ASTM C125-2018b Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates.pdf

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1、Designation: C125 18aC125 18bStandard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of t

3、erms as they are used in standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C09.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Terms relating to cons

4、tituents of aggregates forradiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included in Terminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Institute(ACI) has a standard terminology for the concrete industry.2 In the event of

5、conflict between definitions in Terminology C125 anddefinitions in theACI standard terminology or in Terminology C219, definitions in Terminology C125 shall govern for CommitteeC09 standards.1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for which Committee C09 is responsible, it is included herein onl

6、y if used inmore than one Committee C09 standard.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still appropriateas stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary. The year shown in parentheses at the end

7、of a definition indicates the year the definitionor revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and a year indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the term has not yet beenreviewed.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognize

8、d principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for

9、Ready-Mixed ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Speci

10、fication for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for

11、 Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity MethodC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1240 Specification for Silica Fu

12、me Used in Cementitious MixturesC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.91 onTerminology.Current edition approved July 1, 2018Oct.

13、1, 2018. Published September 2018October 2018. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2018 asC125 18.C125 18a. DOI: 10.1520/C0125-18A.10.1520/C0125-18B.2 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.terminology.co

14、ncrete.org.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is inten

15、ded only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curren

16、t versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1610/C1610M Test Method for Stat

17、ic Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating ConcreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials3. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid

18、is drawn into and tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unless otherwise stated, the liquid involved

19、 is water, the increase in mass is that which does not includewater adhering to the outside surface, the increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the body and the body is considered to be“dry” when it has been treated by an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such

20、 as drying to constant mass at a temperature between 100and 110C.accreditation, nof testing agency, a process by which an evaluation authority attests that a testing agency has demonstrated thecompetency to perform specific tasks in accordance with a standard. (2011)admixture, na material other than

21、 water, aggregates, cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that is used as an ingredientof a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batch before orduring its mixing. (R2015)accelerating admixture,nan admixture that increases

22、 the rate of reaction of cementitious materials thus reducing time of settingand increasing early strength development of a cementitious mixture. (2015)air-entraining admixture,nadmixture that causes the development of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concrete or mortarduring mixing. (R2008)ch

23、emical admixture,nan admixture in the form of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid. (2014)mineral admixture,ndeprecated term. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types of water insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials, cementitious materials

24、,and aggregate. These materials are not similar, and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of the specific material should be used,for example, use “pozzolan,” “slag cement,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as is appropriate.retarding admixture,nan admixture that decreases the

25、rate of reaction of cementitious materials thus increasing time of settingof a cementitious mixture. (2015)water-reducing admixture,nadmixture that either increases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasingthe water content or that maintains the slump with a reduced amount of

26、water due to factors other than air entrainment. (R2008)water-reducing admixture, high-range,na water-reducing admixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction of watercontent when tested in accordance with Specification C494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirements of SpecificationC4

27、94/C494M. (R2008)age, equivalent, nthe number of days or hours of curing of a concrete mixture at a specified temperature required to producea maturity equal to the maturity achieved by a given curing period at concrete temperatures different from the specifiedtemperature. (2015)DISCUSSIONThe specif

28、ied temperature is taken typically as the temperature used for standard laboratory curing. For example, a concrete cured for three days atan elevated temperature may have an equivalent age of seven days of curing at the standard laboratory temperature.aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gra

29、vel, crushed stone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing mediumto form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R2008)coarse aggregate,n(1) aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregateretained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. (R2008)DISCUS

30、SIONC125 18b2The definitions are alternatives to be applied under differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading should be stat

31、ed in the specification.fine aggregate,n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (38-in.) sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andpredominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andretained on the 75-m (No. 200)

32、 sieve. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied under differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading sh

33、ould be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate,nsee high-density aggregate.high-density aggregate,naggregate with relative density greater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilmenite, iron,or steel. (R2008)lightweight aggregate,nsee low-density aggregate.low-density aggregat

34、e,naggregate with bulk density less than 1120 kg/m3 70 lb/ft3, such as: pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders,tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; and end products ofcoal or coke combustion. (R2008)normal-density aggregate,naggre

35、gate that is neither high nor low density. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with relative density typically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typically ranging between 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3 and 1920 kg/m3 120 lb/ft3.normalweight aggregate,nsee normal-density aggregate.air

36、content, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregate particles, usuallyexpressed as a percentage of total volume of the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air, entrained, nair void

37、s, typically between 10 and 1000 m (1 mm) in diameter and spherical or nearly so, that are incorporatedintentionally into a cementitious mixture during mixing by use of an air entraining admixture. (2012)DISCUSSIONEntrained air is used primarily to increase the durability of cementitious mixtures ex

38、posed to cycles of freezing and thawing in wet environments.Entrained air may affect workability and strength of a hardened cementitious mixture.air, entrapped, nair voids, typically 1 mm or larger in size and mainly irregular in shape, that are incorporated unintentionallyinto a cementitious mixtur

39、e during mixing and handling. (2012)air voidsee void, air.authority, evaluation, nan independent entity, apart from the testing agency being evaluated, that has the capability to providean unbiased evaluation of the technical activities of concrete and concrete aggregates testing agencies. (2011)DIS

40、CUSSIONTwo acceptable methods of evaluation are inspection and accreditation, and these services are offered by various evaluation authorities.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases,that is developed in a molt

41、en condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting from solidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by application of water to the solidified surface. (R2008)blas

42、t-furnace slag, expanded, nthe low density cellular material obtained by controlled processing of molten blast-furnace slagwith water or water and other agents, such as steam or compressed air or both. (R2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular material formed when molten blast-fur

43、nace slag is rapidly chilled, as byimmersion in water. (R2008)C125 18b3bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, or its emergence from, a newly placed cementitious mixture caused bythe settlement of the solid materials within the mass. (R2013)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a u

44、nit volume of bulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes the volume of theindividual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles). (R2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightof aggregate.calcined, adjheated to a temperature less than the melting point s

45、o as to bring about a decomposition, phase transition, orremoval of a volatile fraction of a solid material. (2012)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that, under specified conditions and following a standard procedure, establishesmetrological traceability by determining: (1) the relati

46、onship between the quantity values provided by measurement standardsor certified reference materials and the corresponding indications from a measuring instrument or system; and (2) the estimateduncertainty of measurements made subsequently with the instrument or system. (2011)DISCUSSIONCalibration

47、takes into account systematic error (or bias) of the measuring instrument or system as well as random error that is associated with the useof the measurement instrument or system and error associated with the measurement standards or certified reference materials. Calibration should notbe confused w

48、ith an adjustment of a measuring instrument or with verification of a measuring instrument. Sometimes the first step alone is mistakenlycalled calibration, but performing only the first step is the process of standardization. In tests of concrete and concrete aggregates, standardizationof measuring

49、instruments or systems is often sufficient.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.(R2015)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has been ground to cement fineness, with or without additions, and that is ahydraulic cement. (R2015)cementitious material (hydraulic) , nan inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and develops strengthby chemical reaction with water