大学四级-1793及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1793 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.越来越多的人采用“低碳”的方式生活2.低碳生活有很多益处3.低碳生活，我们应该Lead a Low-Carbon Life（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)The Kids Cant Help ItThey say you never escape high school. And for better or worse, science is lending some credibilit

2、y to that old saw. Thanks to sophisticated imaging technology and a number of longitudinal (纵向的) studies, were learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors. This emerging research sheds light not only on why teenagers a

3、ct the way they do, but how the experiences of adolescencefrom rejection to binge drinking (酗酒)can affect who we become as adults, how we handle stress, and the way we bond with others.One of the most important discoveries in this area of study, says Dr. Frances Jensen, a neuroscientist at Harvard,

4、is that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence, as was previously thought. Adolescent brains “are only about 80 percent of the way to maturity,“ she said at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in November. It takes until the mid-20s, and possibly later, for a brain to bec

5、ome fully developed.An excess of gray matter (the stuff that does the processing) at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learningthe reason were so good at picking up new languages starting in early childhoodbut also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environ

6、ment, both emotional and physical. Our brains processing centers havent been fully linked yet, particularly the parts responsible for helping to check out impulses and considering the long-term results of our actions. “Its like a brain thats all cheered up not knowing where it needs to go,“ says Jen

7、sen.Its partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to think of a stinging remark, or a biting insult, and so uninhibited in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate targeta former friend, perhaps, or a bewildered parent. The impulse to hurl an insult is there, just

8、as it may be for an adult in a stressful situation, but the brain regions that an adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just havent caught up.In a paper published last year in the Journal of the American Academy of Child researchers advise that working long hours for a year

9、 or more of high school could have even greater (52) effects. This doesnt mean that high school students shouldnt work at all, and in todays economic environment, many need to work part-time to help their families or (53) for college.Researchers note that parents, educators and employers should be (

10、54) to allow adolescents to work lots of extra hours during the school year. “Its a small differenceit wont turn you into a felon (罪犯) (55) , but it does have significant impacts in (56) of academic engagement, academic outcomes, drug use and delinquency(青少年犯罪).“A. boldB. cautiousC. competeD. contra

11、dictE. expectationsF. experiencedG. frustratedH) negativeI) occasionallyJ) overnightK) saveL)slightlyM) supplementN) termsO) treatment（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)Though it is becoming increasin

12、gly easy to move from place to place, our inability to communicate with one another gives rise to numerous misunderstandings and makes real contact between people of different nationalities impossible. Many attempts have been made to overcome this problem, but they have all failed. The fear of forei

13、gn influence and domination rules out the universal acceptance of any one of the existing major languages.Linguists(语言学家) have succeeded in making their artificial languages extremely simple so that they would be easy to learn, but their efforts seemed doomed from the start. The reason for this is t

14、hat there is no real incentive (动机) to learn an artificial language. There is nothing to guarantee that everybody is willing to make efforts; there is no assurance that the learner will have an adequate return for his toil. When people today undertake to learn a foreign language, they are not intere

15、sted only in speaking it.Mastery of a language makes available to the learner a great deal of worthwhile literature and many current publications. This is the biggest stumbling-block (障碍) of all for the artificially-constructed tongue. Having no literature of its own, all it can offer is a limited n

16、umber of translations which are valueless in themselves. Moreover, constant use over a long period would bring into being many “national“ dialects and the language would thus defeat its own purpose.Another serious objection is the fact that a language is shaped by use rather than by design. It is a

17、living thing which is constantly growing and changing. It takes hundreds of years before it can acquire richness and depth. In an artificial language, however, the meanings of works are rigidly defined. Inflexibility makes for an absence of subtlety, so that no really fine meaning can be conveyed. T

18、hough this quality might be admirable for scientific publications, it greatly impedes (阻碍) the formation of any significant literature. Latin(拉丁语) words are ideal in this respect, for it was a “dead“ language with a literature; an artificial one is “dead“ from the start. This makes it likely that ex

19、isting language barriers will remain with us for a very long time.（分数：44.50）(1).None of the existing major languages can work as a common language because _.A. people prefer to use their own languageB. there are too many of them to selectC. none of them is qualifiedD. people are afraid of foreign in

20、fluence and control（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(2).Why can it not be ensured that everybody is willing to command an artificial language?A. Artificial language is extremely demanding.B. People may not be rewarded for their efforts.C. Artificial language can only be spoken.D. People desire greatest returns by s

21、mallest efforts.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(3).Apart from speaking, people striving to learn a language are interested in _.A. translation of worksB. scientific advancementsC. culture and customsD. literature and publications（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _ would welcome artific

22、ial language.A. novelists B. scientists C. playwrights D. linguists（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the purpose of the author writing this passage?A. To compare and contrast common language and artificial language.B. To show the difficulty in making real contact between people of different nationalitiesC.

