muscles block the airway of a sleeping person and leads to his/her snoring. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).When one knows that he or she has to stay up late in the evening, he or she should sleep extra hours ahead of it. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Some people can make s

25、ure these dreams have _ by controlling some of their dreams. （分数：7.10）_(9).A lack of oxygen for the brain for 4 minutes will cause _. （分数：7.10）_(10).According to doctors, the best solution to sleeping problems is to try to _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.In a laboratory.B.In a d

26、rugstore.C.In a supermarket.D.In the dining hall.A.Stop bothering the woman.B.Take the books to the woman.C.Show the woman where the library is.D.Give her his books.A.The project demands more time.B.The project is only half done.C.She will finish it within four months.D.She has spent less time on th

27、e project.A.She didnt like the paintings there.B.She believed the painting course is too abstract.C.She had a good taste for the arts.D.She would like to have one of the paintings on display.A.The weather forecast is usually inaccurate.B.The typhoon is already a real thing.C.The weatherman used to b

28、e inaccurate in his forecast.D.The meteorologists are always correct.A.She is glad to lend her car.B.She refuses to lend her car.C.She will first insure the car before lending it.D.She doesnt know what the man is going to do with her car.A.He only focuses on what he is going to say.B.He is only inte

29、rested in his own work.C.He has poor hearing.D.He is always lost in thought.A.Two students.B.A student and a parent.C.A teacher and a student.D.A student and a supervisor.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Mating habits of squid and octopus.B.The evolution of certain forms of sea life.C.The study of marin

30、e shells.D.Survival skills of sea creatures.A.He didnt understand the lecture.B.He wants to borrow her notes next week.C.He needs help with a makeup exam.D.He was sick and unable to attend.A.Some sea creatures developed vertebrae.B.The first giant squid was captured.C.Some sea creatures shed their s

31、hells.D.Sea life became more intelligent.A.Shes worried about the seminar.B.The man keeps interrupting her.C.She finds it too hard.D.She lacks interest in it.A.The lecturers are boring.B.The course is poorly designed.C.She prefers Philosophy to English.D.She enjoys literature more.A.Karens friend.B.

32、Karens parents.C.Karens lecturers.D.Karen herself.A.Changing her major.B.Spending less of her parents money.C.Getting transferred to the English Department.D.Leaving the university.A.Pleasing.B.Careful.C.Wonderful.D.Suitable.A.Egypt, Greece and Rome.B.The Mediterranean.C.Its highway for trade and di

33、plomacy.D.All the lands on the shores of the Mediterranean.A.Ten decades.B.A quarter of century.C.One decade.D.One-tenth of year.A.171 kilometres an hour.B.10 kilometres an hour.C.65 metres an hour.D.Some 17 kilometres an hour.A.He ran a village shop.B.He worked on a farm.C.He worked in an advertisi

34、ng agency.D.He was a gardener.A.It was stressful.B.It was colorful.C.It was peaceful.D.It was boring.A.His desire to start his own business.B.The crisis in his family life.C.The decline in his health.D.His dream of living in the countryside.A.Vacations.B.Wages.C.Overcrowded classrooms.D.Paid sick le

35、aves.A.They want the teachers to resign.B.They want the teachers to return to work.C.They are very sympathetic toward the strike.D.They are refusing to comment on the situation.A.Parent Board.B.District Court.C.Teachers Union.D.School Committee.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Today I want to help you wit

36、h a study reading method known as SQ3R. The letters stand for five steps in the reading (36) 1: Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite. Each of the steps should be done carefully and in the order mentioned. In all study reading, a should be the first step. Survey means to look quickly. In study read

37、ing, you need to look quickly at , words in darker or larger print, words with (37) 2 letters, (38) 3 and charts. Dont stop to read complete sentences. Just look at the important (39) 4 of the materials. The second step is question. Try to form questions based on your . Use the question words who, w

38、hat, when, where, why and how. Now you are ready for the third step. Read. You will be reading the (40) 5 and important words that you looked at in the (41) 6, but this time you will read the examples and (42) 7 as well. Sometimes it is useful to take notes while you read. I have had students who (4

39、3) 8 to underline important points, and it seemed to be just as useful as note-taking. What you should do, whether you take notes or underline, is to read actively. (44) 9. The fourth step is review. Remember the questions that you wrote down before you read the material. You should be able to answe

40、r them now. (45) 10. Concentrate on those. Also review material that you did not consider in your questions. The last step is recite. (46) 11. SQ3R Survey, question, read, review, and recite. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensi

41、o(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A close analogy to a study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before he commits his vision to canvas(画布). The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the de

42、sign of research: it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fixes the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated. One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could he

43、lp in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency(少年犯罪). Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content area can not be mechanically transferred to anothe

44、r. A new application of them requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications which this study offers as its contribution. Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by us

45、ing a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches. The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous re searches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belon

46、ging to one or more of three broadly conceived types: social background study, family background study and personal motivation study. Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet not attempt was made in any of th

47、e studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that one of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating(使相互关联) their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner. （分数：177.50）(1).In the first paragraph, the author draws an analogy between _.（分数：35.50）A.doing research and drawing a pictureB.research finding and pictures perspectiveC.designing a researc