大学英语六级分类模拟题361及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 361 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)African Economic GrowthA. Good news for Africa, say the experts. Growth is healthy and broad-based, fuelled in part by infrastructure spending, domestic demand and trade. “A lot of people think growth in Africa is only d

2、riven by mineral wealth or oil-exporting countries, but we find that even countries that are not resource rich are still growing.“ said Angela Lusigi, an economist and policy advisor for the Regional Bureau for Africa in the United Nations Development Program. “This is mainly because of their agricu

3、ltural sector and growth in services including tourism and a little in manufacturing.“ Trade B. The report found that Africa“s main foreign commercial partner is Europe, which accounted for nearly 40 percent of African trade, while 25 percent was with Asia and about 12 percent with North America. Th

4、is year“s African Economic Outlook notes that African countries traded $81 million worth of goods among themselves in 2012, and that such trade is growing faster than the continent“s exports to the rest of the world. In the decade ending in 2010, inter-African trade experienced over 13 percent annua

5、l growth. C. Much of that trade is in light manufacturing of such goods as textiles, clothing, leather, building material, farm implements and wood products. Lusigi says there“s also strong domestic demand for manufactured goods, including television sets, phones and other mobile technology. She say

6、s many of these products can be made in Africa. Regional performance D. According to the report, two regionsEast and West Africaare leading the economic expansion, with over 6 percent growth. Ethiopia, with a nearly 10 percent growth rate, leads the pack in East Africa. Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda

7、are predicted to achieve rates of between 6.5 percent and 7.5 percentthanks in large part to agriculture, industry and services. Kenya, because of the financial sector and communications technology, is expected to reach nearly 6 percent. E. Economists expect vigorous growth in West Africa as well, w

8、ith a rate of over 7 percent over the next two years. While oil is an important source of revenue, other sectors are also showing promise. Nigeria is supported by agriculture, trade and information, and communications technology. Manufacturing is important to Ghana, and Sierra Leone is the fastest g

9、rowing country in the region because of its iron ore exports, agriculture and construction. F. In Southern Africa, Angola, Mozambique and Zambia have grown between 5 percent and 7 percent. With labour unrest and weak foreign export markets, South African growth is expected to be a bit slower, reachi

10、ng nearly 3 percent over the next two years. Reasons behind growth G. The report attributes growth in part to lower inflation, particularly in energy and food prices, and to cautious macroeconomic policies by African nations. They include efforts to reduce deficits by cutting spending, or limiting g

11、rowth, and improving tax collection. H. The report notes the country with the most impressive record of fiscal consolidation (财政整顿) is Zambia, which has nearly balanced a budget that just two years ago had a deficit of 11 percent of GDP. Other countries, including Egypt, Mozambique, Angola, and Came

12、roon, have met the economic downturn in recent years with greater spending and higher deficits. The funds that had been saved for emergencies helped provide a social safety net, including funds for health and education services. I. The report urges these countries to restore the funds that provided

13、a buffer (缓冲) against economic crisis, and also to create policies that ensure that everyone benefits from growth. “The report says the underlying macroeconomic framework is in place,“ said Luigi. A lot of countries are working to balance their budgets, they do not yet have unstainable debt, they ar

14、e managing their exchange rate, and right now a lot of countries are putting their focus in borrowing to investing in infrastructure, and this is happening not just in oil-exporting countries but even those not considered to be resource rich. J. “There“s been a lot of change where a lot of countries

15、 have stable macro and fiscal policies, and the next step is how to translate this stable framework into inclusive growth that touches the lives of peoplebecause we are seeing a lot of inequality. We have to see how growth can influence all people, not just one group.“ External Inflows K. The report

16、 says external inflows of cash to Africa have remained stable or are growing. Official development assistance (ODA)estimated to be about $55 billionremains an important life line for poor countries that lack sufficient foreign direct investment. L. Remittances (汇款) from Africans abroad have remained

17、 healthy. They have rebounded since the economic downturn in 2009 and are expected to reach about $67 billion this year. Remittances are now the largest single external flow of funds to the continent and an important contributor to education and health care expenses. The report quotes World Bank fig

