ISO 18604-2013 Packaging and the environment - Material recycling《包装与环境 材料回收利用》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2013 Packaging and the environment Material recycling Emballage et environnement Recyclage de matriau INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18604 First edition 2013-01-15 Reference number ISO 18604:2013(E) ISO 18604:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights re

2、served. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requ

3、ester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 18604:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1

4、 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Application . 2 4.2 Packaging assessment 2 4.3 Declaration of percentage recyclable 2 4.4 Meeting the requirements of this International Standard . 2 4.5 Support documentation 2 Annex A (normative) Procedures to evaluate packaging recoverable by mat

5、erial recycling 3 Annex B (normative) Procedure for assessing recyclability criteria 5 Annex C (informative) Example of statements to determine the percentage of a packaging unit recyclable . 8 Annex D (informative) Examples of declaration of the percentage by weight of a packaging unit which can be

6、 recycled 11 Bibliography .18 ISO 18604:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each m

7、ember body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International

8、Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards a

9、dopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p

10、atent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18604 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 4, Packaging and environment.iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 18604:2013(E) Introduction Packaging plays a critical r

11、ole in almost every industry, every sector, and every supply chain. Appropriate packaging is essential to prevent loss of goods and, as a result, decrease impact on the environment. Effective packaging makes a positive contribution towards achieving a sustainable society by, e.g.: a) meeting consume

12、r needs and expectations for the protection of goods, safety, handling, and information; b) efficiently using resources and limiting environmental impact; c) saving costs in the distribution and merchandising of goods. An environmental assessment of packaging should include the manufacturing and dis

13、tribution system, the wastage of packaging material and goods, the relevant collection systems, as well as recovery or disposal operations. This group of ISO standards and supporting reports provides a set of procedures which aim to: d) reduce environmental impact; e) support innovation in product,

14、packaging, and the supply chain; f) avoid undue restrictions on the use of packaging; g) prevent barriers and restrictions to trade. A packaging should be designed to provide a number of functions for users and producers such as: containment, protection, information, convenience, unitization, handli

15、ng, delivery, or presentation of goods. A major role of packaging is prevention of damage to, or loss of goods. (See ISO 18601, Annex A for a list of the functions of packaging.) ISO 18601 defines the interrelationships within the family of ISO standards which cover the environmental impact of packa

16、ging throughout its life cycle (see Figure 1). These standards will help define whether the selected packaging can be optimized and whether the packaging needs to be modified to ensure it can be reused or recovered after use. Demonstration that the requirements of these standards are met can be perf

17、ormed by first party (manufacturer or supplier), second party (user or purchaser), or the support of third party. There are different methods to which public claims on the environmental attributes of packaging are discussed. Some of these are technical aspects on reuse or recovery, others relate to

18、access by the population to reuse or recovery systems or the amount of packaging placed on the market for recovery. This series of standards addresses the technical aspects of packaging. They do not address the requirements of ISO 14021 needed to support a claim or label. This International Standard

19、 does not use the term “and/or” but instead, the term “or” is used as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or both. ISO 2013 All rights reserved v ISO 18604:2013(E) OPTIMIZE p 2 p z pyA xC A z b x z D E R y RECVERY 4 M y5 Ey y yREUE 3 R R Figure 1 Relationship of the Packaging and envi

20、ronment standardsvi ISO 2013 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 18604:2013(E) Packaging and the environment Material recycling 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements for packaging to be classified as recoverable in the form of material recycling while accommodati

21、ng the continuing development of both packaging and recovery technologies and sets out procedures for assessment of meeting the requirements of this International Standard. This International Standard cannot by itself provide presumption of meeting the requirements. The procedure for applying this I

22、nternational Standard is contained in ISO 18601. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editio

23、n of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 18601, Packaging and the environment General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the field of packaging and the environment ISO 21067, Packaging Vocabulary 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the

24、terms and definitions in ISO 21067 and ISO 18601 and the following apply. 3.1 empty packaging p a c ka gi n g i s e m p ty i f , un d e r n o rm al an d f o r e s e e a b l e ci r cumstan c e s , all p r o d u ct r e s i d u e s th a t can b e removed by t he empt ier have been removed using prac t

25、ices commonly employed for t hat t y pe of pack ag ing 3.2 primary (virgin) raw material material which has never been processed into any form of end-use product 3.3 material recycling reprocessing, by means of a manufacturing process, of a used packaging material into a product, a component incorpo

26、rated into a product, or a secondary (recycled) raw material; excluding energy recovery and the use of the product as a fuel Note 1 to entry: References to recycling in this International Standard refer to material recycling. Other options for recycling or recovery are not considered in this Interna

27、tional Standard. 3.4 packaging unit unit which serves a packaging function such as the containment, protection, handling, delivery, storage, transport, and presentation of goods Note 1 to entry: In this International Standard, it is the subject of analysis. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1 ISO 18604:2

