TOEFL(托福)4及答案解析.doc

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1、TOEFL(托福)4 及答案解析(总分：39.81，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part Structure (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.When _ from milk, the remainder is called skim milk.（分数：1.00）A.all the butterfat is removedB.removing all the butterfat thatC.is all the butterfat removedD.the removal of all the butterfat2.An unconsolidated aggregate of silt

2、particles is also termed silt, _ a consolidated aggregate is called siltstone.（分数：1.00）A.whichB.whyC.whereasD.whether3.One of the basic principles of wildlife conservation involves _ adequate natural food and shelter to maintain populations of each species in a given habitat.（分数：1.00）A.the provision

3、B.that provisionC.to provideD.providing4.By focusing on the interesting, _ the significant, the penny press newspapers of the 1830s helped to change the concept of news.（分数：1.00）A.which does not necessarilyB.not necessarilyC.was not necessarilyD.nor necessarily being5.Despite its fishlike form, the

4、whale is _ and will drown if submerged too long.（分数：1.00）A.an animal breathes air thatB.an animal that breathes airC.an animal breathes airD.that an animal breathes air6.A mobile is a sculpture constructed of pans so delicately connected and balanced_the entire suspended structure may be moved by vi

5、bration or manual manipulation.（分数：1.00）A.in orderB.makingC.withD.that7.In Earths infancy, its surface was warm enough for life _ the young Sun was fainter than it is today.（分数：1.00）A.in spite ofB.whetherC.neither of whichD.even though8._. widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is pr

6、incipally consumed by the glass industry.（分数：1.00）A.DespiteB.WhetherC.ThoughD.Except for9.From the archeologists perspective, understanding the past is vitally important and requires _ of earlier cultures.（分数：1.00）A.the ruins examinedB.examining the ruinsC.of the ruins to be examinedD.that the exami

7、ned ruins10.Though a respected educator, Alexander Graham Bell _ the inventor of the telephone.（分数：1.00）A.as is best knownB.best known as isC.is best known asD.best is known as11.If Earth did not rotate, differences in air pressure would be _, with winds blowing from high-pressure to low-pressure ar

8、eas.（分数：1.00）A.primary air flow to causeB.the primary cause of air flowC.they primarily cause air flowD.air flow has a primary cause12.Cells,first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered_in the nineteenth century.（分数：1.00）A.them as microcosm of living organismsB.the microcosm o

9、f living organismsC.the microcosm of living organisms to beD.as which, the microcosm of living organisms13.Manipulation of the spinal column, massage, and dietary adjustments _ used in chiropractic therapy.（分数：1.00）A.the principal methods areB.are the principal methodsC.how are the principal methods

10、D.are there the principal methods14.The invention of the compound microscope (which allowed much higher magnification through multiple lenses) made _ the great strides in life sciences.（分数：1.00）A.it possibleB.possiblyC.possibleD.it was possible15.Medical research at the cellular level, _research on

11、the immune system, has been made possible through twentieth-century advances in techniques of genetic research.（分数：1.00）A.whichB.whereasC.such asD.is also二、Section B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.(By) the late (twelve) century, stained glass (had emerged) in Europe (as an) integral part of Gothic architecture.

12、（分数：1.00）A.ByB.twelveC.had emergedD.as an17.Cement is produced (commercially) by (to heat) a mixture of limestone and clay (in a) large,(slowly rotating) cylindrical furnace.（分数：1.00）A.commerciallyB.to heatC.in aD.slowly rotating18.The St. Louis Post-Dispatch (was) founded in 1878 (and by) 1881 (had

13、 become)the (most largest) evening newspaper in the city.（分数：1.00）A.wasB.and byC.had becomeD.most largest19.In Connecticut, (hundreds) of houses (dating from) the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are preserved by more (as) 100 (local or national) historical societies.（分数：1.00）A.hundredsB.dating

14、fromC.asD.local or national20.(By) the end of the nineteenth century, organic chemistry had (develop) new (methods) for the (synthesis) of dyes, perfumes, explosives, and medicines.（分数：1.00）A.ByB.developC.methodsD.synthesis21.Twenty minutes of (vigorous) exercise every day is very (effect) in (helpi

15、ng) a person to (maintain) physical fitness.（分数：1.00）A.vigorousB.effectC.helpingD.maintain22.Basalt, (which )composes (most) of the ocean (floor), is a dark-grey rock (rich )in iron and magnesium than most surface rocks.（分数：1.00）A.whichB.mostC.floorD.rich23.Unique (among) bivalves, scallops swim ext

16、remely (well), propelled by jets of water expelled while (snapped) the shell (shut).（分数：1.00）A.amongB.wellC.snappedD.shut24.(Cameras) of one type or (another) have been (using) for more than (a) hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.CamerasB.anotherC.usingD.a25.(More than) 800 major oil (companv) (have) plants a

17、nd offices in Tulsa, Oklahoma, (the site) of the international petroleum exposition.（分数：1.00）A.More thanB.companvC.haveD.the site26.Bacteria and (similar) one-celled organisms reproduce by cell division, each of the daughter (cell) then (beginning) a new life (as a) distinct organism.（分数：1.00）A.simi

18、larB.cellC.beginningD.as a27.(Some fish) have whiskers, which are sensory organs used (for touching) and tasting, and which (are helpful) when (are they) searching for food in sand and mud.（分数：1.00）A.Some fishB.for touchingC.are helpfulD.are they28.The progressive Movement is an umbrella tern (refer

19、) to (a number of) reform (efforts) that (emerged) in the early 1900s（分数：1.00）A.referB.a number ofC.effortsD.emerged29.In addition to their (usefulness) as scavengers, birds are of (enormous value) to humans (because) of they eat insects and control the (spread) of weeds.（分数：1.00）A.usefulnessB.enorm

