【考研类试卷】考博英语-343及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-343 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.We can conclude from this passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.the heat created in microwave ovens is very difficult to controlB.food tastes better when cooked in a microwave ovenC.food cooked in microwave ovens

2、 is probably more nutritious than food cooked in more conventional waysD.most research on the effects of microwaves on human beings has been restricted to the study of low level microwave radiation2.The author s tone is _.（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.sarcasticC.negativeD.skeptical3.The purpose of this pass

3、age is to discuss _.（分数：2.00）A.the beneficial use of microwavesB.the harmful effects of microwavesC.the modern methods of cookingD.the use and possible harmful effects of microwaves4.Microwaves are _.（分数：2.00）A.absolutely safe at low levelsB.very efficient for cookingC.cancer-causing iii people with

4、 weak eyesD.completely understood by scientists5.As used in the 3ut paragraph of this passage, the word “documnted“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.numberedB.recordedC.legalD.believable三、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)6.Which of the following is a true statement?（分数：2.00）A.Since 1866, use of the metric system in the U

5、.S. has been increasing.B.Since 1988, the metric system has been the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S. trade and life.C.In 1988, Congress passed a law to prevent the use of the Customary System in trade and commerce.D.On Dec. 23, 1975, Pres. Gerald R. Ford signed the Metric Conversio

6、n Act of 1975 to adopt the metric system in the U. S.7.Which unit belongs to the Customary System?（分数：2.00）A.meterB.kilogramC.secondD.foot8.Two systems of weights and measures used in the U.S. are _.（分数：2.00）A.the U. S. Customary System and the metric systemB.the International System and the metric

7、systemC.the Imperial System and the metric systemD.the Customary System and the Imperial system9.Which of the following is the probable title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The British Imperial System.B.The Customary System.C.The International System of Units.D.The Metric System.10.Which of the following

8、 state statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The Customary System originated from the British Imperial System.B.The Customary System has just been used in daily time.C.The metric system was specifically sanctioned by Congress in 1866.D.From 1964, using the units of the International System has been the

9、policy of the National Bureau of Standards.四、Passage 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)11.Which of the following may be the probable title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.College Freshmen Attitudes.B.College Freshmen Finances.C.College Freshmen Future Professions.D.College Freshmen Survey.12.The reason for attending coll

10、ege was_.（分数：2.00）A.to be able to make more moneyB.to be able to make a good college selectionC.to be able to get financial assistanceD.to be able to work full-time13.According to the 28th annual survey of college freshmen conducted by the American Council on Education UCLA, _.（分数：2.00）A.more than h

11、alf of college freshmen planned to seek advanced degreesB.men, for the first time in the history of the survey, were more likely than women to pursue ail major types of advanced degreesC.in 1993, more men than women sought such degreesD.both A and C14.Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.

12、00）A.Students were becoming more and more interested in business fields.B.College freshmen were becoming more and more indifferent to politics.C.Students were giving more and more support for handgun control.D.Students were giving more and more support for legislation to out law homosexuality and ma

13、rijuan15.Students self-rating on “emotional health“ and “physical health“ reached all-lime lows. The reason may be _.（分数：2.00）A.the increasing competitive pressuresB.problems at homeC.increasing stressD.strong interest in health protessions五、Passage 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)16.Londons Big Bang and Japans Bi

14、g Bang _.（分数：2.00）A.are closely related with each otherB.have only a little relation ship with each otherC.are same in qualityD.am same in results17.As used in paragraph 2 of this passage, the word “revitalize“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.to restore vitalityB.to reconsider for further improvementC.to return t

15、o a former stageD.to attach importance18.From the passage, we can infer that “big bang“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.the explosion happened billions of years ago, from a single point of nearly infinite energy destiny, which brought about the present universeB.the restructuring of the securities industry which

16、took place in London during the late 1980sC.the financial system reform that will happen in JapanD.a thorough reform in the system of economy or politics etc19.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.No other event than “Big Bang 1998“ has been welcomed in

17、modem Japans recent history.B.Big Bang, which is to be competed by 2001, is a whole scale financial system reform.C.According to Koll, Japans financial system reform is a transition towards the current financial system in the U. SD.According to Koll, Big Bang 2001 will bring a bright future to Japan

18、.20.The subject of the passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.Japan s Big BangB.London s Big gangC.Financial problems in JapanD.Deregulation of Japan s financial restrictions六、Part Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00)A21.目前，估计每年大约有 50000物种绝迹。牛津大学的地理学家尼克密德尔顿博士说道，如果这种情况继续下去，它对所有生物的影响将可能是深远的。“所有物种都以某种方式互相依赖以生存。因此危险就在于，如果你从这个互相

19、联系的非常复杂的网络上除掉一个物种，你很难预料这对对生态系统造成的连锁影响。所以，如果你失去了一个重要物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。”麻烦的是对这问题还没有明显的解决办法。和全球气温上升以及臭氧大大减少这些问题不一样，如果政府进行干预，这两种情况町以通过减少废气的排放得以减弱，而保护生物的多样性却依然是一个十分棘手的问题。最新的想法是“可持续管理”，即指人类应该在保证每一物种有足够的个体存活下来以确保该物种得以延续的条件下，才能够利用动、植物种为自己谋利益。人们把可持续管理视为一种保护物种使之免于绝迹的实用而又经济的办法。这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而失去保护动、植物，而不是