23、 To convince the readers that language barriers are difficult to eliminate.D. To illustrate the challenge of mastering a foreign language.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.十一、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：44.50)The legal limit for driving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 milliliters of blood, when te

24、sted. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, whether you have just eaten and what sort of drinks you have had. Some people might reach their limit after only about three standard drinks.In

25、 fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one or two drinks. Even if you are below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour for the body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. Or

26、, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, or you could even find that you are still over the legal limit. In addition, if you have had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one or two drinks in the early evening may well p

27、ut you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a set of moveable posts and the less able they were to do it!So the only way to be sure you are safe is not drink at all.Alco

28、hol is a major cause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, and road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a b

29、reathalyzer (呼吸分析器) test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you have been drinking does not just affect you. If you are involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might k

30、ill or injure.（分数：44.50）(1).The amount of alcohol a driver can drink before reaching the legal limit is _.A. 80 mg of pure alcoholB. approximately three standard drinksC. different from one to anotherD. exactly proportional to his or her body weight（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(2).When might a motorist be taken

31、 to court by the police for drinking and driving?A. When he or she has driven a vehicle after drinking any kind of alcohol.B. When he or she has drunk at least three standard drinks before driving.C. Only when tests show that he or she has 80 mg of alcohol in 100 ml of blood.D. When the police think

32、 that drinking has exerted influence on him or her.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(3).If a driver has drunk heavily in the evening, the next day he or she might be _.A. still drunk until lunchtimeB. unable to drive until the eveningC. over the legal limit in the morningD. unable to drive all the following day（分数：

33、8.90）A.B.C.D.(4).Why is alcohol thought to be a major cause of road accidents according to the passage?A. Every day, more than three drunk divers are killed in road accidents.B. Accidents caused by drunk driving account for a great proportion.C. Drinking affects peoples view.D. One in three motorist

34、s drink heavily.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the message the author intends to convey?A. The necessity of alcohol to be banned.B. The harmfulness of drunk driving.C. Alcohol and road accidents.D. More severe punishment for drunk drivers.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.十二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Sub-Saharan Afric

35、a has the worlds highest hunger rate. The United Nations says 30 percent of the people were undernourished(营养不足) last year. (67) a new report says African farmers also have (68) that could help the world fight hunger and poverty.Danielle Nierenberg from the Worldwatch Institute in Washington spent a

36、 year (69) 25 countries south of the Sahara. In Nairobi, Kenya, for example, Ms. Nierenberg (70) women farmers growing vegetables just outside their doorsteps in the Kibera settlement. The women use old sacks (71) with soil. They cut holes in the sides of the tall bags so air (72) to the seeds. The

37、women feed their families and sell their (73) . They use the money to send their children to (74) Last year, an (75) 925 million people (76) did not get enough to eat. Half of all people in the world now live in and (77) cities. Researchers like Ms. Nierenberg are looking increasingly at (78) ideas

38、to feed those who are undernourished.Farmers in the developing world lose between 20 and 40 percent of their harvest (79) it ever reaches market. Asma Lateef from the group Bread for the World says there are many reasons (80) food gets wasted. Farmers are (81) electricity and cold storage. They (82)

39、 good seeds and fertilizer. They lack good roads. Ms. Lateef says (83) like these keep farmers in (84) Danielle Nierenberg says more (85) needs to be paid to (86) harvests.（分数：70.00）(1).A. ThusB. MeanwhileC. ButD. Moreover（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. fearsB. ideasC. worriesD. fancies（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(3).

40、A. cultivatingB. exhibitingC. reportingD. visiting（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. foundB. exclaimedC. executedD. clarified（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. damagedB. filledC. fledD. dashed（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. getsB. drainsC. divesD. gears（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. herdB. fruitC. wheatD. surplus（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A.

41、 schoolB. stationC. companyD. travel（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. infectedB. eliminatedC. estimatedD. abolished（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. abroadB. worldwideC. aboardD. about（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. fromB. underC. overD. around（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. accurateB. creativeC. liberalD. primary（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(

42、13).A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. so that（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. thatB. forC. whyD. where（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. withoutB. inC. withD. upon（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. lackB. holdC. possessD. spread（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. propertyB. relationsC. qualityD. conditions（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. povertyB. sha

43、dowC. remedyD. plow（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. pressureB. tensionC. attractionD. attention（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. thrillingB. protectingC. underminingD. vanishing（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.十三、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：35.00)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brac

44、kets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.（分数：35.00）(1).He wanted his wife to take the job _(以便她有事可做).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).We preferred to postpone the meeting_(而不愿主席不在就开会).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3)._(他不但学习更努力了)，but he studied more efficiently.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4)._(无论我们正面对着多少诱惑)，we have to be o

45、urselves.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5)._(技术进步帮助减轻家务负担)is a fact accepted by all.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_大学四级-1793 答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.越来越多的人采用“低碳”的方式生活2.低碳生活有很多益处3.低碳生活，我们应该Lead a Low-Carbon Life（分数：106.00）_正确答案：(Lead a Low-Carbon LifeWith the environmental problems on our pla

46、net going from bad to worse, reducing carbon emission has become everyones responsibility. More and more celebrities and ordinary people have embraced the low-carbon lifestyle by paying close attention to carbon emission from daily life.Low-carbon life refers to a kind of lifestyle with low energy c

47、onsumption and carbon emissions. For one thing, it is significant in saving natural resources and energy such as forests, water and oil. For another, it can protect our environment by emitting less green house gases.To lead a low-carbon life, we have a long way to go to bridge the gap between recogn

48、ition and practices. For recognition, we need to pick up our long-standing Chinese tradition of frugality. And for practice, turning to public transit system for transportation is an advisable step. Leading a low-carbon life is anything but easy, nevertheless, everybody should do something for the earth we live in.)解析：from bad to worse越来越糟，每况愈下embrace.lifestyle采取生活方式