【考研类试卷】考博英语-333及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-333 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.It is reported that the worst pedestrian jam in this city occurs around this crossroads.（分数：1.00）A.confessionB.congestionC.digestionD.exhaustion2.Great works are performed not by strength but by persistence.（分数：1.00）A.permanence

2、B.proliferationC.perseveranceD.predominance3.In the country we are excluded from the worries of life in a big town.（分数：1.00）A.envelopedB.protectedC.insulatedD.subtracted4.It is said that science has become too complex to acknowledge the existence of universal truths.（分数：1.00）A.addressB.declareC.affi

3、rmD.perceive5.They demand to set up an organization flexible enough to cope with any emergency.（分数：1.00）A.portableB.valiantC.trivialD.mobile6.This program will take kids who have a manifest history of violent acts.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.demonstratedC.administratedD.distinguished7.Through the discuss

4、ion they gained an extraordinary insight into the complexity of womens emotions.（分数：1.00）A.cleverness ofB.knowledge ofC.prediction ofD.perception of8.It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.（分数：1.00）A.pageantB.patronageC.paradoxD.pendulum9.This style of

5、writing, incidentally, is suggestive of what is called the “newsreel technique“ of John Dos Passos.（分数：1.00）A.reminiscentB.collectiveC.forgettableD.advisable10.Peter was seen crying when he came out of the office. We can deduce that he must have been punished.（分数：1.00）A.conferB.referC.preferD.infer1

6、1.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism.（分数：1.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor12.To their great surprise, they found the floodwater had damaged the buildings foundation.（分数：1.00）A.underlainB.underlinedC.undertakenD.undermined13.His inability to learn foreign

7、languages was a(n) obstacle to his career.（分数：1.00）A.barrierB.excessC.carrierD.impulse14.His major task is to integrate the work of various bureaus under the ministry.（分数：1.00）A.organizeB.correspondC.coordinateD.respond15.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive stat

8、ement.（分数：1.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender16.The principal duty of the United Nations is to safeguard the peace of the world.（分数：1.00）A.primaryB.primeC.privilegedD.precedent17.In the 1998s flood in China a large number of victims suffered the loss of their homes.（分数：1.00）A.expenseB.sacr

9、ificeC.damageD.incentive18.In the deserted factory several huge machines were left to rust and decay.（分数：1.00）A.inaugurateB.disintegrateC.accelerateD.disseminate19.The employer tried to bully his employees from staging strikes by threatening to close down the entire plant.（分数：1.00）A.intimidateB.inte

10、grateC.ridiculeD.humiliate20.One of the real services of the historical novel is not that it can be a substitute for history, but that it can be a(n) extension.（分数：1.00）A.complimentB.supplementC.instrumentD.replacement21.In view of obstruction and disappointment, the prime minister decided to make p

11、arliamentary alliance.（分数：1.00）A.frustrationB.illustrationC.capitulationD.clarification22.A shift from native bronze to iron artifacts took place under the influence of cultural borrowings.（分数：1.00）A.transitionB.transmissionC.transactionD.transference23.Crew chiefs supervised engines, switches and l

12、ights that told them how each item of equipment was functioning.（分数：1.00）A.observedB.preservedC.monitoredD.nurtured24.At first I guessed it was an airplane, but I soon changed my mind because it remained static instead of moving like a plane.（分数：1.00）A.stationaryB.statutoryC.stationeryD.statuesque25

13、.The guest turned upside down his glass as a signal that he would drink no more.（分数：1.00）A.conversedB.inversedC.traversedD.reversed26.The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment.（分数：1.00）A.executionB.excursionC.expansionD.extinction27.They suggested that an agency

14、 be created to carry out, the recommendation of the committee.（分数：1.00）A.implementB.complimentC.supplementD.complement28.In 1986 the country initiated restrictions on the use of pesticides.（分数：1.00）A.institutedB.constitutedC.prosecutedD.distributed29.In this monumental work the entire storehouse of

15、the worlds art is surveyed.（分数：1.00）A.impressiveB.expressiveC.progressiveD.possessive30.We are totally unable, after decades of experiment, to replicate ancient glazed pottery.（分数：1.00）A.produceB.manufactureC.dramatizeD.duplicate二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For reason