18、ures showing countries with the largest increases in foreign funds are Sudan, Uganda, Burkina Faso, and Niger. It notes that funding from the foreign continues to play an import contributor to GDP in the Gambia, Lethoso, Liberia and Senegal. M. Following close behind revenues from remittances is for

19、eign direct investment, currently at nearly $40 billion. The report predicts that with sustained interest by investors in manufacturing and services, FDI could be more than $54 billion over the next three years. Henri-Bernard Solignac Lecompte, the head of the Africa Desk at the OECD Development Cen

20、tre in Paris, said “We also see a rise in greenfield FDI in some light manufacturing, some agricultural products processing and market-seeking investments of people who are putting together market-seeking investments. So, you have retailers like the South African firm Massmart investing in Eastern A

21、frica, signally that investors are increasingly recognizing Africa as not just a store of commodities, but also as a market“. N. The report says a decade of strong growth has reduced poverty in sub-Saharan Africawith the number of people living on less than $1.25 per day, falling from nearly 60 perc

22、ent to just below 50 percent. O. Continued growth, it says, depends upon the ability of countries to participate in so-called global value chainsas South Africa has done with manufacturing car parts. It also depends on creating an environment that attracts investors and a work force with the skills

23、that contribute to global manufacturing.（分数：20.00）(1).In the eyes of economists, West Africa is also very likely to have a strong growth because besides oil there also other sectors showing signs of growth.（分数：2.00）(2).There is more and more foreign direct investment in Africa which shows that inves

24、tors begin to recognize that Africa is a good market.（分数：2.00）(3).Due to labour unrest and weak foreign export markets, the growth in South Africa is thought to be a bit slower.（分数：2.00）(4).In order to keep continued growth, the country has to participate into the global value chain and create an en

25、vironment which attracts investors and skilful workers.（分数：2.00）(5).Remittances provide the largest external flow of funds and they playing an important role in education and health care expenses.（分数：2.00）(6).According to the report the most remarkable record of fiscal consolidation is Zambia which

26、has solved its big deficit two years ago.（分数：2.00）(7).According to the report, the reasons of Africa“s growth is partly owing to its lower inflation and their cautious macroeconomic policies.（分数：2.00）(8).The report found that Europe is Africa“s most important commercial partner and other partners in

27、cluding Asia and North America.（分数：2.00）(9).Much of the trade between Africa and its partners are about light manufactured products and there is also huge domestic demand for that.（分数：2.00）(10).The reports found that East and West Africa have the greatest economic growth and many countries in these

28、areas have achieved over 6 percent growth.（分数：2.00）Despicable Characters Are New HeroesA. In films and TV shows, despicable characters are taking centre stage. Nicholas Barber investigates why we love to hate villainsand what this says about us. B. From a distance, Maleficent seems like Disney“s mos

29、t daring film. The company, after all, made its fortune from sharp-voiced gnawing animals and charming princesses, so it“s quite a departure to take the nightmare-inducing character from Sleeping Beauty and turn her into a misunderstood heroine. Look a bit closer, though, and it“s clear that the com

30、pany is actually following a significant trend. In films and television series everywhere, villains are taking centre stage. C. In the past four years, two live-actions version of the Snow White storyMirror Mirror and Snow White and the Huntsman have featured an Oscar-winning A-lister in the role of

31、 the wicked stepmother. Meanwhile, three cartoons ( Megamind, and Despicable Me 1 and 2) have had a supervillain as their leading man. Mark Millar, the writer of Kick-Ass and Wanted, has scripted a novel about another supervillain, Nemesis , which is now being adapted into a film. And the makers of

32、the Spider-Man movies are planning two separate spin-offs dealing with Spider-Man“s arch-enemies, The Sinister Six and Venom . Villains, it seems, are the new heroes. D. “There is a long history of the romantic or glamorous villain throughout literature and film,“ says Dr Stacey Abbott at London“s R

33、oehampton University. “Universal horror films were built on the attractive and sometimes sympathetic monster, and Christopher Lee was a very alluring and fascinating villain for Hammer. E. But I agree that it is a particularly popular trope at the moment. The new series of Jaguar advertisements with

34、 Ben Kingsley, Tom Hiddleston and Mark Strong is an excellent example. The slogan is “It“s good to be bad“, and they“re all about glamourising the classic British movie villain. F. As the saying goes, the Devil has all the best tunes. And in the movies, the Devil usually has all the best lines, too.

