【考研类试卷】南京大学英语语言学真题2008年及答案解析.doc

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1、南京大学英语语言学真题 2008年及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.hypothesis（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.academician（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.verbatim（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.technique（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.capacity（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_6.standardize（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_7.guarantee（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_8.paradigm（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_9.primary（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_10.rhetoric（分

2、数：1.00）填空项 1:_11.procedure（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.originate（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.as you know（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_14.It took a long time to arrive at Green Park. （分数：4.00）填空项 1:_15.It was hard even to make a phone call.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_16.Did you find the answer?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_17.Focus on manner of articulation（分

3、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.18.Focus on place of articulation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.19.Focus on state of voicing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.20.Focus on the structure of the underlined syllablesA. aware B. ignore C. relay D. pertain（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.21.Focus on word formationA. greenhouse B. friendship C. courtyard D. whitewood（分数

4、：2.00）A.B.C.D.22.Focus on word classA. intricate B. within C. alight D. contalninated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.23.Focus on the type of semantic oppositionA. awake-asleep B. inside-outside C. teacher-student D. right-left（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.24.Focus on collocationA. adhere B. relate C. stick D. comply（分数：2.00）A.

5、B.C.D.25.Focus on countabilityA. expertise B. evidence C. equipment D. discourse（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.Focus on a conversational principleA. quantity B. manner C. approbation D. quality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.Focus on deictic expressionsA. there B. yesterday C. you D. it（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.Focus on semanti

6、c rolesA. goal B. rheme C. instrument D. causative（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.Focus on the felicity conditions of speech act perfonnanceA. truth condition B. sincerity conditionC. essential condition D. preparatory condition（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.Focus on the properties of conversational implicatureA. indeterm

7、inacy B. calculability C. defeasibility D. interestingness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.31.Focus on Hallidays register theoryA. field of discourse B. theme of discourseC. tenor of discourse D. 1node of discourse（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.32.Incorrect CorrectSome students do not care other.Some students do not care for oth

8、ers.They are busy searching jobs. They are busy searching for jobs.（分数：4.00）_33.Incorrect CorrectIt has been existed for a long time.It has existed for a long time.The bus is arrived. The bus has awived.（分数：4.00）_34.Incorrect CorrectYou should return the library the books.You should return the books

9、 to the library.He reported the police the accident.He reported the accident to the police.（分数：4.00）_35.Incorrect CorrectI forgot the car accident happened at thecomer of that street.I forgot the car accident that happened at thecorner of that street.The idea occurred to me was a very vagueone.The i

10、dea that occurred to me was a veryvague one.（分数：4.00）_36.Incorrect CorrectLinguistics is getting more and moreimportant to our understanding of the world,some knowledge of it is beneficial.As linguistics is getting more and moreimportant to our understanding of the world,some knowledge of it is bene

11、ficial.Humor helps us in many ways, we all needAs humor helps us in many ways, we allit. need it.（分数：4.00）_37.a. Hope you like everything here. b. Just imagine what has just happened here.（分数：12.00）_38.Dialogue 1A: Are you flee tiffs afternoon?B: Yes. A: I want to do some shopping. Would you like to

12、 come with me?B: Id love to.（分数：6.00）_39.Dialogue 2A: Would you like to come with me this morning, oh no, this afternoon?B: For what?A: I want to do some shopping. B: Sorry, I have to finish my assignment today.（分数：6.00）_40.A. Jacks brother has gone bankrupt. B. Jack has a brother. C. Jacks sibling

13、has gone bankrupt. D. Jacks brother has not gone bankrupt.（分数：16.00）_41.Dear Professor Wang,Im writing to apologize for my failure to turn up for our appointment yesterday. One of my best friends came to see me. We havent seen each other for more than 5 years. Please pardon me. I wonder if it is pos

14、sible for us to have another appointment sometime this weekend. Thank you.Yours truly,Tom（分数：12.00）_a)Student: I was sitting in teahouse where we usually met.Teacher: Yes?Student: Yeah and I was having tea with a friend.b)Student: I was sitting in teahouse where we usually met.Teacher: In the teahou

15、se?Student: Yeah and I was having tea with a friend.c)Student: I was sitting in teahouse where we usually met.Teacher: Do we say “in teahouse“?Student: Yeah and I was having tea with a friend.d)Student: I was sitting in teahouse where we usually met.Teacher: Watch out for your grammar.Student: Yeah

