【考研类试卷】GCT工程硕士（英语）-试卷79及答案解析.doc

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1、GCT工程硕士（英语）-试卷 79及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：11，分数：22.00)1.Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your a

2、nswer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：2.00）_2.She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would_her long effort.（分数：2.00）A.justifyB.testifyC.rectifyD.verify3.I“m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to_my debt in return for certain

3、services.（分数：2.00）A.take awayB.cut outC.write offD.clear up4.Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great_.（分数：2.00）A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggerationD.stimulation5.According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post_no responsibility

4、with it at all?（分数：2.00）A.shouldersB.possessesC.carriesD.shares6.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his_to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.（分数：2.00）A.commentB.reactionC.impressionD.comprehension7.My sister can“t cook;_.（分数：2.00）A.my brother

5、 can“t tooB.either can my brotherC.neither can my brotherD.nor my brother can8._,they have boldly undertaken the construction of a 26 storied building.（分数：2.00）A.As they are youngB.Young as they areC.They are as youngD.As young as they are9.China is no longer_it used to be.（分数：2.00）A.whatB.of whatC.

6、ifD.which10.To a highly imaginative writer,_is a pad of paper and a pen.（分数：2.00）A.all are requiredB.all required isC.all is requiredD.all that is required11.It was_he was too clumsy to drive a car that Jim hadn“t learned to drive.（分数：2.00）A.asB.forC.becauseD.because of二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分

7、数：50.00)12.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through

8、the center.（分数：10.00）_Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on sciencefor example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilder

9、ness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will Be bombarded(受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science. Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of

10、 the future, become functionally acquainted with sciencewith the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounterflashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows. Beside

11、s, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether i

12、t is geography, history, language arts, music, or art! Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude“. Those who possess it seek answers through ohserving, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evi

13、dence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be exp

14、ected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed.（分数：10.00）(1).One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will_.（分数：2.00）A.work in scientific research institutionsB.work at jobs Clos

15、ely related to scienceC.make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD.be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration(2).There is no doubt that children like learning science because _.（分数：2.00）A.science is linked with many of the things they meetB.science is a very easy subject for

16、 them to learnC.they encounter the facts and principles of science dailyD.they are familiar with the process and spirit of science(3).Pupils can learn logical thinking while_.（分数：2.00）A.practicing communication skillsB.studying geographyC.taking art coursesD.learning science(4).People with a scienti

17、fic attitude _.（分数：2.00）A.are ready to accept the pronouncements of othersB.tend to reach conclusions with certaintyC.are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgmentsD.seek truth through observation, experimentation and reasoning(5).In the passage the writer seems to _.（分数：2.00）A.prove that

18、science is a successful course in schoolB.point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in schoolC.suggest that science should be included in the school curriculumD.oredict that children who learn science will be good scientistsLead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1

19、960“s and 70“s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journ

20、al Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environme

21、nt at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were differ

22、ent from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate(区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lea

23、d levels in soil in the Northeasten United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the

24、 same sites of30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expeeted. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem(生态系统) respond rapidly to redu

25、ctions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.（分数：10.00）(1).The study published in the journal Nature indicates that _.（分数：2.00）A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increaseC.lead will

26、stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD.the U.S. is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow(2).Lead accumulation“ worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the U.S._.（分数：2.00）A.was discouragedB.was enforced by lawC.was prohibited by lawD.was introduced(3).How d

27、id scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?（分数：2.00）A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature.B.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D.By comparing

28、the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.(4).The authors of the Ambio study have found that_.（分数：2.00）A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC.lead deposits are widely distributed in the for

29、ests of the U.S.D.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists（分数：2.00）A.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC.still consider lead pollution a problemD.

30、lack sufficient means to combat lead pollutionIn recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ten-miles moved by rails. Next

31、 year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four rail roads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of

32、 monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the

33、rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal

34、government“s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long nm it reduces everyone“s cost. If railroads charged all c

35、ustomers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It% theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railro

36、ads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?“ asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper. Many captive shippers also worry they wil

37、l soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one an

38、other, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail“s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who“s going to pay for the rest of the bil

39、l? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.（分数：10.00）(1).According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because _.（分数：2.00）A.cost reduction is based on competition.B.services call for cross-trade coordination.C.out

40、side competitors will continue to exist.D.shippers will have the railway by the throat.(2).What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?（分数：2.00）A.Indifferent.B.Supportive.C.Indignant.D.Apprehensive.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.sh

41、ippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B.there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C.overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D.a government board ensures fair play in railway business.(4).The word “arbiters“(Line 6, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to

42、 those _.（分数：2.00）A.who work as coordinators.B.who function as judges.C.who supervise transact ions.D.who determine the price.(5).According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by_.（分数：2.00）A.the continuing acquisition.B.the growing traffic.C.the cheering Wall Street.

43、D.the shrinking market.Americans today don“t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervas

44、ive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren“t difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual“, says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance“. Razitch“s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reform

45、s, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without

46、the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shortis, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society“. “Intellect is resented as a form

47、 of power or privilege“, writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and popu

48、list urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous bo

49、ok learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing“. Mark Twain“s Huckleberry Firm exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing