ISO 17123-7-2005 Optics and optical instruments - Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments - Part 7 Optical plumbing instruments《光学和光学仪器 .pdf

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1、 Reference number ISO 17123-7:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-7 First edition 2005-03-15 Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments Optique et instruments doptique Mthodes dessai sur site des in

2、struments godsiques et dobservation Partie 7: Instruments de plombage optique ISO 17123-7:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedde

3、d are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. De

4、tails of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem

5、 relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm,

6、 without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 Al

7、l rights reservedISO 17123-7:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Requirements 2 5 Types of optical plumbing instruments 3 6 Test principle .3 7 Test procedure 4 7.1 Test configuration .4 7.2 Measurement .4 7.

8、3 Calculation .4 8 Statistical tests 8 8.1 General .8 8.2 Response to Question a) in 8.19 8.3 Response to Question b) in 8.19 8.4 Response to Question c) in 8.19 8.5 Response to Question d) in 8.110 Annex A (informative) Example of the test procedure11 ISO 17123-7:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights rese

9、rvedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which

10、 a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all mat

11、ters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circu

12、lated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsi

13、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17123-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments. This first edition of ISO 17123-7 cancels and replaces ISO 8322-5:1991, which has been technically revised. ISO

14、17123 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments: Part 1: Theory Part 2: Levels Part 3: Theodolites Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM instruments) Part 5: Electronic tacheometers P

15、art 6: Rotating lasers Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-7:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments 1 Scope This part of ISO 17123 spec

16、ifies field procedures to be adopted when determining and evaluating the precision (repeatability) of optical plumbing instruments and their ancillary equipment, when used in building and surveying measurements. This part of ISO 17123 is not applicable to optical plummets as a device in tribrachs or

17、 in surveying instruments. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task at hand and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are

18、more comprehensive in nature. This part of ISO 17123 can be thought of as one of the first steps in the process of evaluating the uncertainty of a measurement (more specifically a measurand). The uncertainty of a result of a measurement is dependent on a number of factors. These include among others

19、: repeatability, reproducibility (between-day repeatability) and a thorough assessment of all possible error sources, as prescribed by the ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). These field procedures have been developed specifically for in situ applications without the nee

20、d for special ancillary equipment and are purposefully designed to minimize atmospheric influences and effects of imperfect adjustment of the optical plumbing instrument. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer

21、ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms ISO 4463-1, Measurement methods for building Setting-out an

22、d measurement Part 1: Planning and organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria ISO 7077, Measuring methods for building General principles and procedures for the verification of dimensional compliance ISO 7078, Building construction Procedures for setting out, measurement and surveying V

23、ocabulary and guidance notes ISO 9849, Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary ISO 17123-1, Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 1: Theory ISO 17123-7:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved Guide to t

24、he expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML, 1993, corrected and reprinted in 1995 International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (VIM). BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML, 2nd ed., 1993 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose o

25、f this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3534-1, ISO 4463-1, ISO 7077, ISO 7078, ISO 9849, ISO 17123-1, the GUM and the VIM apply. 4 Requirements Before commencing a survey, it is important that the operator ensure that the precision in use of the measuring equipment is appropriate fo

26、r the intended measuring task. The optical plumbing instrument and its ancillary equipment shall be in known and acceptable states of permanent adjustment according to the methods specified in the manufacturers handbook, and used with tripods as recommended by the manufacturer. The results of these

27、tests are influenced by meteorological conditions. An overcast sky and low wind speed guarantee the most favourable weather conditions. The particular conditions to be taken into account may vary depending on where the tasks are to be undertaken. Note shall also be taken of the actual weather condit

28、ions at the time of measurement and the surroundings in which the measurements are made. The conditions chosen for the tests shall match those expected when the intended measuring task is actually carried out (see ISO 7077 and ISO 7078). Above all, this is applicable to the range of vertical distanc

29、es (plumbing heights) over which the plumbing operation shall be carried out. Tests performed in laboratories would provide results which are almost unaffected by many of the above- mentioned measuring conditions, but the costs for such tests are very high, and therefore they are not practicable for

30、 most users. In addition, laboratory tests yield precisions much higher than those that can be obtained under field conditions. For the test procedure described in this part of ISO 17123, a rectangular x-y grid, used as target plate, is necessary. The spacing t of this grid shall fulfil the followin

31、g condition: 2, 9 h t W (1) where 2,9 is a constant factor permitting a good estimation in the grid interval; h is the plumbing height, expressed in meters; is the magnifying power of the telescope. The value of t is obtained in millimetres. ISO 17123-7:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 35 Types

