ISO 10196-2003 Document imaging applications - Recommendations for the creation of original documents《文献成像应用 原始文献创作推荐规程》.pdf

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1、 Reference number ISO 10196:2003(E) ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10196 Second edition 2003-03-01 Document imaging applications Recommendations for the creation of original documents Applications en imagerie documentaire Recommandations pour la cration des documents originaux ISO 10196:2003(E)

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5、03 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the cou

6、ntry of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedISO 10196:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Intro

7、duction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Physical characteristics of the paper . 3 4.1 Sizes. 3 4.2 Quality of paper. 3 4.3 Colour of paper . 3 4.4 Translucent paper. 3 5 Printing characteristics 3 5.1 Colour of print . 3 5.2 Choice of a character font 4 5.3 Line sp

8、ace 5 5.4 Contrast 5 5.5 Print quality. 5 5.6 Reversed print. 5 5.7 Background tint. 5 6 Presentation of the texts 6 6.1 Text arrangement 6 6.2 Margins. 6 7 Information specific to scanning. 6 7.1 Bar code. 6 7.2 Continuous-tone photographs 6 7.3 Raster. 6 7.4 Drawings, graphics, open areas 6 7.5 Zo

9、nes to be filled in manually 6 Annex A (informative) Method for evaluating the opacity of paper. 7 Annex B (informative) Optical class of characters 8 Annex C (informative) Quality index. 10 Annex D (informative) Recommended minimal font dimensions for scanning . 11 Bibliography . 12 ISO 10196:2003(

10、E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body int

11、erested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnic

12、al Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the

13、technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.

14、ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10196 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document imaging applications, Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10196:1990), which has been

15、 technically revised. ISO 10196:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved vIntroduction The expanding use of modern means for managing, conserving, safeguarding and exchanging documents requires the creation of original documents of high quality. At the time of its creation, it is not always known whethe

16、r a document will be microfilmed or scanned. The requirements of this International Standard should be taken into account in the preparation of any document, to ensure that the document is of a quality that will reproduce well in case it has to be microfilmed or scanned. These recommendations should

17、 be part of the current practice of companies, in particular concerning the creation and duplication of documents. The quality of the original document has a direct effect upon the quality of a microimage or of a scanned image. Recording operations carried out therefore greatly depend on certain cha

18、racteristics of the original document, which are essential for the production of quality reproduction. The progress made in the field of micrographics leads to the use of increasingly greater reduction ratios, which correspondingly makes the creation of originals more important. Likewise for scannin

19、g, the existence of high-performance equipment also leads to creating quality originals. In addition, the increasing frequent use of optical character or image-recognition techniques (OCR or ICR), demands that the text be legible in order to be efficacious. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10196:2003(E) I

20、SO 2003 All rights reserved 1Document imaging applications Recommendations for the creation of original documents 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the creation of printed documents so that they may be easily reproduced as microforms or scanned images. Although studies were ba

21、sed more specifically on the Latin alphabet, the general principles may be used as guidelines for the production of documents using other alphabets or ideograms. This International Standard does not apply to technical drawings for which requirements are given in ISO 5457 and ISO 6428. It also does n

22、ot apply to special micrographics or scanning-related applications (scanning of bank cheques or bar codes). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

23、the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5-3:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions ISO 5-4:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density ISO 216: 1) , Writing paper and certain clas

24、ses of printed matter Trimmed sizes A and B series ISO 2470:1999, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness) ISO 6196-1:1993, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 1: General terms ISO 6196-2:1993, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 2: Image positions and methods of re

25、cording ISO 6196-3:1997, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 3: Film processing ISO 6196-4:1998, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 4: Materials and packaging ISO 6196-5:1987, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 5: Quality of images, legibility, inspection ISO 6196-6:1992, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 6: Equipment

26、ISO 12651:1999, Electronic imaging Vocabulary 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 216:1975) ISO 10196:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6196 and ISO 12651 and the following apply. 3.1 basic detail

27、d smallest element, whether black or white, necessary for the recognition of an individual character (see Figure 1) EXAMPLE width of the stroke (in particular of the upstroke), space within a symbol, separation between symbols. Black detail White detail Figure 1 Example of a basic detail 3.2 documen

28、t combination of a medium and the information recorded on or in it NOTE In this International Standard, “document“ means visually readable, typewritten or handwritten texts, and illustrations. 3.3 character font set of characters of the same style, weight and size, in sufficient quantity to enable t

29、ypographic composition NOTE A font is characterized by its type-face family and size e.g. Univers 55, size 2,13 mm. 3.4 optical class C number, representative of the geometrical design of a type of character, used for calculating its legibility and reproducibility limits 3.5 object-image ratio r rel

30、ationship between the dimensions of the object and the corresponding dimensions of the image EXAMPLES source document/microimage; source document/image on the screen; screen image/image reproduced on paper ISO 10196:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 33.6 off-format document oversized document doc

