【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷84及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷 84 及答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focu

2、s on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exception

3、al children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirr

4、or we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special

5、 conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal. “ Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has

6、 also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of

7、all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from re

8、gular programs.（分数：8.00）(1).In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB.exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are

9、C.exceptional children are the key interest of the family and societyD.the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children(2).The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are expected to be leaders of the so

10、cietyB.they might become a burden of the societyC.they should fully develop their potentialsD.disabled children deserve special consideration(3).This passage mainly deals with_.（分数：2.00）A.the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB.the definition of exceptional children in modern soc

11、ietyC.the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD.the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children(4).From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children_.（分数：2.00）A.is now enjoying legal supportB.disagrees with the tradition of the countryC.was

12、 clearly stated by the countrys foundersD.will exert great influence over court decisions“ I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,“ says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “ But,“ he cautions, “some people may have the

13、idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. “ This year, 50 percent of the 910, 000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least fi

14、ve years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.

15、 With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activat

16、e a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never p

17、revent all cancers. “ Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,“ says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays. “ The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.

18、“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. “（分数：8.00）(1).The e

19、xample of Pasteur in the passage is used to_.（分数：2.00）A.predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decadeB.indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are brightC.prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty yearsD.warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be c

20、onquered(2).The author implies that by the year 2000,_.（分数：2.00）A.there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patientsB.90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be livingC.the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancersD.t

21、here wont be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients(3).Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes_.（分数：2.00）A.that are always in operation in a healthy personB.which remain unharmful so long as they are not activatedC.that can be driven out of normal cellsD.which normal cell cant turn of

22、f(4).The word “dormant“ in the third paragraph most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.deadB.ever-presentC.inactiveD.potentialDiscoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds“ to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend wou

23、ld have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even

24、 the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others

25、 is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply the

26、realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,“ wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nob

27、ody thought of that before?“ The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest

28、route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the author probably mean by “u

29、ntaught mind“ in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.B.A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.C.A person who has had no education.D.An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.(2).According to the author, wh

30、at distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?（分数：2.00）A.The variety of ideas they have.B.The intelligence they possess.C.The way they deal with problems.D.The way they present their findings.(3).The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because_.（分数：2.00）A.Rudolph Flesch is the best-known e

31、xpert in the study of human creativityB.the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing thingsC.the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of viewD.the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented(4).The phrase “march to a diff

32、erent drummer“(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are_.（分数：2.00）A.diligent in pursuing their goalsB.reluctant to follow common ways of doing thingsC.devoted to the progress of scienceD.concerned about the advance of societyWhy do people always want to get up and d

33、ance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embedded in every culture that dancing is a “ cultural universal“. A researcher in Manchester thinks the impulse may be even more deeply rooted than that. He says it may be a reflex reaction. Neil Todd, a psychologist at the

34、 University of Manchester, told that he first got an inkling that biology was the key after watching people dance to deafeningly loud music. “There is a compulsion about it,“ he says. He reckoned there might be a more direct, biological, explanation for the desire to dance, so he started to look at

35、the inner ear. The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance. The standard view is that these tasks are segregated so that organs for balance, for instance, do not have an acoustic function. But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus, which is part of the balan

36、ce-regulating vestibular system, has retained some sensitivity to sound. The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise, above 70 decibels. “Theres no question that in a contemporary dance environment, the sacculus will be stimulated,“ says Todd. The average rave, he says, blares music

37、 at a painful 110 to 140 decibels. But no one really knows what an acoustically stimulated sacculus does. Todd speculates that listening to extremely loud music is a form of “ vestibular self-stimulation“: it gives a heightened sensation of motion. “We dont know exactly why it causes pleasure,“ he s

38、ays. “But we know that people go to extraordinary lengths to get it. “ He lists bungee jumping, playing on swings or even rocking to and fro in a rocking chair as other examples of pursuits designed to stimulate the sacculus. The same pulsing that makes us feel as though we are moving may make us ge

39、t up and dance as well, says Todd. Loud music sends signals to the inner ear which may prompt reflex movement. “The typical pulse rate of dance music is around the rate of locomotion,“ he says. “Its quite possible youre triggering a spinal reflex. “（分数：8.00）(1).What intrigued Todd was_.（分数：2.00）A.hu

40、man instinct reflexesB.peoples biological heritagesC.peoples compulsion about loud musicD.the damages loud music wrecks on human hearing(2).Todds biological explanation for the desire to dance refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the mechanism of hearing soundsB.the response evoked from the sacculusC.the two main

41、functions performed by the human earD.the segregation of the hearing and balance maintaining function(3).When the sacculus is acoustically stimulated, according to Todd, _.（分数：2.00）A.functional balance will be maintained in the earB.pleasure will be arousedC.decibels will shoot upD.hearing will occu

42、r(4).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The human ear does more than hearing than expected.B.Dancing is capable of heightening the sensation of hearing.C.Loud music stimulates the inner ear and generates the urge to dance.D.The human inner ear does more to help hear than to help maintain ba

43、lance.考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷 84 答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we

44、 focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exce

45、ptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that

46、 mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their sp

47、ecial conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal. “ Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, i

48、t has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the righ

49、t of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.（分数：8.00）(1).In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.the growth of exceptional children has much to do w