35、 “In children“s media, especially, villains have always tended to be more interesting and more adult,“ says Dr Luke Seaber of University College London, the editor of the anthology Villains and Heroes or Villains as Heroes ? “There“s only so much one can do with a beautiful princess or a handsome pr

36、ince; whereas villains have a far wider range of moods and actions available to them. G. In that light, the current trend of cartoon villains appears to have something to do with a perceived shift in audience. Just as the Harry Potter books came out with “adult“ covers, other entertainment which was

37、 once aimed solely at children, such as cartoons and superhero movies, is now being aimed at adults, too. That“s why the baddiesmore interesting, wittier, ironic, knowingare taking on greater prominence.“ Serial killersH. But if villains are popular on the big screen, the small screen is where they“

38、re really at home. NBC“s Hannibal revolves around everyone“s favourite cannibal. A it could be something more abstract, like a certain place or a shape. “It was a long process because I didn“t know what to do at all. I was thinking of everything, the beach, red cubes, red circles.“ Eventually he fig

39、ured out that if he pictured a red cube in his mind, and then imagined that cube moving forward in his skull he could make the machine move forward. If he thought about that cube moving left, he could go left. H. “In my case it was quite easy,“ says Matzke, which prompts the rest of the team to laug

40、h. “The other guys are laughing because it“s not working for them,“ he explains. And that“s the human challenge in making something like this worktraining your brain to produce signals that the machine can interpret is really hard. Even Matzke, who was the natural in the group, said it took months t

41、o get confident enough to actually use a car or wheelchair. “I got confident to about 70%,“ he says “but you can“t get into a car and say, “I“m 70% confident“.“ After months of training, he was able to control a car through a course on a former airportwhere there would be no risk of collision should

42、 a stray thought pop into his head (the car is not approved for public roads when under mind-control). I. He“s not worried about the experience. “It“s not so weird,“ he says, “because we“ve already developed self-driving cars. If you“re sitting in a car that“s already driving itself, it“s not that w

43、eird to drive it with your brain,“ he says. J. But there are limitations. Right now, the instructions are binarythere“s no way to make a slight left, or a slight right. Nor is there a way to control the speed moving forward. You also need to maintain total focus and relaxation while driving. K. Such

44、 difficulties have already frustrated owners of thought-controlled prosthetic arms (假肢). Training to use these requires months of worka process many patients find tiresome. Some patients abandon the arm, saying it“s just too hard to use. L. Llarena wants to avoid the same thing happening with brain

45、driving, so they“re working on simplifying the system. It“ll rely less on ram-by-turn instructions from the brain, and more on allowing the brain to select locations and letting the chair or car do the rest. So, rather than steering the wheelchair around each individual turn, the user could simply t

46、hink the signal for “kitchen“ and the chair would take them there. M. In the future, implanting electrodes in the brain could allow much finer control, says Omar Mendoza, an expert in brain signal processing who works with Llarena. “You can get really good results in those cases,“ he saysalthough ev

47、en severely disabled people might be reluctant to have brain surgery to restore their mobility. N. Llarena and his team aren“t the only ones trying to develop cars and wheelchairs for people who can“t physically power them. A few years ago, Toyota worked on a brain-controlled wheelchair that users c

48、ould start, stop and turn with their minds. And one team recently got a race car driver behind the wheel again. Rather than using brain signals, he controlled the car by tilting his head and gnashing his teeth. O. So far, nobody is ready to release brain-powered cars onto the roads or wheelchairs in

49、to the home. Before that can happen, they need an easier system to use and more robust methods that can jump in when a driver gets distracted or confused. “On one side we have the programs, and on the other side we have the people who need to use these tools,“ Llarena say. “But in the middle we have the problem.“ That is the gap that future designs will need to bridge, certainly before you see a thought-controlled car overtaking you on the road. For now Matzke is one of the few people in the world who has hit the road with his mind alone.（分数：20.00）(1).There are some oth