【考研类试卷】考研英语-710及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-710 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Starting with his review of Skinners Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experie

2、nce and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) .This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What

3、 is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class.This view of

4、 the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles “intrinsic

5、(原有的) to the mind“ that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general.Basic to this model of language is the notion that a childs learning of language is a kind of theory (14) . Its

6、thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19) powe

7、r. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.（分数：10.00）A.specialB.specificC.definiteD.explicitA.regionB.districtC.vicinityD.communityA.attacksB.as

8、saultsC.chargesD.accusesA.transformationalB.institutionalC.systematicD.constitutionalA.originateB.initiateC.launchD.generateA.YetB.EvenC.StillD.LikewiseA.consistenceB.conformityC.correspondenceD.agreementA.symbolizeB.embodyC.depictD.representA.combinedB.integratedC.blendedD.mixedA.meetsB.presentsC.o

9、ffersD.makesA.underliningB.highlightingC.markingD.underlyingA.dealsB.coversC.involvesD.engagesA.tunes intoB.sheds light onC.leaves behindD.sets forthA.fabricationB.erectionC.creationD.constructionA.withB.underC.byD.withoutA.irrespectiveB.independentC.regardlessD.implausibleA.intellectualB.intelligen

10、tC.intelligibleD.intellectA.NeverthelessB.FurthermoreC.ThoughD.AccordinglyA.instinctiveB.addictiveC.tentativeD.predictiveA.hadB.shouldC.wereD.be二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Federal Communications Commission is not alone in worrying about telev

11、ision stations that air corporate advertisements masquerading as news stories. In fact, the FCC requires that broadcast stations disclose the corporate backers of “video news releases“ or face a maximum fine of $32,500 for each violation. Enough violations and a station could lose its license. The F

12、CC sets out a clear policy: All outside news reporting must be identified, disclosing the source of any video news release aired on a news program.There are occasional declines. A nonprofit consumer watchdog group reported to the FCC that 77 stations broadcast video features about products from 49 c

13、ompanies without pointing out that they were produced by public relations firms representing these corporations. Public relations firms have one goal: to make their video news releases look as if they are legitimate news reports, not propaganda.However, PR-produced video news releases merely are the

14、 tip of the iceberg. Ever since newspapers began, special-interest groups have tried to influence the quality and quantity of the news printed. Often, in exchange for advertising revenue, newspapers would print glowing stories of their sponsors and suppress any news that might hurt their heavy adver

15、tisers. Those without the ability to inform the press, either through news releases or contacts usually are ignored unless they commit a crime or act in attention-getting ways.For most of the 20th century, women and people of color found it almost impossible to break the special-interest news barrie

16、rs. Their stories were ignored unless there was a sensational or unique element. Usually, though, items concerning these minorities required an enormous wrongdoing, such as the murder of someone in the white community or some attack on the status quo that threatened the peace and quiet, as well as t

17、he productivity, of a neighborhood.There have been splendid exceptions, but not many. One reason the Hispanic news media has been so successful is that it caters to its audience in the same manner all media does. While its bias may seem different, it actually is the same bias all media has: an overw

18、helming concern to keep its supporters happy. So, while the hue and cry over PR-created video news releases are well and good, they really do not attack the problem of biased news, and appeals to a specific group that shares the same prejudices and concerns about the present and future.All of this i

19、s one key reason Americans so often are surprised when the news outlets are forced to report stories that do not please advertisers or consumers. Better to continue, when possible, a steady supply of news about the latest celebrity baby or yet another piece about sex offenders or restaurant health v

20、iolations.（分数：10.00）(1).Television stations in the U.S. are NOT allowed to broadcast programs of _（分数：2.00）A.advertisement videos that can be easily recognized by audience as promotions.B.reports on crimes committed by colored people.C.news releases to help with the product distribution of its spons

21、or.D.stories on successes of minorities.(2).By describing the public relations companies that produce news videos, the author intends to _（分数：2.00）A.make them seem like stories that are reliable and convincible.B.disguise their propaganda in the appearance of news report.C.reflect the phenomena of n

22、ews for special interest groups.D.introduce a new policy of the Federal Communications Commission.(3).It is most possible for a supporter of a newspaper to be reported for _（分数：2.00）A.his offending of unimportant rules and regulations.B.the health violation of a restaurant held by his group.C.a sexu

23、al scandal which he involves in.D.the launch of a new invention in his company.(4).According to the text, the Hispanic news media are successful because _（分数：2.00）A.they meet the interests of Spanish America.B.they report the current wrongdoings of minorities.C.they help keep the productivity of the

24、 society of white people.D.they focus on the same news as other news media do.(5).From the text we can conclude that news media that release biased news reports would probably _（分数：2.00）A.be punished by a large sum of fine.B.lose the right to operate for a period.C.be forced to report news that do n

25、ot please advertisers and consumers.D.have no punishment at all.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)President Bush has once again started speaking out for comprehensive immigration reform, and a draft plan to rally Republican senators on the issue is circulating just as Congressional hearings on the issue appro

26、ach. Members of Congress recognize that voters are looking for real reform that rests on resolute, effective enforcement of our immigration laws.The only serious legislative proposal on the table offers such enforcement, because it focuses on making employers accountable for their hiring practices.

