ISO 17123-4-2012 Optics and optical instruments - Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments - Part 4 Electro-optical distance meters (EDM .pdf

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1、 ISO 2012 Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM measurements to reflectors) Optique et instruments doptique Mthodes dessai sur site des instruments godsiques et dobservation Partie 4: Tlmtres lectro

2、-optiques (mesurages MED avec rflecteurs) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-4 Second edition 2012-06-01 Reference number ISO 17123-4:2012(E) ISO 17123-4:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publi

3、cation may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genev

4、a 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 17123-4:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 General . 2 4.1 Requirem

5、ents . 2 4.2 Procedure 1: Simplified test procedure 2 4.3 Procedure 2: Full test procedure (Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty) . 2 5 Simplified test procedure 3 5.1 Configuration of the test field 3 5.2 Measurements 4 5.3 Calculation 4 5.4 Further investigations 4 6 Full test procedure 5 6.1

6、 Configuration of the test line 5 6.2 Measurements 6 6.3 Calculation 7 6.4 Statistical tests .10 6.5 Combined standard uncertainty evaluation (Type A and Type B) 12 Annex A (informative) Example of the simplified test procedure 13 Annex B (informative) Example of the full test procedure 15 Annex C (

7、informative) Example for the calculation of a combined uncertainty budget (Type A and Type B) 19 Bibliography .22 ISO 17123-4:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing In

8、ternational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison

9、with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of techn

10、ical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn

11、 to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17123-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surve

12、ying instruments. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17123-4:2001), which has been technically revised. ISO 17123 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments: Part

13、 1: Theory Part 2: Levels Part 3: Theodolites Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM measurements to reflectors) Part 5: Total stations Part 6: Rotating lasers Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments Part 8 : GNSS field measurement systems in real-time kinematic (RTK) Annexes A, B and C of this p

14、art of ISO 17123 are for information only. iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 17123-4:2012(E) Introduction This part of ISO 17123 specifies field procedures for adoption when determining and evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results obtained by geodetic instruments and their ancillary equip

15、ment, when used in building and surveying measuring tasks. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature. T

16、he definition and concept of uncertainty as a quantitative attribute to the final result of measurement were developed mainly in the last two decades, even though error analysis has long been a part of all measurement sciences. After several stages, the CIPM (Comit Internationale des Poids et Mesure

17、s) referred the task of developing a detailed guide to ISO. Under the responsibility of the ISO Technical Advisory Group on Metrology (TAG 4), and in conjunction with six worldwide metrology organizations, a guidance document on the expression of measurement uncertainty was compiled with the objecti

18、ve of providing rules for use within standardization, calibration, laboratory, accreditation and metrology services. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 was first published as the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) in 1995. With the introduction of uncertainty in measurement in ISO 17123 (al

19、l parts), it is intended to finally provide a uniform, quantitative expression of measurement uncertainty in geodetic metrology with the aim of meeting the requirements of customers. ISO 17123 (all parts) provides not only a means of evaluating the precision (experimental standard deviation) of an i

20、nstrument, but also a tool for defining an uncertainty budget, which allows for the summation of all uncertainty components, whether they are random or systematic, to a representative measure of accuracy, i.e. the combined standard uncertainty. ISO 17123 (all parts) therefore provides, for each inst

21、rument investigated by the procedures, a proposal for additional, typical influence quantities, which can be expected during practical use. The customer can estimate, for a specific application, the relevant standard uncertainty components in order to derive and state the uncertainty of the measurin

22、g result. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM measurements to reflectors) 1 Scope This part of ISO 17123 specifies field procedures to be adopted when determining an

23、d evaluating the precision (repeatability) of electro-optical distance meters (EDM instruments) and their ancillary equipment when used in building and surveying measurements. This part of ISO 17123 is applicable to reflector-type EDM instruments only and is not designed to determine the precision o

24、f non-prism EDM types. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task at hand and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more

25、 comprehensive in nature. This part of ISO 17123 can be thought of as one of the first steps in the process of evaluating the uncertainty of a measurement (more specifically a measurand). The uncertainty of a result of a measurement is dependent on a number of parameters. Therefore we differentiate

26、between different measures of accuracy and objectives in testing, like repeatability, reproducibility (e.g. between day repeatability), and of course a thorough assessment of all possible error sources, as prescribed by ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and by ISO 17123-1. These field procedures have been develope

27、d specifically for in situ applications without the need for special ancillary equipment and are purposefully designed to minimize atmospheric influences. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the

28、edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability ISO 4463-1, Measurement methods for building Setting-out and