16、and I was having tea with a friend.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the teacher trying to do? For each episode, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the teachers response to student in her attempt to help students with their English.（分数：10.00）_(2).If you were a teacher, which of the above methods would you

17、use? Why?（分数：10.00）_南京大学英语语言学真题 2008年答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.hypothesis（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：2.academician（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：3.verbatim（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：4.technique（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：5.capacity（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：6.standardize（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：

18、7.guarantee（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：8.paradigm（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：9.primary（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：10.rhetoric（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：11.procedure（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：12.originate（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：解析 本题主要考查的是语音知识，即国际单标、字母发音及单词重音等。这里仅提供一种读音，但实际情况可能是两种或更多，具体情况可以参考词典

19、的标注。13.as you know（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：解析 本题考查的是语音中的连读现象，当当一个单词以辅音结尾，而后一个单词以元音或半元音开头的话，就会形成连读，如本题中的 as是以辅音 结尾的，而后面的 you是以半元音14.It took a long time to arrive at Green Park. （分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：解析 本题考查的语音同化现象(assimilation)。由于本题中 Park是以双唇音/p/开头，而前一个单词 Green则是以齿龈音/n/结尾，所以/n/被同化，读的时候像是/m/。

20、15.It was hard even to make a phone call.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：解析 本题同样考查的是语音同化现象。齿龈音/n/后面遇到软腭音/k/会被同化，发16.Did you find the answer?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：解析 本题考查的仍然是语音连读现象。参考第一题的思路解析。17.Focus on manner of articulation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 从发音方式看，只有 D是爆破音，而其他三个都是磨擦音。18.Focus on place of a

21、rticulation（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 从发音部位看，只有 C是 central vowel，而其他三个都是 back vowels，自然选 C。19.Focus on state of voicing（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 从是否浊音化的角度看，只有 A是清辅音，其他三个都是浊辅音。20.Focus on the structure of the underlined syllablesA. aware B. ignore C. relay D. pertain（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 21.Focus on wor

22、d formationA. greenhouse B. friendship C. courtyard D. whitewood（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从构词法的角度看，A、C、D 三项都是通过合成法构成的合成词(compound)，只有 B是通过词缀法(friend+ship)构成的派生词。22.Focus on word classA. intricate B. within C. alight D. contalninated（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从词类角度看，只有 B是介词(prep.)，属于封闭词类(closed class)，而其他

23、三项都是形容词(adj.)，都属于开放词类(open class)。23.Focus on the type of semantic oppositionA. awake-asleep B. inside-outside C. teacher-student D. right-left（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 从反义词的类型看，只有 C项属于关系反义词(relational opposites)，而其他三项都属于互补性反义词(complementary opposites)。24.Focus on collocationA. adhere B. relate C. sti

24、ck D. comply（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 从搭配的角度看，前三项中动词都是与介词 to搭配，分别表示“坚持”、“与相关”、“坚持”的意思。只有 D项中 comply是与介词 with搭配使用，表示“遵守”。因此，只能选 D。25.Focus on countabilityA. expertise B. evidence C. equipment D. discourse（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从名词的可数或不可数角度看，只有 B中的 evidence一般是不可数名词，其他三项均一般作为可数名词使用。因此，选 B。26.Focus on a

25、conversational principleA. quantity B. manner C. approbation D. quality（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 从会话原则的角度看，A、B、D 三项讲的分别是语用学中合作原则(CP)中的三个准则，即数量准则(quantity maxim)、方式准则(manner maxim)和质量准则(quality maxim)，而另外一个准则应该是关系准则(relation maxim)。C 所说 approbation(赞扬准则)实际上是礼貌原则(PP)下面的一个准则。27.Focus on deictic expressio

26、nsA. there B. yesterday C. you D. it（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从指示语的角度看，虽然四个选项都属于指示语，其中 A属于地点指示语，B 属于时间批示语，C 和 D属于人称指示语，但只有 yesterday是名词，其他三项都是代词，因此，选 B。28.Focus on semantic rolesA. goal B. rheme C. instrument D. causative（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从语义角色来看，只有 rheme是语用学术语，其他三项均是语义学术语。29.Focus on the felici

27、ty conditions of speech act perfonnanceA. truth condition B. sincerity conditionC. essential condition D. preparatory condition（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 J.L. Austin 把言语(utterances)分成 performatives和 constatives两大类，认为performatives要想成功必须满足一定的条件(即适切条件)，比如 sincerity condition(真诚条件)、preparatory condition(准备