31、uments of which the length or width, or both, are greater than the format which can be scanned by the scanner or microfilmed by the camera 4 Physical characteristics of the paper 4.1 Sizes The documents should be printed on paper having trimmed sizes in accordance with ISO 216. As many micrographics

32、 or scanning systems are equipped with autofeed, it is preferable to use the most common formats, A4 or A3. 4.2 Quality of paper Paper with a grammage greater than 60 g/m 2should be used. Papers with heavy base weights, (over 150 g/m 2 ) can be unsuitable for equipment with document-autofeed systems

33、 or for rotary cameras. The opacity of paper should be sufficient to minimize show-through. A method for evaluating opacity is described in Annex A. The paper shall be suitable for use with the type of material or machinery to be used in document preparation. Avoid the use of paper incorporating flu

34、orescent agents. 4.3 Colour of paper A white base paper with uniform optical density should preferably be used, having a reflectance factor of at least 75 %, measured in accordance with ISO 2470. If the document needs coloured areas (e.g. forms with areas to be filled), the colour shall only be weak

35、. Preferably, marking of special areas should be made in some other way than coloured areas (e.g. frames). In the case of scanning, the use of coloured paper is possible if the colour of the paper is perceived by the scanner as white. 4.4 Translucent paper The use of translucent paper is not recomme

36、nded. When a translucent paper is used, its visual diffuse reflection density should be less than 0,25 measured in accordance with ISO 5-3 and ISO 5-4. 5 Printing characteristics 5.1 Colour of print Dense black ink should be used for print. In the case of scanning and microfilming, it is possible to

37、 use coloured inks. The latter should preferably be detected as a black colour. In order to determine those colours which can be accepted by the scanner, it is recommended to use the test target defined in ISO 12653. Coloured paper/coloured ink combinations should be carefully studied. ISO 10196:200

38、3(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reserved5.2 Choice of a character font 5.2.1 General Annex B gives guidance as regards the choice of a character font. The requirements in 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 should be taken into account. 5.2.2 Typeface Characters should be easily recognizable. Character fonts with ornate, co

39、ndensed or narrow characters, or letters and numerals that are similar in appearance should be avoided (see Figure 2). “Standard” type fonts (Arial, Swiss) are a good example of acceptable character fonts. Serif Sanserif Figure 2 Examples of letter E 5.2.3 Character size Character sets, of which the

40、 minimum height of the lower case “e” is 1,4 mm for scanning and 1,8 mm for micrographics, should be used. The use of smaller characters can cause problems. The ratio of heights between upper- and lower-case characters should be 3 to 2. The width to height ratio of the lower case “e” should be betwe

41、en 0,9 and 1,1. The line width of character should be at least 0,18 mm, preferably 0,25 mm or more. The line width to height ratio of the lower case “e” should be less than 0,20. Figure 3 shows how to measure the characters. Figure 3 Examples of character measurement ISO 10196:2003(E) ISO 2003 All r

42、ights reserved 55.3 Line space The space between two base lines of characters should be at least equal to 1,5 times the height of the upper- case letter, measured as shown by Figure 4. Figure 4 Measurement of line spacing 5.4 Contrast The contrast of all information, including frames, markings, hand

43、written text, etc., should be as great as possible. 5.5 Print quality In order to obtain high-quality printing, high-gloss inks and techniques that impair the flatness of the medium should be avoided. The choice of ink should minimize penetration, smudging and spreading. The adhesion of the ink to t

44、he medium shall be good. In particular, in the case of scanning, followed by an optical-character recognition, some difficulties can appear if dot matrix printers are used, or again, in the case of used inking ribbons or insufficient developing ink in laser printers. 5.6 Reversed print The writing o

45、f text in light-coloured characters on dark-coloured or black backgrounds is not recommended, particularly in the case of optical character recognition, as scanners are often optimized in order to detect black dots on a white background and not the contrary. 5.7 Background tint The use of a backgrou

46、nd tint should be avoided. ISO 10196:2003(E) 6 ISO 2003 All rights reserved6 Presentation of the texts 6.1 Text arrangement The content of the document should be in portrait orientation. 6.2 Margins Adequate margins should be allowed, normally 25 mm on the binding edge and 10 mm on the other edges.

47、7 Information specific to scanning 7.1 Bar code Bar codes do not come within the scope of this International Standard. However, it can be useful to recognize them in the case of automatic document indexing. 7.2 Continuous-tone photographs Continuous-tone photographs pose a large number of problems a

48、t the time of scanning, in particular with the appearance of the moir effect. The most widely used scanners transform each element of the image either into a white dot or into a black dot. This representation leads to images that are often unusable. It is advisable to either avoid documents that con

49、tain photographs, or to use scanners that are equipped with grey-scale analysis facilities. 7.3 Raster It is recommended not to use rasters which are too fine ( 65). Beyond this, the scanner reconstitutes, more often than not, the very structure of the raster and not the image. 7.4 Colour image It is advisable to test the capabilities of the scanner with the test target. For this purpose, use the target provided in ISO 12653. 7.5 Drawings, graphics, open areas It is advised not to add a la