SMPTE ST 2042-1-2012 VC-2 Video Compression.pdf
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1、 Copyright 2012 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved August 2, 2012 SMPTE ST 2042-1:2012 Revision of SMPTE ST 2042-1:2009 SMPTE STANDARD VC-2 Video Compression Page 1 of 137 pages Table of Contents Page Foreword . 8
2、 Intellectual Property . 8 Introduction 8 1 Scope . 10 2 Conformance Notation . 10 3 Normative References 10 4 Definition of Acronyms and Terms . 11 4.1 Acronyms . 11 4.2 Terms 11 5 VC-2 Conventions 14 5.1 Naming Conventions: . 14 5.2 State Representation 14 5.3 Number Formats . 14 5.4 Data Types 14
3、 5.4.1 Elementary Data Types. 14 5.4.2 Compound Data Types . 15 5.5 Functions and Operators 15 5.5.1 Assignment . 15 5.5.2 Boolean Functions and Operators 16 5.5.3 Integer Functions and Operators 16 5.5.4 Array and Map Functions and Operators 18 5.5.5 Precedence and Associativity of Operators 18 5.6
4、 Pseudocode 19 5.6.1 Processes and Functions 19 5.6.2 Variables . 20 5.6.3 Control Flow 21 6 Overall VC-2 Specification . 22 SMPTE ST 2042-1:2012 Page 2 of 137 pages 7 Video Formats 24 7.1 Color Model 24 7.2 Interlace 24 7.3 Component Sampling . 25 7.4 Bit Resolution and Signal Ranges 25 7.5 Video F
5、rame Size and Rate . 25 8 Encoding Overview (Informative) . 25 8.1 Picture Input Processing . 26 8.2 Wavelet Transform . 26 8.3 Division Into Subbands . 26 8.4 DC Subband Prediction 28 8.5 Coefficient Scanning . 28 8.5.1 Core Syntax Coefficient Scanning 28 8.5.2 Low Delay Coefficient Ordering and Sc
6、anning . 29 8.6 Quantization and Quantizer Estimation 30 8.6.1 Quantization of the DC band . 31 8.7 Data Encoding 31 8.7.1 Arithmetic Coding 31 8.8 Stream Syntax 32 9 Decoding Overview. 32 9.1 Decoding Functions 32 9.1.1 Functional Description . 33 9.1.2 Data Decoding . 33 9.1.2.1 VC-2 Data Codings
7、. 34 9.1.3 VC-2 Syntax Decoding 34 9.1.4 Subband Decoding 34 9.1.4.1 DC Band Prediction 35 9.1.5 Inverse Quantization . 35 9.1.5.1 Quantizer Factor and Offset (Informative) 35 9.1.6 Coefficient Coding Order . 36 9.1.7 Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform . 36 9.1.7.1 Wavelet Filter Support 37 9.1.8 Cl
8、ipping . 37 10 VC-2 Stream . 38 10.1 Pseudocode 38 10.2 VC-2 Stream Syntax . 38 10.3 VC-2 Sequence Syntax 38 10.3.1 Parse Info Headers . 39 10.3.2 Data Units 40 10.3.2.1 Auxiliary Data 40 10.3.2.2 Padding . 40 10.4 Parse Info Header Syntax . 41 10.4.1 Parse Codes 42 SMPTE ST 2042-1:2012 Page 3 of 13
9、7 pages 10.4.1.1 Parse Code Values (Informative) . 43 10.5 VC-2 Sequence Decoding (Informative) . 43 10.5.1 Non Sequential Picture Decoding (Informative) 44 11 Sequence Header 45 11.1 Parse Parameters . 47 11.1.1 Version Number 47 11.1.2 Profiles and Levels 48 11.2 Base Video Format . 48 11.3 Source
10、 Parameters . 49 11.3.1 Setting Source Defaults 50 11.3.2 Frame Size 50 11.3.3 Color difference Sampling Format 51 11.3.4 Scan Format 52 11.3.5 Frame Rate . 52 11.3.6 Pixel Aspect Ratio . 54 11.3.7 Clean Area 56 11.3.8 Signal Range . 56 11.3.9 Color Specification 58 11.3.9.1 Color Primaries . 59 11.
11、3.9.2 Color Matrix 59 11.3.9.3 Transfer Function . 60 11.4 Picture Coding Mode 61 11.5 Initializing Coding Parameters 61 11.5.1 Picture Dimensions . 61 11.5.2 Video Depth 62 12 Picture Syntax 62 12.1 Picture Header 63 12.2 Wavelet Transform . 63 12.3 Transform Parameters 64 12.3.1 Wavelet Filter 64
12、12.3.2 Transform Depth . 65 12.3.3 Codeblock Parameters (Core Syntax Only) 65 12.3.4 Slice Coding Parameters (Low Delay Syntax Only) . 67 12.3.4.1 Slice Parameters 67 12.3.4.2 Quantization Matrices . 67 13 Transform Data Syntax 68 13.1 Subband Data Structure . 69 13.1.1 Wavelet Data Initialization .
