【学历类职业资格】全国自考（英语写作）-试卷5及答案解析.doc

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1、全国自考（英语写作）-试卷 5 及答案解析(总分：6.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Supply the missing p(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.Benefits of Face-to-Face Communication Face-to-face communication is the first basic communication method. In the era of information technology, people are now faced with a myriad of communication options. Be it letters,

2、 emails, or telephone conversations, none is more effective than face-to-face interaction, because it helps the speaker to convey a complete message, obtain immediate feedback, and build trusting relationship. _ In addition, face-to-face communication provides immediate feedback. If the message is a

3、mbiguous, the speaker can clarify it right away. The listener can raise questions if he feels confused. Hence, the speaker can detect and prevent possible misunderstandings or confusion among the listeners. Since all the people involved in the interactive process can easily see each other, their app

4、roval, interest, or disregard can easily be deduced and dealt with. Renowned CEOs, like Bill Gates, attach much importance to face-to-face communication and highly appreciate the timely responses of the staff at business meetings. Lastly, face-to-face communication enhances the relationship between

5、people. Its difficult to build rapport only over emails or through phone calls. It seems that people tend to depend less and less on face-to-face talks to express their gratitude and appreciation, but this form of contact is extremely important for establishing trusting relationship. As an office wo

6、rker, what would you feel when your colleagues come up to your desk and congratulate you on the great report you sent or the presentation you made recently? If a team leader calls his team members to the office just to say “thanks“ and pat their backs, the team will be sure to take a liking to him i

7、mmediately. Even in the modern world full of electronic communication devices, face-to-face communication remains the most powerful human interaction. Without face-to-face communication, information recipients have to interpret an incomplete message, because much of the information gained in communi

8、cation is derived from non-verbal cues. They have no chance to question the speaker or clarify the information. Moreover, they are unlikely to feel warmth from or build trust on the message deliverer. Therefore, face-to-face interaction cannot be replaced by other forms of communication.（分数：2.00）_二、

9、Write an outline(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.The Effects of Television on Childrens Social Relations TV presents the child with a distorted definition of reality. The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western town exists within his own limited reality. His experience with social problems or people o

10、f different races, religions, or nationalities is probably somewhat limited. As television exposes him to a diversity of people and ideas, it surely expands the boundaries of his-reality. It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that we must examine caref

11、ully what those images are. If they are inaccurate or distorted, then televisions reality is potentially harmful. TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way. It portrays some categories of people with beauty, power and i

12、mportance and renders others weak, helpless or invisible. So serious is the relative invisibility of some groups on TV that Dr. George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communications contends, “If youre not on TV, you dont exist.“ The TV camera selects certain images to be examples, sometimes func

13、tioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best. When TV producers focus on violent ugliness, they lift it out and hold it up for all to see, making it impressively larger than life. A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed by only five peo

14、ple may be videotaped, broadcast and “witnessed“ vicariously by millions of people, thus multiplying the example set by the fist fighters. In the United States, most people have not witnessed murder, yet because of television most children have seen hundreds of thousands of violent deaths and theref

15、ore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is. TV says, in effect: This is the way the world works. There are the rules. The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorified, and so believed and accepted as models to be copied. After TV heavily promoted Evel Knievels attem

16、pt to “fly“ his motorcycle Over the Snake River, many children imitated his stunts with their bicycles on home made ramps. And many landed in hospitals. TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves and others. Too f

17、requently stereotypes provide us with instant definitions. The stereotype assigns to an individual characteristics associated with a group that may or may not be accurate. We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes. Via TVs stereotypes we se

18、e men as strong and active, women pretty and at home. All too frequently, minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped roles, more as white male producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive them selves. Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily influence vie

19、wers behavior toward unfamiliar people. TV images, in fact, teach values and behaviors, especially to children who have little firsthand knowledge of the real world. To the extent that children are exposed to certain characters portrayals and behaviors on TV, they may acquire or learn those behavior

20、s and roles and eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and actions. Perhaps most serious are the effects of information distortions on the childs self-image. At some level we begin to judge our own meaning, dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characters who portray people l

21、ike us. We should be fully aware that there inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to childrens growth. _（分数：2.00）_三、Compose an essay(总题数：1，分数：2.00)3.Write a description of your hometown.（分数：2.00）_全国自考（英语写作）-试卷 5 答案解析(总分：6.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Supply the missing p(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.Benefits of Fa

22、ce-to-Face Communication Face-to-face communication is the first basic communication method. In the era of information technology, people are now faced with a myriad of communication options. Be it letters, emails, or telephone conversations, none is more effective than face-to-face interaction, bec

23、ause it helps the speaker to convey a complete message, obtain immediate feedback, and build trusting relationship. _ In addition, face-to-face communication provides immediate feedback. If the message is ambiguous, the speaker can clarify it right away. The listener can raise questions if he feels

24、confused. Hence, the speaker can detect and prevent possible misunderstandings or confusion among the listeners. Since all the people involved in the interactive process can easily see each other, their approval, interest, or disregard can easily be deduced and dealt with. Renowned CEOs, like Bill G

25、ates, attach much importance to face-to-face communication and highly appreciate the timely responses of the staff at business meetings. Lastly, face-to-face communication enhances the relationship between people. Its difficult to build rapport only over emails or through phone calls. It seems that

26、people tend to depend less and less on face-to-face talks to express their gratitude and appreciation, but this form of contact is extremely important for establishing trusting relationship. As an office worker, what would you feel when your colleagues come up to your desk and congratulate you on th

27、e great report you sent or the presentation you made recently? If a team leader calls his team members to the office just to say “thanks“ and pat their backs, the team will be sure to take a liking to him immediately. Even in the modern world full of electronic communication devices, face-to-face co

