【考研类试卷】厦门大学考博英语真题2014年及答案解析.doc

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1、厦门大学考博英语真题 2014年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.The village _ my grandfather grew up in is not far from the town.（分数：0.50）A.whatB.whereC.whereverD.which2.What“s your attitude _ his criticism?（分数：0.50）A.againstB.forC.towardsD.in3.If I had a car of my own, I _ it to your

2、 sister yesterday.（分数：0.50）A.will lendB.would lendC.should lendD.would have lent4.The newcomers found it impossible to _ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.（分数：0.50）A.suitB.adaptC.regulateD.coordinate5.It“s a program designed to _ mainly to 16 to 25 yea

3、r olds.（分数：0.50）A.includeB.appreciateC.appealD.conduct6.The actress lives in a very fashionable _ of town.（分数：0.50）A.positionB.componentC.quarterD.zone7.The store displayed its most _ products in the front window.（分数：0.50）A.modelB.presentC.distinctiveD.favorite8.Bob fails to attend the evening schoo

4、l. He _ sick, because he never asks for leave.（分数：0.50）A.maybeB.can beC.must beD.is9._ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.（分数：0.50）A.ForB.NowC.SinceD.Despite10._ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.（分数：0.50）A.But forB.In case ofC.In s

5、pite ofD.Because of11.A tyre _ when you pump air into it; it shrinks when the air is gone.（分数：0.50）A.exploresB.expandsC.exploitD.exposes12.We simply can“t compete with other companies _ we improve our engine design and reduce the cost of production.（分数：0.50）A.thoughB.unlessC.lestD.provided13.Critici

6、sm and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.（分数：0.50）A.by thatB.at thatC.on thatD.in that14.He wasn“t appointed chairman of the committee, _ not very popular with all its members.（分数：0.50）A.to be consideredB.consideringC.being consideredD.having considered15._ t

7、elling her again since she won“t listen to it?（分数：0.50）A.What“s the point ofB.How“s the point ofC.Where is the point inD.Is there the point for16.To save money for my education, Mother often took on more work than _ for her.（分数：0.50）A.it was goodB.what was goodC.was goodD.being good17.He denied _ to

8、 send out the signal at exactly 8 p.m.（分数：0.50）A.having been tellingB.being toldC.to be toldD.having been told18.Did it ever _ you that he could be the murderer?（分数：0.50）A.occur toB.occur inC.happen toD.happen with19.The Professor sprang to his feet, _ a hand to his rosy, bald head.（分数：0.50）A.covere

9、dB.clappingC.smashingD.hit20.The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and _ troughs of water for the horses to drink.（分数：0.50）A.held inB.held withC.held underD.held up21.Because of the _ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.（分数：0.50）A.originali

10、tyB.subjectivityC.generalityD.ambiguity22.With its own parliament and currency and a common _ for peace, the European Union declared itselfin 11 official languagesopen for business.（分数：0.50）A.inspirationB.assimilationC.intuitionD.aspiration23.America has now adopted more _ European-style inspection

11、systems, and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.（分数：0.50）A.discreteB.solemnC.rigorousD.autonomous24.Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an _ spur to efficiency and innovation.（分数：0.50）A.extravagantB.exquisiteC.intermittentD.indispensable25.In the late 19th century,

12、 Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are _ today.（分数：0.50）A.transientB.commonplaceC.implicitD.elementary26.I was so _ when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time.（分数：0.50）A.immersedB.assaultedC.thrilledD.dedicat

13、ed27.His arm was _ from the shark“s mouth and reattached, but the boy, who nearly died, remained in a delicate condition.（分数：0.50）A.retrievedB.retainedC.repelledD.restored28.Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people the magazine has _ to be the Greatest American.（分数：0.50）A.appointedB.appeasedC.nickn

14、amedD.nominated29.The _ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.（分数：0.50）A.overflowingB.overwhelmingC.prevalentD.premium30.We will also see a _ increase in the number of televisions per household, as small TV displays are added to clocks, coffee

15、makers and smoke detectors.（分数：0.50）A.startlingB.surpassingC.suppressingD.stacking二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficie

16、nt at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem

17、of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about dealing with it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itsel

18、f. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepa

19、red to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment t

20、o take second place. Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique. It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from

21、books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and thos

22、e, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students“ pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, _ pronouncing foreign languages.（分数：2.00）A.f

23、ew people are extremely good atB.even modern people are not good atC.only a few people are somewhat good atD.few people are at the average level in(2).According to the author, pronunciation is a skill that can NOT be _.（分数：2.00）A.picked up without conscious trainingB.trained consciouslyC.be taughtD.