28、条件)等，其中不存在真假的问题，“Though performatives cannot be true or false, there are still conditions”，可见 A并非 perfomatives的适切条件之一，仅此一点就可以断定 A为答案。30.Focus on the properties of conversational implicatureA. indeterminacy B. calculability C. defeasibility D. interestingness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 从会话隐含义的特点来看，只有 D“趣

29、味性”不是会话含义的特点，其他三个都是。会话含义的特点还包括 non-detachability和 non-conventionality。31.Focus on Hallidays register theoryA. field of discourse B. theme of discourseC. tenor of discourse D. 1node of discourse（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从韩礼德的语域理论来看，语域有三个社会变量，分别是 tenor of discourse，mode of discourse以及 field of discourse

30、，即 C、D、A 三项，只能 B项不属于语域的社会变量，因此选 B。32.IncorrectCorrectSome students do not care other.Some students do not care for others.They are busy searching jobThey are busy searching for s. jobs.（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(In English, solne verbs are transitive while others are intransitive in nature. Transitive verbs re

31、quires all obj ect to complete its meaning, while intransitive ones, if need be, must collocate with a preposition. In this case, both care and arrive are intransitive verbs, therefore they cannot take objects directly. The students must have confused transitive verbs with intransitive ones. This er

32、ror is generally caused by lack or incomplete study of the target language.)解析：解析 本题着眼点主要是动词的及物性以及造成及物性和不及物性混用的原因。33.IncorrectCorrectIt has been existed for a long time.It has existed for a long time.The bus is arrived.The bus has awived.（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(Intransitive verbs cannot be used in passive v

33、oice, or in other words, they are incompatible with tile passive voice. Tile reason why students commit such errors may be a result of overgeneralization. As we know, many transitive verbs like hate, love and shoot can be used in passive voice, for example, He is hated by many people. But such verbs

34、 as arrive, e and exist cannot be used in the same manner because they are intransitive verbs. The students must have been confused by tile rules and may have relied too much on their conlmon experience of language use, that is, they have applied a rule ill a situation where tile rule does not apply

35、.)解析：解析 本题的着眼点主要是被动语态有哪些限制，其中就包括什么样的动词可以用在被动语态里，什么样的动词不可以用于被动语态，这样则比较容易了。34.IncorrectCorrectYou should return the library the books.You should return the books to the library.He reported the police the accident.He reported the accident to the police.（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(In English, sonle verbs call have

36、two objects, one as the direct object, and the other indirect object. Such verbs are often termed as double-object verbs, such as give and buy and many other verbs. There is a fixed structure for such verbs: verb + direct object + to + indirect object, which can very often be trailsformed into verb

37、+ indirect object + direct object. For example, the sentence I give a book to him call be transformed into I give him a book. But some verbs like return and report in these sentences cannot be used in this way. This may well explain why the students have connnitted such errors as these. In other wor

38、ds, this is again a result of overgeneralization.)解析：解析 本题主要考查学生对双宾语动词的掌握情况，只要掌握了这一点，解释起来就比较得心应手。当然，考生要明白这是过分概括的结果。35.IncorrectCorrectI forgot the car accident happened at thecomer of that street.I forgot the car accident that happened at thecorner of that street.The idea occurred to me was a very v

39、agueoneThe idea that occurred to me was a veryvag. ue one.（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(In Chinese, we do have sentences like“我忘记那场车祸发生在那条街的街角”and“出现在我脑海的主意是一个模糊的念头”，but they cannot be put into English word for word as I forgot the car accident happened at the corner of that street and The idea occurred to me was

40、 a very vague one. If so, there would be two predicate verbs in one single clause, which is definitely forbidden in English. A close examination may reveal that this might be due to the negative transfer of their native tongue, that is, their L1 knowledge has interfered with their L2 learning. In En

41、glish we have to use attributive clauses as those in the right column.)解析：解析 本题主要考查语言负迁移的问题，所谓语言负迁移是指语言学习者的母语知识对二语学习产生干扰，本题学生所犯的错误就属于此种问题。36.IncorrectCorrectLinguistics is getting more and moreimportant to our understanding of the As linguistics is getting more and moreimportant to our understanding

42、 of world,some knowledge of it is beneficial.the world,some knowledge of it is beneficial.Humor helps us in many ways, we all needit.As humor helps us in many ways, we allneed it.（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(It is known that tile English language is hypotactic language which attaches great importance to the use of conjunctions or other types of cohesive devices, while Chinese is paratactic in nature, which means that it seldom relies on conjunctions and cohesive devices of this kind to establish logical