27、To that end, the bill incorporates lessons learned from the largest immigration enforcement operation ever undertaken. Last December, Department of Homeland Security agents descended on meat processing plants run by Swirl on the Ravens, one third did. Healthy children showed no such disparity.That p

28、resents a puzzle. If many autistics arc more intelligent than an IQ test shows, why havent their parents noticed? Partly because many parents welcome a low score, which brings their child more special services from schools and public agencies. But another force is at work. “We often think of intelli

29、gence as what you can show, such as by speaking fluently,“ says a psychologist. “Parents as well as professionals might be biased to look at that“ rather than dig for the hidden intellectual spark.The challenge is to coax that spark into the kind of intelligence that manifests itself in practice. Th

30、at is something autism researchers are far from doing. Many experts dismiss autistics exceptional reading, artistic or other abilities as side effects of abnormal brain function. They advise parents to steer their child away from what he excels at and obsesses over, and toward what he struggles with

31、. It makes you wonder how many other children, whose intellectual potential were too blind to see, weve also given up on.（分数：10.00）(1).Autistic children always get lower scores in IQ tests than other children because _（分数：2.00）A.they are retarded due to lack of communication.B.the test methods requi

32、re too may interactions.C.their intelligence level is lower than other children.D.they cannot understand the instructions of strangers.(2).The new type of IQ test taken by researchers is one that _（分数：2.00）A.is designed solely for autistic children.B.requires the children to respond to questions.C.i

33、s more widely used in todays society.D.asks the children to find logical relationships among patterns.(3).Which of the following is not the reason why parents are unable to find the hidden intelligence in their autistic children?（分数：2.00）A.They want their children to have a low intelligence level to

34、 get some benefits.B.The lower IQ test scores can bring to their children more special services.C.The social recognition of intelligence mainly relies on the ability of expression.D.Some experts always consider the hidden intelligence as abnormal functions.(4).The author indicates that autism resear

35、chers should not focus on _（分数：2.00）A.trying to use IQ test methods which are suitable for autistic children to get reasonable scores.B.asking the parents of autistic children to find abilities such as reading in their children.C.finding ways to teach autistic to communicate and engage with stranger

36、s.D.encouraging autistic children to make use of their own intelligence in practice.(5).Which of the following conflicts with what the text conveys?（分数：2.00）A.Children with hidden intelligence are easily considered as low IQ by adults.B.The current prevailing IQ test methods pay much attention to ve

37、rbal intelligence.C.Autistic children are in fact more intelligent than normal children.D.Parents should try to find the potential of their children and make it into practice.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An analysis of workplace trends shows that employee perks, a reliable indicator of job market strengt

38、h, are beginning to make a comeback. While not as Extravagant as those offered in the late 1990s, companies clearly are shifting their focus from workforce reduction to workforce retention. Firms realize that they require a foundation of experienced, trained, and motivated workers. These employers a

39、re improving and/ or adding perks to prevent an exodus of workers that could occur as the economy continues improving. They also may be looking further down the road when severe labor shortages are expected to return.An analysis of perks offered in todays workplace shows that many of the 1990s-style

40、 benefits, such as game rooms and luxury car leases, have been abandoned. The perks that remain popular with employers and employees are those that help workers stay healthy, career focused, and financially stable. Perhaps the most appreciated are those that help individuals maintain work-life balan

41、ce.Work-life balance is just one part of the growing concern companies have about the overall emotional and physical health of their workers. Employees who are stressed out or depressed because they do not feel as if they are giving enough attention to the nonwork aspects of their lives ultimately a

42、re unproductive. More and more companies also are learning that workers desire the opportunity to grow professionally in the workplace. HewlettPackard, for instance, has boosted its employee education and development budget by 20%.Nationwide Insurance, based in Columbus, Ohio, established a career-p

43、lanning website in 2003. The site provides information on company job opportunities, career development, and an in-house mentoring program. Nationwide also is helping to educate its employees in financial matters, acknowledging that workers distracted by such issues on the job are not giving their f

44、ull attention to the companys priorities. It is adding classes and seminars on personal finance issues and 401(k) investments.Sometimes perks simply are about keeping employee morale elevated. Knowing that an improving economy might prompt valued employees to seek new opportunities, the owner of Tic

45、ketcity. com has lavished his best performers with tickets to the Masters golf tournament (锦标赛), access to country clubs, and invitations to a management retreat in Sedona, Ariz.Moreover, even companies that cannot afford to institute costly perks can find ways to make sure current employees are hap

46、py. Doug Dorman, vice president of human resources for the Greenville (S.C.) Hospital System explains that there is a definite sense of urgency when it comes to employee retention, knowing that labor shortages are returning. Dorman notes, however, that they have not focused on perks, “but rather on

47、creating a culture of recognition and appreciation. Employees stay when they have good two-way communication with management and are truly appreciated and recognized for their contributions./（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “perks“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.a payment or

48、profit received in addition to a regular wage or salary.B.release of entertainment facilities such as game rooms or luxury cars.C.the balance between the work and balance of employees.D.the opportunities to improve one s expertise in his work.(2).Which of the following is not the reason why companie

49、s have begun to shift their attention on the retention of workforce?（分数：2.00）A.the constant improvement of economy in the US.B.the demand of experienced and well-trained employees.C.the demonstration of its market strength indicator.D.the possible lack of workforce in the near future.(3).Which of the following perks is out-of-date today?（分数：2.00）A.a workshop on the recent stock market.B.an expensive car room that can be used at a relatively low rent.C.a vacation to a beautiful scenic spot for relaxation.D.a training on the expertise