20、依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的反对非法偷猎的规章制度。例如，在津巴布韦就有可持续管理项目来保护大象。外国游客为娱乐而杀这动物要付高额费用。这钱随后再交给发生射猎的地区居民。从理论上讲，由于牵涉到当地居民经济利益，他们会受到激励去保护大象而不是去非法偷猎或允许其他人去偷猎大象。（分数：10.00）_B22.What is feared as failure in American society is, above all, aloneness. And aloneness is terrifying because it means that there is no one, no group,

21、no approved cause to submit to. Even success often becomes impossible to bear when not socially approved or even known. This is perhaps why successful criminals often feel the need to confess, that is, to submit to the community s judgment, represented in the person to whom the confession is made. T

22、hey will confess even under circumstances where this will probably, if not certainly, endanger their previous success: proof I think, that aloneness is more intolerable than mere failure. For mere failure, provide it is found in company, can rather easily be borne; many ideologies have the function

23、of making it possible for people to digest, the worst miseries and even death. Under the sway of the ideology, they do not feel the impact of their failure; they are in the grip of an authority, even if it lets them down. On the other hand, one who is alone lacks this solace which can make even fail

24、ure comfortable.（分数：10.00）_九、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：40.00)23.Title: To Improve Tourist Industry in China. Word limit: Not less than 200 words（分数：40.00）_考博英语-343 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.We can conclude from this passage that _.（分数：2.00）

25、A.the heat created in microwave ovens is very difficult to controlB.food tastes better when cooked in a microwave ovenC.food cooked in microwave ovens is probably more nutritious than food cooked in more conventional waysD.most research on the effects of microwaves on human beings has been restricte

26、d to the study of low level microwave radiation 解析：选项 A和 B在文中并未涉及；文章第二段最后一句指出“Food that have more waterin a microwave oven”，即对于在微波炉中烹饪的食物，所含水分越多，熟的越快，并且越有营养，而不是选项 C所说的与传统的方法相比，在 microwave ovens中烹饪的食物更有营养；至于选项 D，文章第四段指出“scientists are more concerned abouta leaking microwave oven”，即科学家们更加关心low level m

27、icrowave radiation对人体的影响，故选项 D正确。2.The author s tone is _.（分数：2.00）A.objective B.sarcasticC.negativeD.skeptical解析：作者讲述的是有关 microwave的客观事实，因此答案为 A。sarcastic 讽刺的。 negative 否定的，消极的。skeptical 怀疑性的。3.The purpose of this passage is to discuss _.（分数：2.00）A.the beneficial use of microwavesB.the harmful effe

28、cts of microwavesC.the modern methods of cookingD.the use and possible harmful effects of microwaves 解析：文章前半部分讨论了微波在 microwave ovens中的运用，后半部分论述了在 low level microwave exposures中，微波可能对人体造成的影响。故综合来看，选项 D的说法比较全面。故答案为 D。4.Microwaves are _.（分数：2.00）A.absolutely safe at low levelsB.very efficient for cooki

29、ng C.cancer-causing iii people with weak eyesD.completely understood by scientists解析：根据文章第三段对微波特性的叙述，作者得出“cooking process is much more efficient than in conventional ovens”，故选项 B正确。从最后一段实验的动物的反映来看，一些科学家认为“microwave radiation is harmful”，故排除选项 C；由于“NO research has yet been performed on people”，因此选项 C

30、的说法没有根据；选项 D的说法明显错误。5.As used in the 3ut paragraph of this passage, the word “documnted“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.numberedB.recorded C.legalD.believable解析：根据本句中的“case“和“report“判断，选项 B正确。documented 备有证明文件的。recorded 有记录的。numbered 有限的，时日无多的。legal 法律的，法定的，合法的。 believable 可信的。三、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)6.Which

31、 of the following is a true statement?（分数：2.00）A.Since 1866, use of the metric system in the U.S. has been increasing. B.Since 1988, the metric system has been the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S. trade and life.C.In 1988, Congress passed a law to prevent the use of the Customary Sy

32、stem in trade and commerce.D.On Dec. 23, 1975, Pres. Gerald R. Ford signed the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 to adopt the metric system in the U. S.解析：第三段第一句指出“Since that time，use of the metric system in the UShas slowly and steadily increased“，故选项 A正确。选项 B和 D均与文章的叙述有出入，而选项 C在文中并未提及。7.Which unit bel

33、ongs to the Customary System?（分数：2.00）A.meterB.kilogramC.secondD.foot 解析：根据文章最后一段的内容知，选项 A、B 和 C都是 the International System中的单位，故只有选项 D属于 the Customary System。8.Two systems of weights and measures used in the U.S. are _.（分数：2.00）A.the U. S. Customary System and the metric system B.the International