32、of optical plumbing instruments Types of optical plumbing instruments include: instruments using spirit levels; instruments using a compensator; instruments using two compensators. The spirit level or a single compensator ensures that the line of sight is in a vertical plane only perpendicular to th

33、e direction of pointing. The plumb line is the intersection of two vertical planes perpendicular to each other and needs settings and measurements in two perpendicular directions of pointing. An instrument with two compensators ensures that the line of sight is coincident with the plumb line in any

34、direction. Although the differences of the designs are obvious, only one test procedure shall be used for the different types of optical plumbing instruments. Optical plumbing instruments are able to sight upwards or downwards or both. The test procedure is the same in all these cases. The same test

35、 procedure is applicable to laser-emitting plumbing instrument, but with an observation means required separately for observing laser spot on the target. 6 Test principle The test procedure shall be adopted to determine the measure of precision of a particular optical plumbing instrument and its anc

36、illary equipment under field conditions. The measure of precision of any type of optical plumbing instruments is dependent on the plumbing height. Thus the achievable measure of precision in use is expressed as the relative experimental standard deviation of one component of the point transferred on

37、e time over the corresponding plumbing height: s ISO-plumbFurthermore, this procedure may be used to determine: the measure of precision in the use of optical plumbing instruments by a single survey team with a single instrument and its ancillary equipment at a given time; the measure of precision i

38、n the use of a single instrument over time and differing environmental conditions; the measure of precision in the use of each of several optical plumbing instruments in order to enable a comparison of their respective achievable precisions to be obtained under similar field conditions. Statistical

39、tests should be applied to determine whether the experimental standard deviation, s, obtained belongs to the population of the instrumentations theoretical standard deviation, , whether two tested samples belong to the same population, whether the standard deviation of the x-component is equal to th

40、e standard deviation of the y-component and whether the line of sight is coincident with the plumb line. These deviations of the line of sight do not affect the standard deviation obtained by the test procedure as described in Clause 7. The same test procedure is applied to laser-emitting plumbing i

41、nstrument, but with an observation means required separately for observing laser spot on the target. ISO 17123-7:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 7 Test procedure 7.1 Test configuration A rectangular x-y grid as described in Clause 4, shall be established at the plumbing height, h, similar to

42、that of the intended plumbing operation. Figure 1 shows an example of an x-y grid with an interval of 2 mm and a numbering that avoids exchanges of x-y values. This graduated plate shall be levelled approximately and located vertically above or below the mark over or under which the plumbing instrum

43、ent is centred. The orientation of the cross hairs of the telescope shall be parallel to the axes of the target plate within the accuracy of setting. Figure 1 Example of an x-y grid 7.2 Measurement Before commencing the measurements, the instrument shall be allowed to acclimatize to the ambient temp

44、erature. The time required is about 2 min per degree Celsius temperature difference. Furthermore, the user shall check and adjust the collimation error before the test as specified by the manufacturer. Three series of measurements (m = 3, for i = 1, m) shall be carried out. Each series shall consist

45、 of n = 10 (for j = 1, n) sets of measurements. Between the particular series of measurements the instrument has to be lifted and to be set up again. When setting up the instrument, special care shall be taken for centring the instrument above the ground point respectively below the mark above it. A

46、ny set of measurements consists of two observations, x j,Iand x j,II ,with the telescope in diametrically opposite positions I and II (e.g. pointing along the +x-axis and the x-axis) and of two further observations y j,Iand y j,II , with the telescope again in diametrically opposite positions I and

47、II (e.g. pointing along the +y-axis and the y-axis). 7.3 Calculation The measurements of each series are evaluated separately. The index i for the ith series is added only to the symbols of the final results. First, the differences of the readings, x j,Iand x j,II , respectively y j,Iand y j,II , in

48、 the telescope positions I and II are calculated and divided by 2. These values x j , y jare the deviations from the plumb line (see Figure 2): ISO 17123-7:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5Key 1 grid plate Figure 2 Explanatory figure for the calculations () ,I ,II 1 ;1 , . . . , 1 0 2 jjj xxxj

49、= = (2) () ,I ,II 1 ; 1 , . , 10 2 jjj yyyj = = (3) The following step is the calculation of the quasi-observations, x jand y j : () ,I ,II 1 ;1 , . . . , 1 0 2 jjj xxxj = + = (4) () ,I ,II 1 ; 1 , . , 10 2 jjj yyyj = + = (5) where x j is the mean value of the observations, x j,Iand x j,II ; y jis the mean value of the observations, y j,Iand y j,II . The mean values of the quasi-observations over all ten sets are: 10 1 1 10 j j xx = = (6) ISO 17123-7: