大学四级-1548及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1548 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择；2也有人坚持在国内也能实现自已的理想；3. 我的看法。On Overseas Study（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Industrial RevolutionThe economic developmentIndustrial Revolution was a widespread replacement of manual labor by mac

2、hines that began in Britain in the 18th century and is still continuing in some parts of the world. The Industrial Revolution was the result of many fundamental, interrelated changes that transformed agricultural economies into industrial ones. The most immediate changes were in the nature of produc

3、tion: what was produced, as well as where and how. Goods that had traditionally been made in the home or in small workshops began to be manufactured in the factory. Productivity and technical efficiency grew dramatically, in part through the systematic application of scientific and practical knowled

4、ge to the manufacturing process. Efficiency was also enhanced when large groups of business enterprises were located within a limited area. The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of cities as people moved from rural areas into urban communities in search of work.The social changesThe changes br

5、ought by the Industrial Revolution overturned not only traditional economies, but also whole societies. Economic changes caused far-reaching social changes, including the movement of people to cities, the availability of a greater variety of material goods, and new ways of doing business. The Indust

6、rial Revolution was the first step in modem economic growth and development. Economic development was combined with superior military technology to make the nations of Europe and other counterparts, such as the United States, the most powerful in the world in the 18th and 19th centuries.The Industri

7、al Revolution began in Great Britain during the last half of the 18th century and spread through regions of Europe and to the United States during the following century. In the 20th century industrialization on a wide scale extended to parts of Asia and the Pacific Rim. Today mechanized production a

8、nd modern economic growth continue to spread to new areas of the world, and much of humankind has yet to experience the changes typical of the Industrial Revolution.The Industrial Revolution is called a revolution because it changed society both significantly and rapidly. Over the course of human hi

9、story, there has been only one other group of changes as significant as the Industrial Revolution. This is what anthropologists call the Neolithic (新石器时代的) Revolution, which took place in the later part of the Stone Age. In the Neolithic Revolution, people moved from social systems based on hunting

10、and gathering to much more complex communities that depended on agriculture and the domestication of animals. The Industrial Revolution brought a shift from the agricultural societies created during the Neolithic Revolution to modern industrial societies.The social changes brought about by the Indus

11、trial Revolution were significant. As economic activities in many communities moved from agriculture to manufacturing, production shifted from its traditional locations in the home and the small workshop to factories. Large portions of the population relocated from the countryside to the towns and c

12、ities where manufacturing centers were found. The overall amount of goods and services produced expanded dramatically, and the proportion of capital invested per worker grew. New groups of investors, businesspeople, and managers took financial risks and reaped (收获, 得到) great rewards.In the long run

13、the Industrial Revolution has brought economic improvement for most people in industrialized societies. Many enjoy greater prosperity and improved health, especially those in the middle and the upper classes of society. There have been costs, however. In some cases, the lower classes of society have

14、 suffered economically. Industrialization has brought factory pollutants and greater land use, which have harmed the natural environment. In particular, the application of machinery and science to agriculture has led to greater land use and, therefore, extensive loss of habitat for animals and plant

15、s. In addition, drastic population growth following industrialization has contributed to the decline of natural habitats and resources. These factors, in turn, have caused many species to become extinct or endangered.The foundation in EuropeEver since the Renaissance, Europeans had been inventing an

16、d using even more complex machinery. Particularly important were improvements in transportation, such as faster ships, and communication, especially printing. These improvements played a key role in the development of the Industrial Revolution by encouraging the movement of new ideas and mechanisms,

17、 as well as the people who knew how to build and run them.Great Britain leads the wayThen, in the 18th century in Britain, new production methods were introduced in several key industries, dramatically altering how these industries functioned. These new methods included different machines, fresh sou

18、rces of power and energy, and novel forms of organizing business and labor. For the first time technical and scientific knowledge was applied to business practices on a large scale Humankind had begun to develop mass production. The result was an increase in material goods, usually selling for lower

19、 prices than before.The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because social, political, and legal conditions there were particularly favorable to change. Property rights, such as those for patents (专利权) on mechanical improvements, were well established. More importantly, the predictable, sta

20、ble rule of law in Britain meant that monarchs and aristocrats were less likely to arbitrarily seize earnings or impose taxes than they were in many other countries. As a result, earnings were safer, and ambitious businesspeople could gain wealth, social prestige, and power more easily than could pe

21、ople on the European continent. These factors encouraged risk taking and investment in new business ventures, both crucial to economic growth.In addition, Great Britains government pursued a relatively hands-off economic policy. This free- market approach was made popular through Scottish philosophe

22、r and economist Adam Smith and his book The Wealth of Nations (1776). The hands-off policy permitted fresh methods and ideas to flourish with little interference or regulation.Britains nurturing social and political setting encouraged the changes that began in a few trades to spread to others. Gradu

23、ally the new ways of production transformed more and more parts of the British economy, although older methods continued in many industries. Several industries played key roles in Britains industrialization. Iron and steel manufacture, the production of steam engines, and textiles were all powerful

24、influences.Modern industry requires power to run its machinery. During the development of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, coal was the main source of power. Even before the 18th century, some British industries had begun using the countrys plentiful coal supply instead of wood, which was much

25、scarcer. Coal was adopted by the metalworking, glass and ceramics (制陶业) industries, demonstrating its potential for use in many industrial processes.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives an overall view of the Industrial Revolution around the world.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Cities developed rapidly due to the m