29、measurement Part 1: Planning and organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria ISO 7077, Measuring methods for building General principles and procedures for the verification of dimensional compliance ISO 7078, Building construction Procedures for setting out, measurement and surveying Voc

30、abulary and guidance notes ISO 9849, Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary ISO 17123-1, Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 1: Theory ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to

31、 the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-4:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 17123-4:2012(E) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose

32、s of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4463-1, ISO 7077, ISO 7078, ISO 9849, ISO 17123-1, ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO/IEC Guide 99 apply. 4 General 4.1 Requirements Before commencing surveying, it is important that the operator investigates that the precision in use of the measuri

33、ng equipment is appropriate to the intended measuring task. The EDM instrument and its ancillary equipment shall be in known and acceptable states of permanent adjustment according to the methods specified in the manufacturers handbook, and used with tripods, forced centring equipment and reflectors

34、 as recommended by the manufacturer. The results of these tests are influenced by meteorological conditions. These conditions will include variations in air temperature and air pressure. Actual meteorological data shall be measured in order to derive atmospheric corrections, which shall be added to

35、the raw distances. The particular conditions to be taken into account may vary, depending on the location where the tasks are to be undertaken. These conditions shall include variations in air temperature, wind speed, degree of cloudiness and visibility. Note should also be taken of the actual weath

36、er conditions at the time of measurement and the type of surface above which the measurements are made. The conditions chosen for the tests should match those expected when the intended measuring task is actually carried out (see ISO 7077 and ISO 7078). This part of ISO 17123 describes two different

37、 field procedures as given in Clauses 5 and 6. The operator shall choose the procedure which is most relevant to the projects particular requirements. 4.2 Procedure 1: Simplified test procedure The simplified test procedure provides an estimate as to whether the precision of a given EDM equipment is

38、 within the specified permitted deviation according to ISO 4463-1. The simplified test procedure is based on a limited number of measurements. Therefore, a significant standard deviation and consequently standard uncertainty cannot be obtained. If a more precise assessment of the EDM instrument unde

39、r field conditions is required, it is recommended to adopt the more rigorous full test procedure as given in Clause 6. This test procedure relies on having a test field with distances which are accepted as true values. If such a test field is not available, it is necessary to determine the unknown d

40、istances, using an EDM instrument of higher accuracy than that investigated in this test procedure. If no EDM with higher accuracy is available, the full test procedure has to be applied. 4.3 Procedure 2: Full test procedure (Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty) The full test procedure shall b

41、e adopted to determine the best achievable measure of precision of a particular EDM instrument and its ancillary equipment under field conditions, described by the operator. The full test procedure is based on measurements of distances in all combinations on a test line without nominal values. The e

42、xperimental standard deviation of a single distance measurement is determined from a least squares adjustment of the distances in all combinations. Scale errors of an EDM instrument cannot be detected by this procedure. But scale errors in general do not have any influence, neither on the experiment

43、al standard deviation, s, nor on the zero-point correction, . In order to determine the stability of the scale, the measuring frequency of the EDM instrument can be checked by means of a frequency meter. 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 17123-4:2012(E) The test procedure given in Clause 6 is inten

44、ded for determining the measure of precision in use of a particular EDM instrument. This measure of precision in use is expressed in terms of the experimental standard deviation, s, of a single measured distance, which is considered the type A standard uncertainty: su ISO-EDM Further, this procedure

45、 implies: the measure of precision in use of EDM instruments by a single survey team with a single instrument and its ancillary equipment at a given time; the measure of precision in use of a single instrument over time; the measure of precision in use of each of several EDM instruments in order to

46、enable a comparison of their respective achievable precisions to be obtained under similar field conditions. Statistical tests should be applied to determine whether the experimental standard deviation, s, obtained belongs to the population of the instrumentations theoretical standard deviation , wh

47、ether two tested samples belong to the same population and whether the zero-point correction, , is equal to zero or equal to a predetermined value, 0(see 6.4). 5 Simplified test procedure 5.1 Configuration of the test field The test field shall consist of one permanently marked instrument station an

48、d four permanently mounted reflectors at typical distances for the usual working range of the particular EDM instrument (e.g. from 20 m to 200 m). If permanent mounting of the reflectors is not possible, then the ground points of the reflector stations should be indelibly marked. In order to set up

49、the test field, each distance shall be measured and meteorologically corrected at least three times using a higher accurate EDM instrument (see Figure 1) to eventually obtain a mean value. For this purpose, air temperature and air pressure have to be measured individually at the instrument and the target point very thoroughly in order to determine the necessary corrections of the mean values 1 ppm for any deviation of 1 C in temperature and/or for any deviation of 3 hPa (3 mbar)