大学四级-1766及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1766 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.政府加大对太空开发的资金投入2. 有人认为政府应该加大对基础设施的投入3. 你的观点Should the Government Spend as Much Money as Possible Exploring Outer Space?_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How Geniuses WorkWithout a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was

2、 Isaac Newton, who invented Physics. He also played a big role in the development of Calculus (微积分学), which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of

3、pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35.The understanding of geniusAccording to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people. In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to strange behavior. And although

4、geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still.There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius. First, the genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone

5、with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value be a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a persons total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius. Second, genius is a big picture concept. Most scientific and medical in

6、quiries, on the other hand, examine details. A concept as subjective as genius isnt easy to quantify, analyze or study.So, when exploring how geniuses work, its a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. A genius isnt simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius

7、is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in

8、a productive or impressive way.Genius and the brainThe cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), the outermost part of your brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are your brains higher functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain. Your cerebral cortex is the largest part of

9、your brain, and its full of wrinkles and folds. If you removed and stretched out an adult humans cerebral cortex, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. Its divided into several lobes (圆形的突起), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how you think.

10、Researchers have so far only figured out a few things about how the brain affects intelligence. A 2004 study at the University of California found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brains total volume. The findings suggest th

11、at the physical attributes of many parts of the brain determine how smart a person is.A 2006 paper in the journal Nature theorized that the way the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itself. A persons cerebral cortex gets thicker during childhood and thinner during youth, Ac

12、cording to the study, the brains of children with higher IQs thickened faster than those of other children. Studies also suggest that, to some extent, children inherit intelligence from their parents. Some researchers theorize that this is because the physical structure of the brain can be an inheri

13、ted trait. In addition, the process of becoming really good at something both requires and encourages your brain to wire itself to handle that particular task better.Genius and intelligenceLike genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists study intelligence extensively. An entire

14、 field of study, known as psychometrics (心理测验学), is devoted to studying and measuring intelligence. But even within that field, experts dont always agree on exactly what it is or how best to analyze it. And while intelligence is central to genius, not all geniuses score well on intelligence tests or

15、 perform well in school.Intelligence testing has existed for thousands of years. The best known IQ tests started near the end of the 19th century. Today, IQ tests generally measure a persons memory, language and mathematical abilities. IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between

16、 90 and 110. A common perception is that anyone scoring above a certain numberoften 140is automatically a genius. But in spite of the existence of high IQ organizations, many scientists caution that there is no such thing as a genius level IQ.Many educators and researchers feel that, in general, sta

17、ndardized IQ tests do a good job of predicting how well a child will perform in school. Schools often use these tests to determine which children to place in gifted or special education classes. Most colleges and universities and some employers also use standardized tests as part of their applicatio

18、n processes.However, in spite of their prevalence, these tests are not safe enough. In general, some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower than people from other racial and economic groups. Critics contend that this makes IQ tests invalid. In addition, some researchers a

19、rgue that the concept of IQ is too limiting and doesnt really give a full view of a persons intelligence. They feel that intelligence is a combination of many factors.Genius and creativityTheres a big difference between being really smart and being a genius. While geniuses tend to be exceptionally i

20、ntelligent, they also use imagination and creativity to invent, discover or create something new within their field of interest. They break new ground rather than simply remembering existing information.Geniuses do not usually operate in isolation, either. Nearly all of them analyze the work of othe

21、r great minds and use that information to make new discoveries. Self taught geniuses, on the other hand, often explore information in unexpected ways, due in part to their lack of formal training. In either case, the ability to imagine new possibilities is as important as general intelligence.Like i

22、ntelligence, creativity and imagination can be difficult to isolate, quantify or explain. Some researchers believe that creative people have less potential inhibition than other people. Potential inhibition is the unconscious ability to ignore unimportant stimuli. Researchers think that creative peo

23、ple either receive more stimuli from the world around them or ignore less of it. This may also explain why creative people seem to be more prone to mental illness.The creativity of geniuses also relates to productivity and hard work. Sometimes, the most dramatic examples of genius involve people who

24、 produce their best work at a very young age. However, not every genius produces exceptional work early in life the way Einstein and Mozart did. Some, like Ludwig yon Beethoven, do their best work later in life.We may never know precisely where creativity comes from, why some people use their creati

25、vity more than others or why some people are most creative during specific times in their lives. We may not learn how one person ends up with the right balance of brainpower, intelligence and creativity to become a genius. But its clear that geniuses are central to advancements in science, technolog

26、y and understanding. Without geniuses, our understanding of mathematics, literature and music would be completely different. Concepts that we now take for granted, like gravity, planetary orbits and black holes, might still he undiscovered.（分数：70.00）(1).What do people think of geniuses in the tradit

27、ional way?（分数：7.00）A.They are wealthier than common people.B.They are harder to deal with.C.They think faster and better than common people.D.They are a little trickier than others.(2).What is one of the reasons that make it hard for people to study genius?（分数：7.00）A.Geniuses are all very strange an

28、d hard to get along with.B.Genius is a subjective concept.C.IQ test is not accurate in measuring peoples intelligence.D.High test scores in IQ test have little to do with real genius.(3).The several lobes in the cerebral cortex have the function of _ .（分数：7.00）A.handling the tasks about thinkingB.co

