【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷83及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷 83 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Valeta Young, 81, a retiree from Lodi, Calif. , suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring. But she doesnt have to drive anywhere to get it. Twice a day she steps onto a special electr

2、onic scale, answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurses station in San Antonio, Texas. “Its almost a direct link to my doctor,“ says Young, who describes herself as computer illiterate but says she has no

3、problems using the equipment. Young is not the only patient who is dealing with her doctor from a distance. Remote monitoring is a rapidly growing field in medical technology, with more than 25 firms competing to measure remotely and transmit by phone, Internet or through the airwaves everything fro

4、m patients heart rates to how often they cough. Prompted both by the rise in health-care costs and the increasing computerization of healthcare equipment, doctors are using remote monitoring to track a widening variety of chronic diseases. In March, St. Francis University in Pittsburgh, Pa. , partne

5、red with a company called BodyMedia on a study in which rural diabetes patients use wireless glucose meters and armband sensors to monitor their disease. And last fall, Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability to chart their asthma conditions online, using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that mea

6、sures lung functions in real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors. Such home monitoring, says Dr. George Dailey, a physician at the Scripps Clinic in San Diego, “could someday replace less productive ways that patients track changes in their heart rate, blood sugar, lipid levels, kidney fun

7、ctions and even vision. “ Dr. Timothy Moore, executive vice president of Alere Medical, which produces the smart scales that Young and more than 10, 000 other patients are using, says that almost any vital sign could, in theory, be monitored from home. But, he warns, that might not always make good

8、medical sense. He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely, for example, and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value, he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the value of

9、home testing for diabetes or asthma. Such studies are needed because the technology is still in its infancy and medical experts are divided about its value. But on one thing they all agree: you should never rely on any remote testing system without clearing it with your doctor.（分数：10.00）(1).How does

10、 Young monitor her health conditions?（分数：2.00）A.By stepping on an electronic scale.B.By answering a few yes or no questions.C.By using remote monitoring service.D.By establishing a direct link to her doctor.(2).Which of the following is not used in remote monitoring?（分数：2.00）A.Car.B.Telephone.C.Inte

11、rnet.D.The airwaves.(3).The word “prompted“(Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.madeB.remindedC.arousedD.driven(4).Why is Dr. Timothy Moore against performing electrocardiograms remotely?（分数：2.00）A.Because it is a less productive way of monitoring.B.Because it doesnt make good medica

12、l sense.C.Because its value has not been proved by scientific study.D.Because it is not allowed by doctors.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Computer illiterate is advised not to use remote monitoring.B.The development of remote monitoring market is rather sluggish.

13、C.Remote monitoring is mainly used to track chronic diseases.D.Medical experts agree on the value of remote monitoring.Heres the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40, 000 victims could have done to prevent it from happen

14、ing. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $ 60 a pop. That allowed the gang to ch

15、erry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700, 000 Americans have their credit hijacked every yea

16、r. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number which can often be found on the Web is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so theres little financia

17、l incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, its up to you to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those million

18、s of “pre-approved“ credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later. But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is

19、to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax(at equifax. com), Trans-Union(www. transunion. com)and Experian(experian. com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines.

20、 Of the three, I found TransUnions website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If youre lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one fr

21、ee report a year by law. Otherwise its going to cost $ 8 to $ 14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; thats $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think youre a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at e

22、ach of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www. consumer. gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just dont expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identi

23、ty thieves who are ever caught.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the trend of credit-theft crime?（分数：2.00）A.Tightly suppressed.B.More frightening.C.Rapidly increasing.D.loosely controlled.(2).The expression “inside job“(Line 6, Paragraph 1)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.a crime that is committed by a person wo

24、rking for the victimB.a crime that should be punished severelyC.a crime that does great harm to the victimD.a crime that poses a great threat to the society(3).The creditors can protect their identity in the following way except_.（分数：2.00）A.destroying your junk mailB.leaving your Social Security car

25、d at homeC.visiting the credit-report website regularlyD.obtaining the free report from the government(4).Why is it easy to have credit-theft?（分数：2.00）A.More people are using credit service.B.The application program is not safe enough.C.Creditors usually disclose their identity.D.Creditors are not c

