【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷82及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷 82 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Hello back there! This is me, in the future. Its great here. We finally have robots that do things for us, although none of them are very attractive, at least not after the third or fourth date. Dogs and cats developed

2、the power of speech several years ago, and turn out to have very little interesting to say beyond requests for food and, on the part of cats, expressions of condescension. One thing that has not changed in the 50 years since you guys were merging and purging all over the place is our reliance on med

3、ia. Today we have 484, 567, 543 channels of great programming, which correspond exactly to the population of the U. S. Its really fabulous. Each of us has his or her own mix that completely serves our interests and virtual habits. I say virtual habits because none of us have any real habits to speak

4、 of, good or bad. They were outlawed in 2025, and most of us agree that were happier without any. Our programming mixtures reach us through a variety of pipelines all owned by one of four Great Big Media Companies. These are all exactly alike in their collection of assets, each of them owning broadc

5、ast, narrowcast, die-cast, retrocast and cybercast, broadband, narrowband, audio, video, satellite and an upload-and-download phalanx of option-driven interfaces. Each of our Great Big Media Companies has thousands of brands that make us feel all warm and toasty and provide an emotional connection t

6、o a past that nobody can actually remember. We love our GBMCs and buy their stocks all the time. And theyre getting bigger. Not long ago, the largest GBMC declared itself to be a nation, established a virtual army and invaded Nova Scotia. Right now, its fighting the Canadians, who are holding out fo

7、r preferred stock in the new entity before they capitulate. So things have changed a lot, except maybe for one thing. As Im dictating this into the cyber-neural-net, I am sitting on a soft object with a rather high back, which is necessary as, like all other human beings now, I have no real bone str

8、ucture. Thats right, its my beloved couch! I sit on my couch all day long. I do business from my couch, since everything is now conducted online. I am served my meals on my couch. My family members catch up with one anothers virtual day while sitting on our couch. The only time we leave our couch is

9、 when we are conveyed upstairs to bed, which is just another couch. So from our couch to yours, hello! Thats your future! See you there!（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The future life will be much greater than the present life.B.Robots will become as smart as human be

10、ings in the future life.C.What will be described in the passage is quite absurd.D.Cats and dogs will surely develop the power of speech in the future.(2).The author uses the phrase “couch potato“ to mean those who_.（分数：2.00）A.spends a lot of time sitting at home watching television, surfing Internet

11、, reading etc.B.prefer to have potatoes as meals while sitting on the couchC.prefer to sleep on couch rather than on bedD.indulge themselves only in sleeping and eating(3).The authors attitude towards the four Great Big Media Companies is probably one of_.（分数：2.00）A.strong disapprovalB.mild satireC.

12、reserved consentD.enthusiastic support(4).In contrast to the great changes in the virtual future, one thing that has not changed is_.（分数：2.00）A.our way of lifeB.the social status of pets like dogs and catsC.our habits and memories of the pastD.our dependence on television, computer, radios, newspape

13、rs, etc.(5).The text intends to express the idea that_.（分数：2.00）A.people will live a happier life in the futureB.people will do business at home in the futureC.human beings tend to degenerate with increasing immobilityD.people will have more free time to pursue their hobbiesAs you read this, nearly

14、80, 000 Americans are waiting for a new heart, kidney or some other organ that could save their life. Tragically, about 6, 000 of them will die this year nearly twice as many people as perished in the Sept. 11 attacks because they wont get their transplant in time. The vast majority of Americans(86%

15、 , according to one poll)say they support organ donation. But only 20% actually sign up to do it. Why the shortfall? Part of the problem is the way we handle organ donations. Americans who want to make this sort of gift have to opt in that is, indicate on a drivers license that when they die, they w

16、ant their organs to be made available. Many European and Asian countries take the opposite approach; in Singapore, for example, all residents receive a letter when they come of age informing them that their organs may be harvested unless they explicitly object. In Belgium, which adopted a similar pr

17、esumed-consent system 12 years ago, less than 2% of the population has decided to opt out. Further complicating the situation in the U. S. is the fact that whatever decision you make can be overruled by your family. The final say is left to your surviving relatives, who must make up their minds in t

18、he critical hours after brain death has been declared. There are as many as 50 body parts, from your skin to your corneas, that can save or transform the life of a potential recipient, but for many families lost in grief, the idea of dismembering a loved one is more than they can bear. The U. S. , l

19、ike all medically advanced societies, has struggled to find a way to balance an individuals rightful sovereignty over his or her body with societys need to save its members from avoidable deaths. Given Americas tradition of rugged individualism and native distrust of Big Brotherly interference, its

20、not surprising that voters resisted attempts to switch to a presumed-consent system when it was proposed in California, Oregon, Minnesota, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Health Secretary Tommy Thompson last spring announced plans for a new initiative to encourage donations including clearer consent form

21、s but its impact is expected to be modest. Given the crying need for organs, perhaps its time we considered shifting to something closer to the presumed-consent model. Meanwhile, if you want to ensure that your organs are donated when you die, you should say so in a living will or fill out a Uniform

22、 Donor Card(available from the American Medical Association). Make sure your closest relatives know about it. And if you dont want to donate an organ, you should make your wishes equally explicit.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, one of the reasons for a shortage of organs in America is_.（分数：2.