20、ous valueC.becauseD.spread30.The economic (heart) of Canada, Ontario (accounts for) more than 40 (percentage) of the nations productive (capacity).（分数：1.00）A.heartB.accounts forC.percentageD.capacity三、Part I Listening (总题数：3，分数：3.00)A.Recently discovered manuscriptsB.Similarities among religionsC.Me

21、thods of analyzing ancient manuscriptsD.How ancient manuscripts are preservedA.The simplicity of their languageB.Their ageC.The location of their discoveryD.The material they are made ofA.Orally preserved teachingsB.A collection of lettersC.A diaryD.A scholarly articleA.Ancient settlers in AsiaB.How

22、 Buddhism is practiced todayC.The spread of Buddhism in AsiaD.Why some languages disappearA.The language they are written in is not widely known.B.They cannot be moved from where they were foundC.The writing in them has fadedD.Many people want credit for the discovery.A.How the President proposes ne

23、w laws.B.How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress.C.How the President can reject a proposed law.D.How lawmakers can force the President to sign a bill.A.Why the President opposes a bill.B.How lawmakers want to revise a bill.C.Why a deadline has not been met.D.When lawmakers plan to end their se

24、ssion.A.They send the message to the President within ten days.B.They officially state reasons for rejecting the message.C.They meet with the President.D.They revise the vetoed bill.A.The bill becomes law immediately.B.The bill cant become law unless the whole process begins again.C.Lawmakers must r

25、eview the bill within ten days.D.The President must sign the bill if its passed again.A.Just after a new President is elected.B.Just before Congress takes any short break.C.When Congress has just ended an entire session.D.Anytime during a session of Congress.A.Theories of how the universe evolvedB.S

26、imilarities between the planets in the solar systemC.Reason for the high density of earthD.Theories of the origin of the MoonA.Earth and the Moon traveled at different SpeedsB.The Moon formed billions of years before EarthC.Earth did not have enough gravitational pullD.Earth and the Moon were too fa

27、r from each otherA.The Moon has no waterB.The Moons materials came from Earths coreC.The Moons core differs from its surfaceD.The Moon contains little iron四、Part Vocabulary(总题数：5，分数：5.00)Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship be

28、tween the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earths temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern (5) Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from

29、the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time. The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured por

30、tions of the core and temperature and of atmospheric (10)measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particu

31、lar bit of water became locked in the glacier. The result is a remarkable unbroken record of (15)levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9F (5), carbon dioxide levels dropped to 19

32、0 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice (20)record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 part

33、s per million, but never rose much higher-until the industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today. There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon (25)dioxide

34、levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the Carboniferous period. 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for aprofusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that am being brought to the surface and burned today.

35、 （分数：0.99）(1). Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：0.09）A.Chemical causes of ice agesB.Techniques for studying ancient layers of ice in glaciersC.Evidence of a relationship between levels of carbon dioxide and global temperatureD.Effects of plant life on carbon dioxide levels

36、in the atmosphere(2). The word “accumulated“ in line 6 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.09）A.spread outB.changedC.became denserD.built up(3). According to the passage, the drilling of the glacier in eastern Antarctica was important because it（分数：0.09）A.allowed scientists to experiment with new drilling

37、 techniquesB.permitted the study of surface temperatures in an ice-covered region of EarthC.provided insight about climate conditions in earlier periodsD.confirmed earlier findings about how glaciers are formed(4). The phrase “tantamount to“ in line 7 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.09）A.complementary

38、 toB.practically the same asC.especially well suited toD.unlikely to be confused with(5). According to the passage, Grenoble, France, is the place where（分数：0.09）A.instruments were developed for measuring certain chemical elementsB.scientists first recorded atmospheric levels of carbon dioxideC.scien

39、tists studied the contents of an ice core from AntarcticaD.the information can not be found be all means(6). According to tile passage, scientists used isotopes from the water of the ice core to determine which of following?（分数：0.09）A.The amount of air that had bubbled to the surface since the ice h

40、ad formedB.The temperature of the atmosphere when the ice was formedC.The date at which water had become locked in the glacierD.The rate at which water had been frozen in the glacier(7). The word “remarkable“ in line 14 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.09）A.genuineB.permanentC.extraordinaryD.continuous

41、(8). The word “link“ in line 23 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.09）A.tensionB.connectionC.attractionD.distance(9). The passage implies that the warmest temperatures among the periods mentioned occurred（分数：0.09）A.in the early eighteenth centuryB.160,000 years agoC.at the end of each ice ageD.between 36

42、0 and 285 million years ago(10). According to the passage, the Carboniferous period was characterized by（分数：0.09）A.a reduction in the number of coal depositsB.the burning of a large amount of coalC.an abundance of plantsD.an accelerated rate of glacier formation(11). The passage explains the origin

43、of which of the following terms?（分数：0.09）A.Glacier (line 5)B.Isotopes (line 11)C.Industrial Revolution (line 21)D.Carboniferous period (lines 26)Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. T

44、hese innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year30 percent over (5) the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life. The impressive gai

45、n in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790s, North American entrepreneurseven without technological improvementshad broadened the scope of the outwork system that mace manufacturing (10) more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers w

46、ho each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820s and 1830s the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of me outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the “uppers“ of shoes, which were

47、bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens (15) of massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the enure shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful “shoe boss“ and eroded workers control over the pace and conditions of labor. However,

48、it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price. For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even (20) more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large q

49、uantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had buiit a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, 25) and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it desended into