24、be carefully trained(3).The italicized “the branch of study“ in Para. 1 refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.accentB.pronunciationC.the learning of spoken EnglishD.both A and B(4).In the author“s opinion, _.（分数：2.00）A.grammar is less important than pronunciationB.grammar and spelling should always make room for p

25、ronunciationC.grammar and spelling are sometimes less important than pronunciationD.grammar is more important than spelling(5).Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The difficulty and importance of pronunciationB.The difficulty and the teaching requirements conce

26、rning pronunciationC.The significance and the teaching methods of pronunciationD.The difficulty and features of pronunciation四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What will man be like in the futurein 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be

27、 different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume tha

28、t man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain“s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to br

29、ing about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that man“s eyes will grow strong

30、er. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modem life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altog

31、ether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald! Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these ch

32、anges, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage tells us about _.（分数：2.00）A.how man“s life will be in the futureB.how future man will look likeC.the fact that man“s organs will function

33、 differently in the futureD.the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes(2).There is evidence that man is changing_.（分数：2.00）A.man has been growing taller over the past five hundred yearsB.man has got stronger eyes now than he ever hadC.man“s hair is getting thinner and thinnerD.man“s limbs ar

34、e growing weaker because he tends to make less use of them(3).Man“s forehead will grow larger because _.（分数：2.00）A.he still makes use of only about 20% of the brain“s capacityB.the other 80% of his brain will grow in due timeC.he had rather narrow forehead a few hundred years agoD.he will have to us

35、e his brain more and more as time goes on(4).Future man will probably _.（分数：2.00）A.have smaller eyesB.have larger eyesC.see betterD.have to wear better glasses(5).The reason for believing that future man will be different is that he _.（分数：2.00）A.is always growingB.never stops changingC.hopes for a c

36、hangeD.will live a different life五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most episodes of absent-mindednessforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a roomare caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You“re supposed to remember something, but you haven“t encoded it de

37、eply.“ Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don“t pay attention to what you did because you“re

38、 involved in a conversation, you“ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isn“t failing you,“ says Schacter. “Rather, you didn“t give your memory system the information it needed.“ Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man

39、 who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,“ says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.“ Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mi

40、ndedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,“ he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen tabledon“t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of abs

41、ent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you“re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,“ says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you“ll likely remember.（分数：10.00）(1).Why d

42、oes the author think that encoding properly is very important?（分数：2.00）A.It helps us understand our memory system betterB.It enables us to recall something from our memoryC.It expands our memory capacity considerablyD.It slows down the process of losing our memory(2).One possible reason why women ha

43、ve better memories than men is that _.（分数：2.00）A.they have a wider range of interestsB.they are more reliant on the environmentC.they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD.they are more interested in what“s happening around them(3).A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder bec

44、ause _.（分数：2.00）A.it will easily get lostB.it“s not clear enough for you to readC.it“s out of your sightD.it might get mixed up with other things(4).What do we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget anotherB.Memory depends to a certain extent

45、 on the environmentC.Repetition helps improve our memoryD.If we keep forgetting things, we“d better return to where we were(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The process of gradual memory lossB.The causes of absent-mindednessC.The impact of the environment on memoryD.A way of encoding a

46、nd recalling六、Part Short Answer (总题数：1，分数：5.00)The newborn can see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns to dull or bright solid colors and looks longer at stripes and angles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dr

47、amatically to the human face. Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to a human face than to any other kind of pattern“? Some scientists think this preference represents a built in advantage for the human species. The object of prime importance to the physically helpless infa

48、nt is a human being. Babies seem to have a natural tendency to the human face as potentially rewarding. Researchers also point out that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outline, size, or color. Pattern remains stable, while outline changes with point of view; size, with distance fro

49、m an object; and brightness and color, with lighting. Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have been told. The experts who thought that perception (知觉) had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reasons. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated tha