23、00）A.most Americans are reluctant to donate their organs after deathB.the information about organ donation is not popular in AmericaC.the ways to handle organ donation is far from perfectD.people waiting for transplant are rapidly increasing in America(2).What is most Americans attitude towards the

24、organ donation?（分数：2.00）A.Indifferent.B.Indignant.C.Detached.D.Supportive.(3).It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that_.（分数：2.00）A.Americans have a long tradition of weak individualismB.all the states in America resist the presumed-consent systemC.its not easy to find a way to serve the societys nee

25、d and at the same time to protect the individuals right in the matter of organ donationD.the government is not active in solving the problem(4).The term “presumed-consent“ probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.ones organs should be donated whether they agree or notB.one is supposed to agree that their organ wi

26、ll be donated after death unless they explicitly objectC.dismembering a dead body is inhumanD.one is assumed to be happy after they decide to donate their organs(5).From the text, we can see the authors attitude towards organ donation is_.（分数：2.00）A.supportiveB.indignantC.indifferentD.negativeJim Cl

27、ark, 55, is the first person ever to start three companies that each grew to be worth more than $ 1 billion an achievement celebrated in Michael Lewis best-selling book, The New New Thing. Clark saw in primitive computer graphics chips the potential for powerful new workstations built by Silicon Gra

28、phics. He looked at a simple interface for websites, and turned it into the Netscape Web browser. And he most recently has exploited the potential of the Web for dispensing medical information through a company called Healtheon. Each of these ideas has netted Clark a cool billion or so. Shouldnt suc

29、h a visionary come up with a similarly new way of giving those bucks away? Well, no. Clark has bestowed his money the old-fashioned way by attaching his name to a building at Stanford University, his alma mater. His $ 150 million grant, establishing the Jim C. Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering

30、 and Sciences, reflects his belief that just as computer technology has been driving todays economy, biotech will power it over the next 40 years. “Some people say you should give where the need is greatest,“ he says, shrugging. “But thats the job for government. For me, with only a few billion, I h

31、ave more impact targeting a specific priority. “ Clark also wanted to reward Stanford, whose labs he used while engineering the chip for his Silicon Graphics workstations. And this was the sort of philanthropic gesture that would still leave him time to have fun running companies, building yachts an

32、d flying helicopters. Clark has a personal insight into why some tech multimillionaires postpone serious charitable giving. At one point in 1998, he watched the value of his Netscape stock erode from $ 2 billion to $ 200 million. And other wealthy techies have seen similar wild swings in their perso

33、nal fortunes. Explains Clark: “When you see your net worth drop like that, you think, If this keeps going, Im going to have to sell my airplane. “ Clark is critical of some of his Silicon Valley brethren who havent been as generous, despite their multibillion-dollar net worth. He hopes his gift will

34、 spur other tech billionaires to action, particularly Yahoo founders Jerry Yang and David Filo, who dont discuss specifics of any giving they may have done and who Clark believes have been too frugal. “These guys actually ran the Yahoo servers out of Stanford,“ says Clark. “They should be giving som

35、ething back. These guys are young, but theyve got more money than me. Or take Larry Ellison; he should be doing more. “ But Clark remains optimistic: “These new-money guys, first they have to get a couple of houses, the plane. At that point theyll think about, How can I do something more impacting?“

36、（分数：10.00）(1).The author begins his article with Clarks experience to_.（分数：2.00）A.show the great achievements of ClarkB.show the richness of ClarkC.show the payback of Clarks brilliant ideasD.show his desire to get fortunes(2).Clark believes that the bestowal of the money_.（分数：2.00）A.should be done

37、in an old wayB.should take the form of generosityC.should be given in limited fieldD.should involve all rich men(3).The founders of Yahoo are mentioned to show_.（分数：2.00）A.their way of saving moneyB.their ungenerosity and less interest in donatingC.Clarks contempt of the new moneyD.their difficulty

38、in getting rich(4).Clarks attitude toward his Silicon Valley brethren is_.（分数：2.00）A.strong disapprovalB.reserved consentC.slight contemptD.enthusiastic support(5).From the text we learn that Larry Ellison is_.（分数：2.00）A.a YuppieB.Clarks competitorC.a successful techieD.a young tech billionaireImagi

39、ne asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gay and lesbian issues. Thats exactly what we did last week in Austin, Texas. George W. Bush invited us, a dozen gay Republicans, after hed refused to meet with a gay Republican group that had criticized him. Our meeting set

40、 an important precedent: never again will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues. Bush didnt like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues, as well as by his desire to learn. I described how my partner,

41、Rob Morris, and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy, strong, religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. Im now the vice president of my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to

42、understand that long-term, loving relationships, stable families, strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community. Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that, growing up in Texas, he had not been as open to elements of Americas diverse c

43、ulture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. “ What have I said that sent that signal?“ he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statement that if you were openly gay or lesbian you

44、would not be considered for a job in his administration. “I never said that,“ he insisted, assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians who both were qualified and shared his political views. Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partne

45、r adopting children, the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. “Now youre telling me of a very loving, caring relationship,“ he said. “I really appreciate hearing that. “ We stressed that a Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent

46、 years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive and does show a willingness to hear all sides I dont think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be honest, Bush still has a long way to go. But I thi

47、nk hes a lot farther along today than he was last week.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views.B.It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues.C.No president candidate can ignore gay and les

48、bian issues at the present time.D.Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president.(2).The author uses himself as an example to show_.（分数：2.00）A.what it is like in the gay and lesbian communityB.what it is like to be a gayC.what kind of a family the gays come fromD.what it is like to maintain

49、 a gay relationship(3).The authors attitude toward Bushs performance at the meeting is_.（分数：2.00）A.scornfulB.satisfactoryC.supportingD.objective(4).In spite of his careful listening, Bush still opposes the following behaviors except_.（分数：2.00）A.adopting the childB.getting marriedC.redefining hate crimesD.employing the gays and lesbians(5).The text intends to express the idea that_.（分数：2.00）A.the gays and lesbians long for the normal lifeB