28、013(E) 3.5 recycling process physical or chemical process which converts collected and sorted used packaging, together in some instances with other material, into secondary (recycled) raw materials, products, or substances, excluding energy recovery and the use of the product as a fuel 3.6 recyclabl

29、e characteristic of a product, packaging, or associated component that can be diverted from the waste stream through available processes and programmes and can be collected, processed, and returned to use in the form of raw materials or products SOURCE: ISO 14021, definition 7.7.1 3.7 supplier entit

30、y responsible for placing packaging or packaged goods on the market Note 1 to entry: The term “supplier” in normal usage can relate to various points in a supply chain. For the purpose of this International Standard, it relates to any point in the supply chain where a transaction relating to packagi

31、ng or packaged goods takes place. SOURCE: ISO 18601, definition 3.20 3.8 packaging component part of packaging that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means SOURCE: ISO 18601, definition 3.9 4 Requirements 4.1 Application T he applicat ion of t his Inter nat ional St andard to any

32、par t icular pack ag ing shall be as specif ied in ISO 18601. 4.2 Packaging assessment The supplier shall be able to demonstrate that the procedures defined in normative Annexes A and B have been followed in arriving at the final design of the finished packaging such that a certain percentage of the

33、 packaging materials can be claimed to be recyclable. 4.3 Declaration of percentage recyclable Packaging may use more than one material whose relative proportions may vary from small components and constituents, typically represented by labels and closures, to large proportions in multi-material pac

34、kaging. The supplier shall declare the percentage by weight of the packaging unit of packaging that is recyclable, identifying the intended material recycling stream(s). An example of statements for this declaration is given in Annex C. 4.4 Meeting the requirements of this International Standard The

35、 supplier should prepare a written statement of meeting the requirements stated in 4.2 and 4.3. 4.5 Support documentation The assessment shall be documented and examples of the structure of such documentation are given in Annex C and examples are given in Annex D.2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 1

36、8604:2013(E) Annex A (normative) Procedures to evaluate packaging recoverable by material recycling A.1 Objective To identify the criteria that need to be taken into consideration when assessing the suitability of packaging for material recycling. These criteria for recycling should be considered in

37、 a perspective which includes all relevant aspects, from design, manufacture, and use, through to collection and sorting, until the packaging is recovered by material recycling, as well as the development of recycling technologies. This perspective is conveniently illustrated and checked through the

38、 matrix approach presented in Table A.1, which represents a guideline to elaborate practical requirements for packaging recoverable in the form of material recycling. The relevant boxes in Table A.1 highlight the interactions between life cycle steps and criteria for recyclable packaging. A.2 Contro

39、l of packaging construction/composition and processing Ensure that the design of packaging includes consideration of aspects significant for the recycling of the materials from which it is produced. Cont r ol sele c t ion of r aw m at er i a l s u se d i n production/packing/filling operations and,

40、where practicable, collection/sorting operations to ensure that the recycling processes are not negatively affected. A.3 Suitability for available material recycling technology Ensure that the design of packaging makes use of suitable materials or combinations of materials which are compatible with

41、the known, relevant, and industrially available recycling technologies while also recognizing the interrelationship of standards as detailed in 4.1. NOTE The development and marketing of new packaging materials and systems may precede the substantial introduction of appropriate recycling processes.

42、It is recognized that the development and expansion of such recycling processes may take a period of time, and that due consideration should be given regarding the impact on existing collection and recycling processes. Establish a system designed to ensure that new developments in the relevant techn

43、ology for the recycling of the material used in packaging are monitored and recorded and that such records are available to the design function. A.4 Releases to the environment caused by recycling of the packaging after use Take account of the potential change in releases to the environment arising

44、from the used packaging or product residues in the recycling process. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3 ISO 18604:2013(E) Table A.1 Elaboration of requirements by a decision matrix with interactions between life cycle steps and criteria for material recycling of packaging Criteria for recyclable packag

45、ing Life cycle steps Control of packaging construction/composi- tion and processing Suitability for available recycling technologies Releases to the envi- ronment caused by the recycling of used pack- aging A.2 a A.3 a A.4 a Design Relevant Relevant Relevant Production Relevant Relevant Relevant Uti

46、lization Relevant Relevant Sorting by the end-user Relevant Relevant Collection/sorting Relevant Relevant Relevant aThe numbering in the table refers to the Clauses of Annex A.4 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 18604:2013(E) Annex B (normative) Procedure for assessing recyclability criteria B.1 Obje

47、ctive To assess the inter-relationship of the various criteria which support the requirements given in Clause 4 of this International Standard, as identified in Annex A and Table A.1, and detailed in the following paragraphs and in the matrix in Table B.1. B.2 Design criteria Design the packaging, i

48、ncluding construction, composition, combinations, and separability of components, so as to ensure that it is compatible with the specifications of related recycling technologies, enables a certain percentage by weight of materials to be recycled, and takes into account substances or materials that are liable to create technical problems in the recycling process,