29、ntrolling your actionsC.dealing with speaking and hearingD.handling balance of the body(4).The study at the University of California in 2004 made a discovery that _ .（分数：7.00）A.how the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itselfB.the brains total volume had a greater influence

30、 on intelligenceC.the physical attributes of the body determine how smart a person isD.the volume of gray matter in cerebral cortex had a greater influence on intelligence(5).If a person is considered to be a genius, what scores does he need to get in an IQ test?（分数：7.00）A.Lower than 90.B.Between 90

31、 and 110.C.Between 110 and 140.D.As much as 140 or more.(6).What can be inferred from the fact that some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower in IQ tests?（分数：7.00）A.The questions in IQ tests are too difficult.B.The IQ tests are not safe enough.C.These people are not goo

32、d at taking tests.D.These people are less intelligent.(7).Why some self taught geniuses often make new discoveries in unexpected ways?（分数：7.00）A.Because their ideas are quite strange.B.Because they do not usually operate in isolation.C.Because they lack formal training.D.Because they often analyze t

33、he work of other great minds.(8).Some creative people receive more stimuli from the outside world or ignore less of it, so they are more likely to suffer from _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The creativity of geniuses is not necessarily related to a young age, but more related to their _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10

34、).Though there are still some mysteries about geniuses, its obvious that they have made great contribution to the advancements in _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：56.00）A.The ne

35、xt few days are supposed to be warm.B.The rain is not expected to last much longer.C.It cant get much better than it already is.D.Clouds and cool temperatures are expected.A.Hes not bothered by the noise.B.Hes happy to close the door.C.He prefers to leave the door open.D.Hes happy to talk to their n

36、eighbors.A.Jacks mother.B.Jacks father.C.Jacks daughter.D.Jacks wife.A.He would prefer calling her next week.B.He will let her decide about the next meeting.C.He would like to buy some refreshments for the meeting.D.He definitely wants to know about the meeting.A.He usually talks quietly.B.He usuall

37、y assigns homework.C.He didnt come to class today.D.He came to class late today.A.Because she has to work.B.Because she doesnt want to.C.Because she is going out for dinner at a restaurant.D.Because she is meeting someone in a restaurant.A.Its harmful for him to use his voice.B.He needs to see a doc

38、tor.C.He hasnt been taking his medicine.D.Its difficult to understand him when he whispers.A.He doesnt have any idea about what he wants to do.B.Hed like to work this summer.C.He wonders whether the woman has a job.D.He cant decide where to go on vacation.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversa

39、tion you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.For several months.B.For seven years.C.For a year or two.D.For several years.A.He likes to do things with his own hands.B.He wants to make things easier for Paul.C.His house was in a very bad shape when he bought it.D.He wants to save money.A.He has some mental

40、diseases.B.He is physically handicapped.C.He works at home.D.He cant move about without his wheelchair.A.To build an extension to the house.B.To put a device on Pauls wheelchair.C.To start a business on house alterations for disabled people.D.To redesign the kitchen.Questions 23 to 25 are based on t

41、he conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）A.She felt embarrassed in class.B.Her presentation received a poor grade.C.She had not completed her assignment.D.She was unable to attend her psychology class.A.Shed be able to leave quickly.B.Shed be less nervous.C.Shed be able to locate where the man

42、 was seated.D.Shed know when her professor arrived.A.They become nervous more readily than women do.B.Theyre uncomfortable performing in front of adults.C.They dont respond to stress well.D.They become nervous less frequently than adults do.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage 1Questions 26 to 29 are

43、based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.The first Olympics were held in 767 B. C.B.The games were held to honor Athena.C.The games were held every two years.D.All wars were ceased during the games.A.100-meter race.B.200-meter race.C.Wrestling.D.Marathon.A.Wrestling.B.Racing.C.Pole jump

44、ing.D.Boxing.A.They were offered free dinners for life.B.They were recruited as guards of honor.C.They traveled freely inside the state.D.They received awards in the temple of Zeus.Passage 2Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）A.Nearly 90 percent of groceries ar

45、e packed in plastic bags.B.Plastic bags are used everywhere in the world.C.Almost one trillion plastic bags are used each year.D.Plastic bags contain poisonous chemicals.A.Plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down.B.Plastic bags are sighted in Arctic Ocean and close to Antarctica.C.Plastic b

46、ags have been washed up in Antarctica.D.Plastic bags are killing many sea turtles.A.Place a tax on plastic bags.B.Start using paper bags.C.Start using reusable bags.D.Use biodegradable bags.Passage 3Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）A.The Russian name for the

47、 spacecraft means “traveler“.B.It was launched toward the end of the 1950s.C.It was resulted from Soviet and American scientists.D.The spacecraft was a small aluminum ball fitted with a radio.A.How to make a powerful rocket engine.B.How to ensure the safety of the crew.C.How to choose qualified crew

48、men for the trip.D.How to enable the spacecraft break free of gravity.A.They built a much lighter rocket.B.They built a much faster rocket.C.They loaded the rocket with enough fuel.D.They built a multistage rocket.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)In the United States the cost of living has been steadily r

49、ising for the past few decades. Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees are (36) getting higher and higher. Partly because of (37) need, and partly because of career choices for personal (38) , mothers have been leaving the (39) role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been going out of home a