26、areful about their identity.(5).What is the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The danger of credit-theftB.The loss of the creditorsC.How to protect your good nameD.Why the creditors lose their identityA white kid sells a bag of cocaine at his suburban high school. A Latino kid does the same in his i

27、nner-city neighborhood. Both get caught. Both are first-time offenders. The white kid walks into juvenile court with his parents, his priest, a good lawyer and medical coverage. The Latino kid walks into court with his mom, no legal resources and no insurance. The judge lets the white kid go with hi

28、s family; hes placed in a private treatment program. The minority kid has no such option. Hes detained. There, in a nutshell, is what happens more and more often in the juvenile court system. Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their whit

29、e counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco. Once they are in adult courts, young black offenders are 18 times more likely to be jailed and Hispani

30、cs seven times more likely than are young white offenders. “Discrimination against kids of color accumulates at every stage of the justice system and skyrockets when juveniles are, tried as adults,“ says Dan Macallair, a co-author of the new study. “California has a double standard: throw kids of co

31、lor behind bars, but rehabilitate white kids who commit comparable crimes. “ Even as juvenile crime has declined from its peak in the early 1990s, headline grabbing violence by minors has intensified a get-tough attitude. Over the past six years, 43 states have passed laws that make it easier to try

32、 juveniles as adults. In Texas and Connecticut in 1996, the latest year for which figures are available, all the juveniles in jails were minorities. Vincent Schiraldi, the Justice Policy Institutes director, concedes that “some kids need to be tried as adults. But most can be rehabilitated. “ Instea

33、d, adult prisons tend to brutalize juveniles. They are eight times more likely to commit suicide and five times more likely to be sexually abused than offenders held in juvenile detention. “Once they get out, they tend to commit more crimes and more violent crimes,“ says Jenni Gainsborough, a spokes

34、woman for the Sentencing Project, a reform group in Washington. The system, in essence, is training career criminals. And its doing its worst work among minorities.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.the white kid is more lucky than the minority kidB.the white kid has go

35、t a lot of help than the minority kidC.the white kid and minority kid has been treated differentlyD.the minority kid should be set free at once.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Kids shouldnt be tried as adults.B.Discrimination exists in the justice system.C.Min

36、ority kids are likely to commit crimes.D.States shouldnt pass the laws.(3).The word “skyrocket“(Line 13, Paragraph 2)means_.（分数：2.00）A.rising sharplyB.widening suddenlyC.spreading widelyD.expanding quickly(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.something seems to be wrong wit

37、h the justice systemB.adult prisons have bad influence on the juvenilesC.juveniles in adult prison are ill-treatedD.the career criminals are trained by the system(5).The passage shows that the author is_the present situation.（分数：2.00）A.amazed atB.puzzled byC.disappointed atD.critical ofBy almost eve

38、ry measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial Californi

39、a law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults. So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D. A. in the U. S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if a

40、ny unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories this time playing for the other team. “ I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased,“ says Pfingst. “ I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innoc

41、ent people in jail. “ Around the U. S. , flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5, 000. Then theres the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D. A. will

42、 have indicted his shop. But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingsts team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining

43、 files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence. They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Pol

44、ice found a small drop of saliva on the victims shirt too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U. S. are starting DNA audits.（分数：10.00）(1).How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?（分

45、数：2.00）A.By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.B.By revisiting the past victories.C.By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.D.By his cooperation with his attorneys.(2).Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?（分数：2.00）A.To help correct the wrong judgments.B.To

46、 oust the unqualified prosecutors.C.To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.D.To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.(3).The expression “flabbergasted“(Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.excitedB.competentC.embarrassedD.astounded(4).Why was Pfingst an uns

47、entimental prosecutor?（分数：2.00）A.He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.B.He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.C.He supported the controversial California law.D.He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.(5).Which of the following is not true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.

48、Pfingsts move didnt have a great coverage.B.Pfingsts move had both the positive and negative effect.C.Pfingsts move didnt work well.D.Pfingsts move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷 83 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Valeta Young, 81, a retiree from

49、 Lodi, Calif. , suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring. But she doesnt have to drive anywhere to get it. Twice a day she steps onto a special electronic scale, answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurses station in San Antonio, Texas. “Its almost a direct link to my doctor,“ says Young, who describes herself as computer illiterate but says she has no problems using the equip