16、s yet to be fully understood, one out of ten human beings in the world is left-handed, and from one generation to the next, this ratio is roughly preserved. As we know, left-handedness cuts across socioeconomic, ethnic, and gender lines. Yet throughout history prominent figures in scienceto say noth

17、ing of religionhave identified in left-handedness signs of viciousness or worse. In 1903, Italian physician Cesare Lombroso identified left-handedness as one of the degeneracy signs of the born criminals. Three years later, Dr. Wilhelm Fliess suggested that left-handedness was a reliable identificat

18、ion of homosexuality. And in 1937 British psychologist Cyril Burt declared left-handedness to be a mark of an ill-organized nervous system.As demonstrated by all the “therapeutic“ coercion that left-handed children were subjected to during the first half of the 20th century, these biases had more th

19、an just a theoretical impact. Yet even when this gauche predilection was being discouraged, handism was certainly never taken as seriously as racism or sexism now is. Perhaps its the arbitrary nature of the trait that has militated against meaningful discrimination. After all, even when both parents

20、 are right-handed, there is still a 10 percent Chance that they will bring a left-handed baby into the world. Moreover, a white baby born in Scarsdale is just as likely to be left-handed as a black baby in Harlem. Hence when the left-handed George Bush became President of the United States, it was h

21、ardly interpreted as a blow against prejudice. Nor was much attention paid to the fact that Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford were also southpaws.（分数：5.00）(1).Left-handedness is _.（分数：1.00）A.a thing that is cultivatedB.a thing that occurs by pure chanceC.a thing of genetic inheritanceD.a thing that occu

22、rs more in prominent figures(2).According to the passage, left-handedness _.（分数：1.00）A.is discouraged but not discriminated againstB.hals caused discrimination as serious as sexism and racismC.is a subject that has drawn more and more attentionD.is an advantage in running for public office(3).The wo

23、rd “handism“ in Line 3 Paragraph 2 most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.being skillful with ones handsB.quality of being convenientC.discrimination against left-handed peopleD.encouragement to use both hands instead of one(4).The word “southpaws“ at the end of the passage means（分数：1.00）A.a boxer from th

24、e southB.a politician from a southern stateC.a person with extraordinarily large handsD.a left-handed person(5).Judging from the context, Scarsdale is a place inhabited by _.（分数：1.00）A.white peopleB.black peopleC.mixed racesD.rich people四、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)One in three Americans said that mone

25、y was a crucial factor in their decision to work for pay (or have a spouse work) rather than stay home to raise the children, with Baby Boomer women most likely to have made that choice. Forty-five percent of Baby Boomer womencompared with just 32 percent of those 55 and oversaid they went to work.

26、“Baby Boomer women, especially the older ones, grew up expecting to replicate the pattern of their mothers lives,“ suggests Hochschild. “But then the bills started coming in and more job opportunities opened up, and these women moved into a life they hadnt anticipated.“Money played a great role in m

27、arriageeven an unhappy one. Approximately 18 percent of all those interviewed said they stayed married because they lacked money to get a divorce, while less than 8 percent said that financial strain in their marriage has caused them to divorce.Lack of money also influenced education choices. Nearly

28、 one in four Americans has postponed or decided not to attend college because of financial pressures. Even with the sustained prosperity of the past eight years, Gen-Xers were most likely to have altered their college plans. A 39-year-old Hispanic billing clerk in New York spoke about how the need f

29、or money limited her teenager sons ability to take part in extracurricular activities that could increase his chances of getting into college. “Since age 14, my sons been working, and I think he is a superb person. Not having a lot of money has made him realize what work is all about. On the other h

30、and, he was elected to go to a youth leadership conference in Washington, and I cant send him because I dont have the money. Lack of money takes away opportunities he otherwise could have had.“On the question of what money can and cant buy, a large majority of Americans said that money could buy “fr

31、eedom to live as you choose“, “excitement in life“, and “less stress“. In a number of follow-up interviews, many people commented that having extra money would immediately alleviate one source of profound stressthe need to work overtime. Those with college and graduate degrees were far more likely t

32、o believe that money can buy freedom, perhaps because better-educated people already have a wider array of choices. College educated professionals, for instance, were much more likely to consider wealth a way of financing travel, starting a business of their own, or funding charitable works in their

33、 communities.A 55-year-old Hispanic woman in Los Angeles with a graduate degree and an income of more than $90,000 described a midlife career switch. After resigning from a high-level, high paying but extremely stressfulcivil service job, she became a florist. “After I started tearing my hair out,“

34、she said, “I decided to go into business for myselfflowers dont talk back.“Can money buy peace of mind? Fifty-two percent of Americans said no. “It all depends on what peace means to you,“ observed a businesswoman in California who is nearing 60 and would like to retire at 62 and go back to college.

