广东省广州市天河区2019高考英语二轮复习阅读理解及解析（社会生活类）01专题训练（含解析）.doc

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1、1阅读理解（社会生活类）01一、You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible（有形的）things such as cats, photos and noisy toys.There are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several n

2、ew museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly commonrecords, model houses. Others are strangely beautifulbranch

3、es that have fallen from tree, for example. But they all reveal （显露） a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Other on the way include “The museum of Collectors” and “The Museum of Me.”These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The M

4、useum Of.” The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important point:

5、 the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up,”says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial（顺序排列的）arrangement is comforting.64. How will the new museums promo

6、te a popular culture of museums?A. By collecting more tangible things.B. By showing what ordinary people have collected.C. By correcting what museums normally represent.D. By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.65. What can be learned about collectors from their collections?2A. Who they a

7、re.B. How old they are.C.Where they were born.D. Why they might not mean to collect.66. Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?A. To help people sell their collections.B. To encourage more people to collect.C. To study the significance of collecting.D. To find out why people visit museu

8、ms.67. According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they A. become adultsB. feel happy with lifeC. are ready for a relationshipD. feel time to he uncontrollable【考点】考察社会生活类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新型的收藏模式：普通人自己收藏一些很零碎的东西。这和以前的常规的收藏形式不一样，介绍了这一收藏模式的特点和意义。64. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章 1,2段 You are

9、the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do.和 There are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors可知这是一种新型的收藏

10、方式，展示的是很多普通人的收藏品，这会让这些新型的博物馆显得很流行。故 B正确。65. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第三段第二行 But they all reveal （显露）a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.可知在这样的展览里可以得知 who they are。也就是谁在搞这样的收藏。故 A正确，其余 BCD三项没有提及。366. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第四段 2,3行 The thinkers behind t

11、he project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.他们希望人们能够探索他们收藏这些东西的意义，明白他们这样做的原因。也就是说让他们知道收藏的重要性。故 C正确。67. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章最后一段 1,2行 Some collectors say they

12、started or stopped making collections at important point: the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up,”says one.可知当人们青春期结束的时候，他们就不再这样做了，也就是说当他们成年以后，他们就不要这样做了。故 A正确。二、You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bil

13、l Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising “changemakers“ seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a ch

14、angemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow int

15、o a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provide

16、d an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the 4uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把制成堆粪)this was

17、te . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that th

18、ere was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.72. Which of the following could be the bes

19、t title for the passage?A. Changemakers B. BusinessmenC. Social Conditions D.Rubbish Problem73. The underlined word “them“ in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“ “A. the local farmers B. Masqsood and IftekharC. Drayton and his team D. the poor people in Dhaka74. It can be concluded from the passage that

20、 anyone can become a changemaker if he .A. considers Draytons conceptB. gets permission from AshokaC. tries to improve social conditionsD. is a young, happy and healthy adult75. The authors attitude towards Ashokas program can be described as A. changing B. forgiving C. cautious D. Positive【考点】考察社会生

21、活类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了一个公益组织 Ashoka组织人们和贫穷做斗志，促进教育事业，鼓励人们做小生意，让每个人都成为变化产生的人。并举例进行说明。【答案】A 【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 his association, founded by Bill Drayton, 5has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the wor

22、lds most promising “changemakers“可知作者向我们介绍了 Ashoka，这个组织和贫穷做斗志，促进教育事业，鼓励人们做小生意，让每个人都成为变化产生的人。接着文章介绍了这个组织所做的一些事情。这个组织才是真正的 changemakers。故 A项正确。73. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段 They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) w

23、hich were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years .可知 Masqsood和 Iftekhar让当地人把垃圾变成肥料，可以解决他们购买化肥的问题，开始的时候人们拒绝了他们。但是当他们知道这样可以挣钱的时候就开始做了。这里的 them应该是指当地的穷人。故 D正确。74. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段前三行 The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem

24、that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.可知只

25、要你愿意解决你所关心的问题，只要能够提高社会生活的条件，你就可以成为 changemakers。故 C正确。75. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。提高文章最后 2两段中介绍 Ashoka所组织的把垃圾变成肥料获得成功的故事告诉我们作者认为 Ashoka的活动是有意义的，所以对它的态度也是积极的。故 D正确。【长难句解析】You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness

26、, promoted education and encouraged small businesses.【翻译】你也许没有听说过 Ashoka，但是在过去的 27年里，这个由 Bill Drayton成立的6组织一直都在和贫穷和疾病做斗志，促进教育和鼓励人们做小生意。【分析】本句较长，句中时间状语 for the past 27 years通常都是和现在完成时连用。另外句中的过去分词短语 founded by Bill Drayton做定语修饰前面的名词association，因为两者之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词的形式，相当于定语从句which was association.三、Ch

27、oosing the Right Resolution (决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入). That is, w

28、e tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “Ill stop having desert for lunch,” or “Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.”

29、 Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives (激励 ) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating childr

30、en to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. F

31、ryers conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct contr

32、ol over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And its easier to start again if you fail, because you 7know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-s

33、pecified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, dont stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a f

34、amily movie night every Wednesday.In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.63. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _ .A. it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB. it is focused too much on the resultC. it is dependent on too many thingsD. it is bas

35、ed on actionable decisions64. In Roland Fryers research, some students did better than the others because _ .A. they obeyed all the general rulesB. they paid more attention to examsC. they were motivated by their classmatesD. they were rewarded for reading some books65. According to the writer, whic

36、h of the following statements is a good goal?A. “Ill give up desert.” B. “Ill study harder.”C. “Ill cut down my expense” D. “Ill spend more time with my family”66. The writer strongly believes that we should _ .A. develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB. be optimistic about final goals and sti

37、ck to themC. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD. set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output8【考点】考察社会生活类阅读【文章大意】人们总是为自己的减肥设立目标，但是又总是无法成功。作者告诉我们那是愿望我们只关注了输出，而忽视了输入的影响。同时作者还通过实验告诉我们要养成采取行动的习惯。63. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段 1,2行 To reach our goal of losing weight - th

38、e output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.可知为了实现我们减肥的目的，我们需要控制我们的输入，而不是只关注结果（输出） 。这就是我们只为自己设立减肥的目标的错误所在：只注意结果。故 B正确。64. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段 4,5行 His main finding was that incentives increased achievement whe

39、n based on input but had no effect on output.可知当以输入为基础的时候，激励会有很好的结果。再根据第三段 2,3行 In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books可知针对输入的激励是让他们读书。故 D项说法：奖励他们读书是有效的。故 D正确。65. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段可知要想减肥，很重要的是控制住我们的输入。选项里的 A项：“Ill give up desert.” 我将放弃甜点。这就属于控制输入。故

40、 A正确。66. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句 Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.可知作者建议我们快乐那些我们能够采纳也能够坚持的行动习惯。也就是说作者认为我们要采取一些能够成为习惯的行动。故 C正确。【长难句解析】To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入).【翻译】为了实现我们减肥的目标输出，我们需要控制我们吃的东西输入。【分析】本句中的不定式 to reach our goal of losing weight在句中充当的是目的状语，9后面的主句中有一个动词 control的宾语从句 what we eat，what 引导起这个宾语从句，并在句中充当 eat的宾语。