13、 69 13.1.2 Wavelet Subband Dimensions 70 13.2 Inverse Quantization . 71 13.2.1 Quantization Factors and Offsets . 71 13.3 DC Subband Prediction 72 13.4 Core Syntax Wavelet Coefficient Unpacking 73 SMPTE ST 2042-1:2012 Page 4 of 137 pages 13.4.1 Core Syntax Transform Data 73 13.4.2 Subbands 74 13.4.2
14、.1 Zero Subband . 74 13.4.2.2 Non-Skipped Subbands 75 13.4.3 Subband Codeblocks 75 13.4.3.1 Codeblock Dimensions . 75 13.4.3.2 Codeblock Unpacking Loop 76 13.4.3.3 Skipped Codeblock Flag . 76 13.4.3.4 Codeblock Quantizer Offset . 77 13.4.4 Subband Coefficients 77 13.4.4.1 Zero Parent . 78 13.4.4.2 Z
15、ero Neighborhood . 79 13.4.4.3 Sign Prediction 79 13.4.4.4 Coefficient Context Selection . 80 13.5 VC-2 Low Delay Wavelet Coefficient Unpacking 82 13.5.1 Overall Process . 82 13.5.2 Slice Unpacking for Low Delay Pictures . 83 13.5.2.1 Determining the Number of Bytes in a Low Delay Picture Slice 84 1
16、3.5.3 Slice Unpacking for High Quality Pictures. 85 13.5.4 Setting Slice Quantizers 86 13.5.5 Slice Subbands . 86 13.5.5.1 Slice Subband Area . 86 13.5.5.2 Single Component Slice Subband Data . 87 13.5.5.3 Color difference Slice Subband Data . 87 14 Picture Decoding 87 14.1 Overall Picture Decoding
17、Process 87 14.2 Picture IDWT . 88 14.3 Component IDWT . 88 14.3.1 Vertical and Horizontal Synthesis . 89 14.3.2 One-Dimensional Synthesis 90 14.3.2.1 Mathematical Formulation of Lifting Processes (Informative) . 92 14.3.3 Lifting Filter Parameters 93 14.3.4 Removal of IDWT Pad Values 96 14.4 Picture
18、 Output Ranges 96 Annex A VC-2 Data Coding Definitions (Normative) 98 A.1 Bit Packing and Data Input . 98 A.1.1 Reading a Byte . 98 A.1.2 Reading a Bit 98 A.1.3 Byte Alignment 98 A.2 Fixed Length Data 99 A.2.1 Boolean . 99 A.2.2 n-bit Unsigned Integer Literal 99 A.2.3 n-byte Unsigned Integer Literal
19、 . 99 SMPTE ST 2042-1:2012 Page 5 of 137 pages A.3 Variable-Length Codes . 100 A.3.1 Data Input for Bounded Block Operation . 100 A.3.2 Unsigned Interleaved Exp-Golomb Codes 101 A.3.3 Signed Interleaved Exp-Golomb Codes 103 A.4 Parsing of Arithmetic Coded Data 104 A.4.1 Context Probabilities . 104 A
20、.4.2 Arithmetic Decoding of Boolean Values . 105 A.4.3 Arithmetic Decoding of Integer Values . 105 A.4.3.1 Binary Coding and Contexts 105 A.4.3.2 Unsigned Integer Decoding . 106 A.4.3.3 Signed Integer Decoding . 106 Annex B Arithmetic Coding (Normative) 107 B.1 Arithmetic Coding Principles (Informat
21、ive) 107 B.1.1 Interval Division and Scaling 107 B.1.2 Finite Precision Arithmetic 108 B.1.3 Symbol Probability Estimation 108 B.2 Arithmetic Decoding Engine (Normative) 110 B.2.1 State and Contexts . 110 B.2.2 Initialization . 110 B.2.3 Data Input . 111 B.2.4 Decoding Boolean Values 111 B.2.5 Renor
22、malization 112 B.2.6 Updating Context Probabilities . 112 B.3 Arithmetic Encoding (Informative) . 114 B.3.1 Encoder Variables 114 B.3.2 Initialization . 114 B.3.3 Encoding Binary Values . 114 B.3.3.1 Scaling the Interval 114 B.3.3.2 Updating Contexts . 115 B.3.3.3 Renormalization and Output 115 B.3.
23、4 Flushing the Encoder 115 Annex C Predefined Video Formats (Normative) . 117 Annex D Profiles and Levels (Normative) . 121 D.1 Profiles 121 D.1.1 Low Delay Profile 121 D.1.2 Simple Profile . 121 D.1.3 Main Profile . 122 D.1.4 High Quality Profile . 122 D.2 Levels . 123 Annex E Low Delay Quantizatio
24、n Matrices (Normative) . 124 E.1 Default Quantization Matrices 124 E.2 Quantization Matrix Design and Quantizer Selection (Informative) 125 E.2.1 Noise Power Normalization 125 E.2.2 Custom Quantization Matrices . 127 SMPTE ST 2042-1:2012 Page 6 of 137 pages Annex F Video Systems Model (Informative)
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