【考研类试卷】考研英语阅读理解A节(传统题型)分类精讲社会伦理类-(一)及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语阅读理解 A 节(传统题型)分类精讲社会伦理类-(一)及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Reading Co(总题数:5,分数:100.00)The stretch of the Pacific between Hawaii and California is virtually empty. There are no islands, no shipping lanes, no human presence for thousands of milesjust sea, sky and rubbish. The prevailing curre
2、nts cause flotsam from around the world to accumulate in a vast becalmed patch of ocean. In places, there are a million pieces of plastic per square kilometre. That can mean as much as 112 times more plastic than plankton, the first link in the marine food chain. All this adds up to perhaps 100m ton
3、nes of floating garbage, and more is arriving every day.Wherever people have beenand some places where they have notthey have left waste behind. Litter lines the worlds roads; dumps dot the landscape; slurry and sewage slosh into rivers and streams. Up above, thousands of fragments of defunct spacec
4、raft careen through space, and occasionally more debris is produced by collisions such as the one that destroyed an American satellite in mid-February. Ken Noguchi, a mountaineer, estimates that he has collected nine tonnes of rubbish from the slopes of Mount Everest during five clean-up expeditions
5、. There is still plenty left.The average Westerner produces over 500kg of municipal waste a yearand that is only the most obvious portion of the rich worlds discards. In Britain, for example, municipal waste from households and businesses makes up just 24% of the total. In addition, both developed a
6、nd developing countries generate vast quantities of construction and demolition debris, industrial effluent, mine tailings, sewage residue and agricultural waste. Extracting enough gold to make a typical wedding ring, for example, can generate three tonnes of mining waste.Rubbish may be universal, b
7、ut it is little studied and poorly understood. Nobody knows how much of it the world generates or what it does with it. In many rich countries, and most poor ones, only the patchiest of records are kept. That may be understandable: by definition, waste is something its owner no longer wants or takes
8、 much interest in.Ignorance spawns scares, such as the fuss surrounding New Yorks infamous garbage barge, which in 1987 sailed the Atlantic for six months in search of a place to dump its load, giving many Americans the false impression that their country landfills had run out of space. It also make
9、s it hard to draw up sensible policies: just think of the endless debate about whether recycling is the only way to save the planet ran expensive waste of time.(分数:20.00)(1).It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 thatA. a large part of the Pacific doesnt have shipping lanes.B. most of the rubbish in th
10、e Pacific comes from the U.SC. the first link of the food chain of sea lives on plastic.D. the quantity of rubbish in the Pacific increases day by day.(分数:4.00)A.B.C.D.(2).The second paragraph mainly demonstratesA. space garbage hazard towards people.B. that people produce waste of all kinds with la
11、rge amount.C. whether people should take recycling into account.D. Ken Noguchi five clean-up expeditions.(分数:4.00)A.B.C.D.(3).The example of Britain indicates thatA. a large proportion of waste is generated by developed countries.B. there are many other kinds of rubbish besides municipal waste.C. mi
12、ning extraction generates large quantity of waste.D. agricultural waste makes up a large proportion of the total.(分数:4.00)A.B.C.D.(4).By mentioning the definition of waste, the author intends toA. clear the misunderstanding of its meaning and its coverage.B. state that people tends to like the new a
13、nd hate the old.C. manifest the fact people dont record things about rubbish by sarcasm.D. prove that ignorance can lead to terror and inaction.(分数:4.00)A.B.C.D.(5).The incident of New York rubbish ship took place becauseA. people were ignorant of the rubbish disposal capacity of their country.B. go
14、vernment was in great dilemma of whether starts recycling or not.C. economics was in such recession as not be able to dispose the garbage.D. U.S. didnt have enough dump sites to digest the waste.(分数:4.00)A.B.C.D.The United States is not (thank goodness) a culturally homogeneous country. It consists
15、of many distinct moral communities. On certain social issues, such as abortion and homosexuality, people dont agree and probably never willand the signal political advantage of the federalist system is that they dont have to. Individuals and groups who find the values or laws of one state obnoxious
16、have the right to live somewhere else.The nationalization of abortion policy in the Supreme Courts 1973 Roe v. Wade decision created a textbook example of what can happen when this federalist principle is ignored. If the Supreme Court had not stepped in, abortion would today be legal in most states
17、but not all; pro-lifers would have the comfort of knowing they could live in a state whose law was compatible with their views. Instead of endlessly confronting a cultural schism that affects every Supreme Court nomination, we would see occasional local flare-ups in state legislatures or courtrooms.
18、America is a stronger country for the moral diversity that federalism uniquely allows. Moral law and family law govern the most intimate and, often, the most controversial spheres of life. For the sake of domestic tranquility, domestic law is best left to a level of government that is close to home.
19、So well suited is the federalist system to the gay-marriage issue that it might almost have been set up to handle it. In a new land whose citizens followed different religious traditions, it would have made no sense to centralize marriage or family law. And so marriage has been the domain of local l
20、aw not just since the days of the Founders but since Colonial times, before the states were states. To my knowledge, the federal government has overruled the states on marriage only twice. The first time was when it required Utah to ban polygamy as a condition for joining the Unionand note that this
21、 ruling was issued before Utah became a state. The second time was in 1967, when the Supreme Court, in Loving v. Virginia, struck down sixteen states bans on interracial marriage. Here the Court said not that marriage should be defined by the federal government but only that states could not define
22、marriage in ways that violated core constitutional rights. On the one occasion when Congress directly addressed same-sex marriage, in the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, it decreed that the federal government would not recognize same-sex marriages but took care not to impose that rule on the states.(分
23、数:20.00)(1).The political advantages of a federalist system is thatA. people may have different opinions about abortion.B. controversial opinions on certain social issues are allowed.C. some states are more obnoxious than others.D. people can move from state to state if they like.(分数:4.00)A.B.C.D.(2
24、).What we know about abortion law in American is thatA. it is illegal in all over America to have an abortion.B. the Supreme Court had not interfered in abortion law.C. abortion used to be a legal practice in most states.D. abortion is still legal in most states in America today.(分数:4.00)A.B.C.D.(3)
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