2019高考英语一轮选练习题Unit3Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版选修8.doc

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1、1选修 8Unit 3李仕才考点规范练(选修 8 Unit 3)【短文语法填空】Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _1_ farm, which looked almost abandoned._2_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _3_ other food and made cheese and

2、butter for the family with what _4_ (leave)The cow was their only means of support, in fact.One day, the cow was eating grass _5_ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, she _6_ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _7_ the cow.In order to supp

3、ort his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _8_ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in

4、 the market _9_ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to _10_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【语篇导读】 这篇短文讲述的是 Johnson先生一家人依靠农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛摔死了。Johnson 先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了一扇门。1a 句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都

5、快废弃了。a 是不定冠词，表示泛指一个，修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知，Johnson 先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填 a。2luckily 句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily 副词，幸运的是。根据文意可知，Johnson 先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子。3for 句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或用牛奶换其他的食物。本句话中 exchange 的意思是交换，根据句意可知，Johnson 先生用牛奶换其他的食物。这里是用短语2exchange.for.，故填介词 for。

6、4was left 句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或用牛奶换其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave 离开；剩下，留下。根据文意可知，Johnson 先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里 what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。5when 句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。when 是并列连词，意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是 be doing sth when.，正在做某事这时。6fell 句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下山死了。fall 摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是

7、一般过去时态，故这里填过去式 fell。7without 句意：奶牛死了，Johnson 先生不得不继续生活。根据文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此 Johnson先生就不得不在没有了奶牛情况下生活。故填without。8to sell 句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，Johnson 先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell 卖，销售。根据文意可知，Johnson 先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖。这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。9where 句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词

8、the market。10him 句意：现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。It occurred to sb that.某人突然发现，这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是 Johnson先生，故填 him。.阅读理解AIBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehicle called “Olli” in National Harbour,Maryland.The carreally,a small busis capable of transporting 12 people

9、 at once.It uses IBMs “Watson” system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morning.If youre running late one day or Watson uses weather data to figure out that i

10、ts about to rain,or that traffic will get worseOlli might tell you theres no time for coffee.Ask it when youll 3arrive at your destination and it can answer.The vehicle will be available to the public in National Harbor at “select times” this summer.Later this year,it will be used in Floridas Miami-

11、Dade County and Las Vegas.Much has been said about Googles driverless car prototype(模型)but Jay Rogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says theres a problem with the Googles business model.“Google doesnt make cars,”he explained.While thats not strictly truethe company does have its

12、 own self-driving car prototypeGoogle is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads.But driverless cars arent legal in every state.“A company like Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere,”Rogers said.Rogers believes Local Motors i

13、s nimble enough to be an industry leader.The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.Were a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors major problem is le

14、gislation,not technology.Theyre already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever theres demandthough its a small company,so dont expect too many of them.1.Whats Ollis major feature?A.It is an electric vehicle.B.It doesnt need a driver.C.It can take 12 people at once.D.It can communicate wit

15、h passengers.2.What does Rogers think of Googles driverless cars?A.They will be Ollis strong competitors.B.They cant be driven on public roads.C.They have a big technical problem.D.They wont be mass-produced.43.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean?A.Able to adapt easily.B.Able to

16、act quickly.C.Fully developed.D.Highly creative.4.Why will Olli not appear in great numbers?A.Because it is still in the testing stage.B.Because many people cant afford to buy it.C.Because Local Motors has low productivity.D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America.B(2016武汉武昌调研)Brooke Martin

17、s golden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?”Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old ca

18、me up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesnt have to answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.Its a two-way audio and videoyou can see and hear each

19、other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the

20、 summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After Martins video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3Ms consumer health care 5division.“I just lead he

21、r down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dogs end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a

22、 lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp t

23、eeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific met

24、hod,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids dont get buried in data,”she said.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competitionB.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs hungerC.A man-made device lets people chat with

25、 their petsD.A kid-invented device calms dogs separation anxiety6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by . A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC. answering the callD.giving them food7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”?A.Competitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.D.Companions.68.What

26、 do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the problems related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.【巩固】One of the main challenges facing many coun

27、tries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent Afri

28、can states. said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the

29、 last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(规定) was the 1994 Toubon law in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern languag

30、e use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to

31、maintain the purity of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another rea

32、son for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. 7English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need t

33、o protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.1.Neville A

34、lexander believes that _.A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure2.The underlined word

35、 futile (in paragraph 2) most probably means _.A. workable B. practical C. useless D. unnecessary3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education.B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most la

36、nguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language.4.The best title for the passage is _. A. Fighting against the rule of English B. Protecting local languages and identitiesC. Globalization and multi-language

37、 trend D. To maintain the purity of language by law【文章大意】现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化收到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。很多国家都采取了很多的措施来保护本国的文化。1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not pract

38、iced in any of the 8independent African states. said Neville Alexander 可知，他认为母语教育方面的缺失会导致经济方面的失败。故 D正确。2.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据本句 Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from resear

39、ch that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.可知，很多语言专家都认为管理语言使用的努力是无用的，因为这样的控制是没有什么效果的。故 C正确。4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend.可知，现在世界全球化导致很多国家

40、的独特的文化受到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。故 B正确。.七选五阅读(2016重庆第二次诊断)How to Get on a Reality TV ShowThink carefully before you leap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,friends,neighbors,and your former school teachers.Is this something you can ha

41、ndle? 1 If youre not worried about this,then youre ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if thats the case! 2 For a brand-new show,read whatever is already available in the media about t

42、he shows intended themes,content,time slot,and audience. 3 This is probably easier if youve watched it without fail since it began. Be practical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the 9things that you should keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense to apply

43、to be in a weight loss show when youre already at an ideal weight. 4 If youre applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you dont have one,again,it may not be worth your while. Know why you want to do this.The shows producers will want a strong,well-foun

44、ded response. 5 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hoped-for outcome. A.Can you actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required?B.Learn all that you can ab

45、out the show before applying.C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you?D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isnt what theyre looking for.E.Do you have to eat things that are simply awful and that youd never think of eating in a million years?F.Give an answer that shows

46、 your strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model.G.For an existing show,it makes good sense to be up-to-date about the entire show from its previous seasons.短文改错I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even a

47、 time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest seriously.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled

48、 my goal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.10考点规范练(选修 8 Unit 3).【解题导语】本文是说明文。电动汽车 Olli不仅可以无人驾驶,还可以与乘客互动,回答乘客的各种问题。1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It uses IBMs Watson system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sourc

49、es.”及第二段内容可知,通过 IBM的认知系统 Watson,Olli可以与乘客互动。2.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“But driverless cars arent legal in every state.A company like Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere,.”可知,由于无人驾驶汽车不是在每个州都合法,因此与谷歌合作的汽车厂商不会大规模生产无人驾驶汽车。3.B 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.”可知,Local M