26、igration upsurge in the Industrial Revolution.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Great changes took place in the social aspect with the rising economy, but business transactions were still performed traditionally.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The Neolithic Revolution led to the establishment of permanent settlements and, ev

27、entually, urban civilizations.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Economic benefit was only available to the rich people and the upper class in the process of industrialization.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The environment was destroyed as a result of population explosion with the advancing of industrialization.（分数：7.00）填空项

28、1:_(7).The Industrial Revolution witnessed the extensive use of theoretical knowledge in practice.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Besides economic growth, some great European powers ascended in the Industrialization Revolution because of their _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The wide adoption of Britains hands-off policy

29、 was promoted by the thoughts of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In the Industrial Revolution, the factories in Britain took _ as the most important energy source for electricity.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation yo

30、u have just heard.（分数：56.00）(1).A) Happy. C) Angry.B) Tired. D) Sad.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) He found it fascinating. C) It took a long time to finish the show.B) You have to be dressed formally there. D) They should leave soon.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Pay for some of the food. C) Take Gary to picnic

31、some other time.B) Insist on buying food themselves. D) Thank Gary for his buying food.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.They need to turn right ahead.B.She agrees with the man on where State Street is.C.They found no left turn at the last intersection.D.The msn missed the turn.(5).A) He did meet the director toda

32、y, C) The director was at home,B) He met the director at the theater. D) He didnt see the director,（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.He should look at the desk.B.He should go to the doctor.C.He should relax a little hit.D.He should have found some one for help.A.She wants to see the man immediately.B.She isnt sure

33、 which train shell be on.C.It takes an hour to get there by train.D.Shell leave the railway station at 6:30.A.Theres no job for anyone to do.B.Nobody will work with the committee.C.The woman knows the committee members.D.The woman should be on the committee herself.Questions 19 to 21 are based on th

34、e conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A) Food canning. C) A new snack food.B) Kinds of fish. D) A food flavoring.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) Its colors. C) Its sales.B) Its texture. D) Its taste.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) To keep it longer. C) To make it rougher.B) To give it a particular taste.

35、 D) To fasten the process.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A) Hospital staff only. C) Many Packer Hall residents.B) Many officials. D) The art students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.By collections made at hospital.B.By money from sponsors.C.By

36、the funds from local hospitals.D.By contributions based on the number of miles walked.(3).A) One dollar. C) 25 cents.B) Two dollars. D) 20 cents.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.Joe will keep it for himself.B.It will be used for a new hospital.C.It will be used by the participants.D.It will be shared by the parti

37、cipants and the hospital.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They reported their research on American astronomy.B.They reported their finding on the color of the universe.C.They reported their experiment on various star sy

38、stems.D.They reported their invention of a color identification software.(2).A) Light green. C) Milky white.B) Dark blue. D) Colorless.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.Because the American Astronomical Society offered wrong data.B.Because they included the wrong star systems in their observation.C.Because they we

39、re misled by newspapers and television reports.D.Because there is a mistake in the computer software they used.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Because economics is as irregular as weather.B.Because economics is as important as weather to our dai

40、ly life.C.Because economics condition can be judged according to weather.D.Because it is not easy to predict the future condition of economics.A.They use unemployment rates to judge the decline measured by the index.B.They use the interest rates to confirm the growth of economy.C.They use percentage

41、 to represent the changes weighed by the index.D.They use stocks as the measurement of development in market.A.Unemployment rates.B.Manufacturing rates,C.Interest rates,D.Peoples expectations of the economy.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It m

42、eans to take a risk to save the giraffes(长颈鹿) lives.B.It means to take a risk for the welfare of other people.C.It means m search everywhere for the benefit for oneself.D.It means to search for the good examples for others to follow.A.Because of his contribution to the children as a dentist.B.Becaus

43、e of his efforts as a teacher of photograph taking.C.Bemuse of his connection with children throughout the world by means of photography.D.Because of his dedication to the tooth health of the children all over the world.A.Mr. Khamisas son was killed by Mr. Felixs grandson.B.Mr. Khamisa put Mr. Felix

44、s grandson into prison.C.Mr. Khamisas son and Mr. Felixs grandson belong to the same street gang.D.Mr. Khamisa and Mr. Fdix are working together to fight against robbery.A.To warn young people off resorting to violence.B.To raise the reputation of the Giraffe Project.C.To reward them so as to help t

45、hem financially.D.To present them as models for other people to learn from.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Lets turn our focus now to (36) . We all know what an advertisement is. It is essentially a message that (37) something for sale.Now, there is an important precondition that must exist before you ha

46、ve advertising. That is a large supply of (38) goods, that is, things to sell. You see, in a place where a demand for a product is (39) than the supply, theres no need to advertise. The early form of advertising goes back to many hundreds of years ago with a simple sign. There were shop doors that t

47、old you whether the shop was a bakery, a (40) shop or whatever. Then was the introduction of the printing craze. Advertising increased substantially as printings for products like coffee, tea and chocolate appeared in newspapers and other (41) as well as on the side of buildings. In the American (42

48、) , advertising in communications media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in (43) goods and services. By modern standards, (44) not the splash sheet or the whole page spreads of today. Still some of them appeared on the front page of newspapers, (45) , but the ads were current or local. Advertising really came into its own and became a central part of doing business during the industry revolution. Suddenly there was a much greater supply of things to sell. And as we said earlier, (46) Peoples attention had been drawn to the new product. Lets take a look at some of the adv