35、 “For my husband, peace of mind means working as long as he can and collecting the biggest possible pension. For me, it means knowing Ive worked long enough so that I can afford to go after an old dream. I guess you should say that my peace of mind is his worry./（分数：5.00）(1).According to the writer,

36、 older Baby Boomer women went to work chiefly because _.（分数：1.00）A.there were more job opportunitiesB.they were bored staying at homeC.they dont have enough money to buy their own houseD.life was costly(2).According to this passage, money plays a more important role in _.（分数：1.00）A.keeping people in

37、 a marriageB.causing a divorceC.raising the childrenD.limiting ones ability(3).From Paragraph 3 we can learn that _.（分数：1.00）A.the 14-year-old son did not enjoy his workB.without money you never make education choicesC.most Gen-Xers wanted to change their college plansD.most Gen-Xers did not change

38、their college plans(4).The reason why the 55-year-old Hispanic woman became a florist is that _.（分数：1.00）A.she no longer had hairB.she hated to meet very rude peopleC.she did not like civil service jobsD.midlife career switch was a widespread practice(5).From the last paragraph we can see that _.（分数

39、：1.00）A.both the husband and wife have peace of mindB.only the husband has peace of mindC.only the wife has peace of mindD.neither of them has peace of mind五、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Computer monitoring is most often intended to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the workplace, but with good int

40、entions comes the opportunity for abuse by employers and employees alike. Computer Monitoring in the 21st Century written by a futurist is an exceptional observation as to what the future may hold for those people choosing to enter the technological field such as industry, commerce, medicine and sci

41、ence.As computer monitoring increases, there comes a concern for the types of effects it may have in the workplace. The article says: “By the end of the decade, as many as 30 million people may constantly be monitored in their jobs.“ As computer systems become so sophisticated, this number will dras

42、tically increase. As we enter this new age of technology, we must remember that with more power comes more responsibility by employers and employees alike. Knowledge can be used as a weapon or as a tool. For instance, monitoring abuse can be found in the situation of airline agents. The agents disco

43、vered that by keeping customers on hold while finishing their work they could gain an extra 5-minute break. In the future, employees who are accustomed to evading the monitoring system may no longer be able to tolerate it. These types of employees may find they can no longer survive the added pressu

44、re of not being able to evade the system.While monitoring can add pressure to some employees, it can also be a relief to others. It is a relief to the employee, because it provides information readily at hand. With the use of prompts, acting as reminders to workers, the information needed is passed

45、on efficiently allowing employees to do a better job. However, if prompts are used to tell an employee how much time has been wasted or how bad an employee is doing his job, it could cause the opposite effect. Monitoring can have a positive effect on workers by letting the employees access their own

46、 information. In a study, early information about job performance given by a computer is accepted better than a performance rating given by a boss. At this time, monitoring is based on the output of an employees performance. In the future, there will be more freedom for employees to use their own id

47、eas, therefore making monitoring more effective. One example of monitoring as a weapon is seen when a woman who took an extra minute in the bathroom was threatened with loosing her job. With this added stress she suffered a nervous breakdown. The company insisted that they were not “spying“ but were

48、 only trying to improve their business. If monitoring is not used correctly, businesses will suffer with increases in operating costs because of increased turnover, absenteeism, medical costs and workers compensation. Employers who use positive reinforcement with monitoring will guarantee better mot

49、ivation.Legislation has the potential to help employees with issues of better treatment and the fight to privacy. In the new century, companies that succeeded will be the ones who learn from the past and from the “me boss and you employee“ mentality. A good blacksmith can take a hammer and forge a weapon into a tool that can benefit the whole village. Employers are the blacksmiths; employees are the hammers. Monitoring is the tool. It takes both to make a tool to benefit the future.（分数：5.00）(1).From Paragraph 1, we