28、mmunication remains the most powerful human interaction. Without face-to-face communication, information recipients have to interpret an incomplete message, because much of the information gained in communication is derived from non-verbal cues. They have no chance to question the speaker or clarify

29、 the information. Moreover, they are unlikely to feel warmth from or build trust on the message deliverer. Therefore, face-to-face interaction cannot be replaced by other forms of communication.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： To begin with, face-to-face communication affords the speaker the opportunity to del

30、iver his complete message. In a face-to-face interaction, emotions, moods and expressions come forth to the surface, which are not seen or felt from written words or words spoken on the telephone. Through eye contact, facial expressions and body language, the speaker gives the listener a thorough id

31、ea of his point of view. All these factors influence how the same words are received. For example, by leaning forward on his chair, opening his arms and moving his hands in a forceful manner, the speaker can convey interest and leadership.)解析：解析： 浏览全文可知，这篇文章为说明文。它可分成三个大的部分： 开头段，数个主体段和结论段。开头段是第一段。它由导

32、入语和主题句组成。面对面的交流是人们最基本的沟通方法(这是导入语一)。在信息技术快速发展的时代，人们可以通过各种形式来实现面对面的交流(这是导入语二)，因为只有面对面的交流才能表达完整的信息、获得及时的反馈并建立双方信任的合作关系。(导出主题句) 第三段：讲到面对面的交流能为我们提供及时的反馈(main idea)。 首先，如果信息传递的不准确或者模糊时，讲话者可以立即进行解释。 听者如果有疑问，也可以立即进行提问。其中比尔.盖茨也曾指出面对面交流的重要性以及在生意上信息反馈的及时性。 第四段：提到面对面的交流也能加强双方的合作关系(main idea)。如今采用面对面沟通的方式来表达感谢的人

33、越来越少了。但是面对面交流是建立双方信任关系的重要方式。 第五段：属于结论段，是对全文的总结和概括，是对主题句的强调和深化。 很显然，面对面的交流的第 2 个好处在第三段了详尽了阐述，第 3 个好处在第四段作了详尽的阐述。那么可推知第三段应阐述二面对面交流能表达完整的信息。为了保持文章风格的一致，阐述方式可参照第三、四段。二、Write an outline(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.The Effects of Television on Childrens Social Relations TV presents the child with a distorted definiti

34、on of reality. The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western town exists within his own limited reality. His experience with social problems or people of different races, religions, or nationalities is probably somewhat limited. As television exposes him to a diversity of people and idea

35、s, it surely expands the boundaries of his-reality. It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that we must examine carefully what those images are. If they are inaccurate or distorted, then televisions reality is potentially harmful. TV distorts reality by

36、 selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way. It portrays some categories of people with beauty, power and importance and renders others weak, helpless or invisible. So serious is the relative invisibility of some groups on TV that Dr. George G

37、erbner of the Annenberg School of Communications contends, “If youre not on TV, you dont exist.“ The TV camera selects certain images to be examples, sometimes functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best. When TV producers focus on violent ugliness, t

38、hey lift it out and hold it up for all to see, making it impressively larger than life. A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed by only five people may be videotaped, broadcast and “witnessed“ vicariously by millions of people, thus multiplying the example set by the fist fighter

39、s. In the United States, most people have not witnessed murder, yet because of television most children have seen hundreds of thousands of violent deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is. TV says, in effect: This is the way the world works. There are the rules

40、. The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorified, and so believed and accepted as models to be copied. After TV heavily promoted Evel Knievels attempt to “fly“ his motorcycle Over the Snake River, many children imitated his stunts with their bicycles on home made ramps. And many land

41、ed in hospitals. TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves and others. Too frequently stereotypes provide us with instant definitions. The stereotype assigns to an individual characteristics associated with a gro

42、up that may or may not be accurate. We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes. Via TVs stereotypes we see men as strong and active, women pretty and at home. All too frequently, minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped

43、roles, more as white male producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive them selves. Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily influence viewers behavior toward unfamiliar people. TV images, in fact, teach values and behaviors, especially to children who have little firsthand

44、 knowledge of the real world. To the extent that children are exposed to certain characters portrayals and behaviors on TV, they may acquire or learn those behaviors and roles and eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and actions. Perhaps most serious are the effects of informatio

45、n distortions on the childs self-image. At some level we begin to judge our own meaning, dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characters who portray people like us. We should be fully aware that there inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to childrens growth. _（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：

46、I. Introduction: The presentation of distorted reality on TV A. Childrens limited experience B. Childrens heavy reliance on TV C. TVs distorted reality D. Thesis: The reality as presented by TV is potentially harmful. II. Different ways of distorting reality A. Portrayal of stereotypes B. Selection

47、of the undesirable III. TVs strong effects A. Childrens imitation of stars, actions B. Inaccurate portrayal of unfamiliar people C. Childrens acceptance of TV images as models D. Harmful effects on the childs self-image)解析：解析： 这是一篇关于电视对孩子与社会接触的影响的文章，要写出提纲，首先要了解文章各段所讲的内容和各段落之间的关系。 第一段：主要讲电视会呈现给孩子歪曲的事实。一个居住在小镇的孩子，他了解现实的途径是有限的。他处理问题的社会经验或对其他种族、宗教、民族的了解也是有局限的。而电视将呈现给他形形色色的人和事，这必定扩大他的视野。由于孩子十分依赖电视来定义现实，所以我们有必要检查电视究竟怎样呈现世界。最后点明文章主旨：如果电视中的事实是歪曲的或不准确