34、System and the metric systemC.the Imperial System and the metric systemD.the Customary System and the Imperial system解析：文章第一段提到了四个度量衡制度的名称，它们是 the USCustomary System， the International System of Units，the metric system 及 the Imperial System。它们之间的关系是 the U5Customary System 和 the International System

35、of Units是现今美国通用的制度，而 the system就是 the International System of Units，只是后者 more complete and coherent，the USCustomary System 是由 the Imperial System发展而来，但又有所不同。故此题答案为 A。9.Which of the following is the probable title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The British Imperial System.B.The Customary System.C.The Inte

36、rnational System of Units.D.The Metric System. 解析：全文主要在阐述 The Metric System以前特殊的法律地位，被政府通过的过程，并提及当前使用的现状，故 D项正确。10.Which of the following state statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The Customary System originated from the British Imperial System.B.The Customary System has just been used in daily time.C

37、.The metric system was specifically sanctioned by Congress in 1866.D.From 1964, using the units of the International System has been the policy of the National Bureau of Standards. 解析：文章第五段的公告中是这么说的“it shall be the policy of the National Bureau of Standards to use the units of the International syst

38、em(IS)”，而不是选项 D中所说的“has been the policy“。故答案为 D。四、Passage 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)11.Which of the following may be the probable title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.College Freshmen Attitudes.B.College Freshmen Finances.C.College Freshmen Future Professions.D.College Freshmen Survey. 解析：通篇文章主要是针对 the 28th annu

39、al survey of college freshmen的调查结果进行论述，其中包括各个方面，内容涉及选项 A、B 和 C所说的内容。故选项 D的说法比较全面。12.The reason for attending college was_.（分数：2.00）A.to be able to make more money B.to be able to make a good college selectionC.to be able to get financial assistanceD.to be able to work full-time解析：文章第二段提到 a“very impo

40、rtant”reason for attending college was“to be able to make more money”or“to get a better job”，即上大学的最重要原因是挣更多的钱或是找到一份好工作，故选项 A正确。而 get financial assistance是 college selection中的重要因素。13.According to the 28th annual survey of college freshmen conducted by the American Council on Education UCLA, _.（分数：2.0

41、0）A.more than half of college freshmen planned to seek advanced degrees B.men, for the first time in the history of the survey, were more likely than women to pursue ail major types of advanced degreesC.in 1993, more men than women sought such degreesD.both A and C解析：文章第一段指在这次调查中“65 of college fresh

42、men planned to seek advanced degrees“，故选项 A正确。同时文章提到“For the first timeadvanced degrees”，即在调查史上第一次女性比男性更想获得高学位，故选项 B错误；文章还说到“In 1993，more women than men sought such degrees”，故选项 C错误。14.Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Students were becoming more and more interested in business fi

43、elds.B.College freshmen were becoming more and more indifferent to politics.C.Students were giving more and more support for handgun control. D.Students were giving more and more support for legislation to out law homosexuality and marijuan解析：根据文章第四段的叙述可知，“studentsinterest in business fields continu

44、ed to decline”，即学生在商业方面的兴趣下降了，故选项 A错误；第五段指出“College freshmen were more likely to identifyfalling below half”，即相对于以前的中立而言，新生们更偏向于明确自己的政治倾向，故选项 B错误；文章最后一段提到“supported greater efforts to Centrol handguns”，故选项 C正确；由“student support for legislation to outlaw homosexuality declined“可知选项 D错误。15.Students se

45、lf-rating on “emotional health“ and “physical health“ reached all-lime lows. The reason may be _.（分数：2.00）A.the increasing competitive pressuresB.problems at home C.increasing stressD.strong interest in health protessions解析：文章第三段指出“Problems at home may be a cause”，即家庭内部的问题可能是导致学生身心不够健康的一个原因，同时作者近一步指

46、出“high percentages of freshmen reported their fathers occupation as“unemployed”(3.7)”，即有 3.7的新生的父亲是失业的。故答案为 A。五、Passage 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)16.Londons Big Bang and Japans Big Bang _.（分数：2.00）A.are closely related with each otherB.have only a little relation ship with each other C.are same in qualityD.a

47、m same in results解析：由文章的叙述可知，Japans Big Bang 只是沿用了 Londons Big Bang的名字，事实上它将“much bigger and far more comprehensive than what occurred in London“。故选项 B正解。17.As used in paragraph 2 of this passage, the word “revitalize“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.to restore vitality B.to reconsider for further improvementC.to

48、 return to a former stageD.to attach importance解析：由文章的叙述知，Japans Big Bang 的目的是 to revitalize Japans entire financial sector，而后文在提到 Japans financial system时用的是“ailing(生病的，境况不佳的)”一词，再加上全文讲述的重点是对 Japans financial system进行的全面改革，因此我们可以推断“revitalize”的意思是“新生”。故答案为 A。18.From the passage, we can infer that “big bang“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.the explosion happened billions of years ago, from a single point of nearly infinite energy destiny, which br