SAE AMS 2404H-2017 Plating Electroless Nickel.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMS2404H AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2404 REV. H Issued 1957-09 Revised 2017-07 Superse

5、ding AMS2404G Plating, Electroless Nickel RATIONALE AMS2404H results from a Five-Year Review and update of this specification that revises thickness determination (3.4.1), quality (3.5), periodic tests (4.2.2), adhesion to become a periodic test (4.2.1 and 4.2.2), describes adhesion test specimen co

6、nfiguration (4.3.1.6), establishes adhesion test sampling (4.3.2.2), and consolidates reference of AMS-C-26074 into 8.13. NOTICE ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the plating processor by the purchaser. 1. Purchase order shall specify not less than the following: A

7、MS2404G and Class (1.3) Plating thickness desired ( 3.4.1 and 8.13) Basis metal to be plated Tensile strength or hardness of the basis metal (steel alloys only) Pre-plate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time and temperature) if different from 3.1.1 Special features, geometry or p

8、rocessing present on parts that requires special attention by the plating processor Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating processor if different from 3.3.1 Optional: Composition (3.4.7) Optional: Hydrogen embrittlement acceptance testing requirements (4.3.1.4) Optional: Periodic t

9、esting frequency (4.2.2) and sample quantity (4.3.2) Quantity of pieces to be plated Shot peening, if required, on steel parts having a hardness of 40 HRC or above (8.11) Special processing, when required, to avoid or remove discoloration (see 3.5) SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2404H Page 2 of 9 2. Parts man

10、ufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or if performed after plating, could adversely affect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering

11、 organization or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers the requirements for electroless nickel deposited on various materials. 1.2 Application This deposit has been used typically to provide a uniform build-up on intricate shapes, to im

12、prove wear and/or corrosion resistance, or to improve solderability on or for selected materials, but usage is not limited to such applications. The deposit has been used in service up to 1000 F (538 C) although wear and/or corrosion resistance may degrade as service temperature increases. 1.2.1 App

13、lication of electroless nickel plating to steel parts having a hardness of 46 HRC (ultimate tensile strength of 220 ksi (1517 MPa) or higher shall not be performed unless authorized by the design documentation or specific approval has been received from the cognizant engineering organization. 1.3 Cl

14、assification Plating covered by this specification is classified as follows: Class 1: Except for hydrogen embrittlement relief, no post plating thermal treatment. Class 2: Thermal treatment at 450 F (232 C) or above to harden the deposit. Class 3: Thermal treatment at 375 F (191 C) to improve adhesi

15、on for nonheat-treatable aluminum alloys and beryllium alloys. Class 4: Thermal treatment at 250 F (121 C) to improve adhesion for heat-treatable aluminum alloys. Unless a specific class is specified, Class 1 shall be supplied. 1.4 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applicati

16、ons, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous mat

17、erials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may

18、work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400

19、 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2404H P

20、age 3 of 9 ARP4992 Periodic Test for Process Solutions AS2390 Chemical Process Test Specimen Material 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog)

21、 Apparatus ASTM B487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B499 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B567 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatte

22、r Method ASTM B568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B571 Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings ASTM B636 Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer ASTM B748 Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measure

23、ment of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope ASTM B764 Simultaneous Thickness and Electrode Potential Determination of Individual Layers in Multilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test) ASTM E384 Microindentation Hardness of Materials ASTM F519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Pl

24、ating/Coating Processes and Service Environments 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Preparation 3.1.1 Stress Relief Treatment All steel parts having a hardness of 40 HRC and above and that are machined, ground, cold formed or cold straightened after heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface conta

25、mination and thermally stress relieved before plating. (Residual tensile stresses have been found to be damaging during electroplating.) Furnaces used for stress relief shall be controlled per AMS2750. The minimum requirements shall be Class 5, with Type D Instrumentation. Temperatures to which part

26、s are heated shall be such that stress relief is obtained while still maintaining hardness of parts within drawing limits. Unless otherwise specified, the following treatment temperatures and times shall be used: 3.1.1.1 For parts, excluding nitrided parts, having a hardness of 55 HRC and above, inc

27、luding carburized and induction hardened parts, stress relieve at 275 F 25 F (135 C 14 C) for 5 to 10 hours. 3.1.1.2 For parts having a hardness less than 55 HRC, stress relieve at 375 F 25 F (191 C 14 C) for a minimum of 4 hours. Nitrided parts fall into this category. Higher temperatures shall be

28、used only when specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.1.1.3 For peened parts: If stress relief temperatures above 375 F (191 C) are elected, the stress relieve shall be performed prior to peening or the cognizant engineering organization shall be consulted and shall appro

29、ve the stress relief temperature. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2404H Page 4 of 9 3.1.2 Cleaning The plating shall be applied over a surface free from water breaks. The cleaning procedure shall not produce pitting or intergranular attack of the basis metal and shall preserve dimensional requirements. 3.2 Pro

30、cedure 3.2.1 Plating shall be performed by chemical deposition of a nickel-phosphorus coating onto a properly prepared surface. For example, an activating treatment such as nickel strike may be applied. 3.2.2 Plated parts shall be removed from the plating solution, thoroughly rinsed, and dried. 3.2.

31、3 Double plating and spotting in are prohibited (see 8.9.1). 3.3 Post Treatment 3.3.1 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief Treatment of steel parts shall be in accordance with AMS2759/9. Other metals and alloys do not require hydrogen embrittlement relief baking 3.3.2 Heat Treatment for Hardness or Adhesio

32、n Enhancement When Class 2, 3, or 4 is specified, parts, after plating, rinsing, and drying, shall be thermally treated. 3.3.2.1 When Class 2 is specified, parts shall be heated to a selected temperature within the range of 450 to 800 F (232 to 427 C) and held for sufficient time to increase hardnes

33、s of the deposit (see 3.4.4 and 8.6). Hydrogen embrittlement relief (3.3.1) may be omitted if Class 2 hardening is started within 4 hours after plating. 3.3.2.2 When Class 3 is specified, parts shall be heated to 375 F 15 F (191 C 8 C) for 1 to 1.5 hours. 3.3.2.3 When Class 4 is specified, parts sha

34、ll be heated to 250 F 10 F (121 C 6 C) for 1 to 1.5 hours. 3.4 Properties Plating shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, minimum thickness of the nickel coating shall be 0.0010 inch (0.025 mm) for aluminum based alloys, 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm) for copper, nicke

35、l, cobalt, titanium and beryllium alloys, and 0.0015 inch (0.038 mm) for iron-based alloys. Thickness shall be determined by a dimensional gaging method or in accordance with ASTM B487, ASTM B499, ASTM B567, ASTM B568, ASTM B748, ASTM B764, or by other method acceptable to the cognizant engineering

36、organization. 3.4.1.1 Dimensional gauging (micrometers, verniers, pin gages, dial bore gages, height gages, or coordinated measuring machines, as examples) shall be maintained in accordance with ANSI/NCSL Z540.3. Resolution of the calibrated measuring instrument used, shall be not less than ten time

37、s more precise than the attribute being measured. 3.4.2 Adhesion shall meet the requirements of ASTM B571 bend test 180 with 4T mandrel or, when acceptable to the cognizant engineering organization, 3.4.2.1 may be used to demonstrate acceptable adhesion. 3.4.2.1 Plating on steel and nickel alloys sh

38、all comply with all criteria of 3.5 after being heated in air, preferably in a circulating-air furnace, at 700 F 15 F (371 C 8 C) for 23 hours 1 hour followed by heating at 1000 F 15 F (538 C 8 C) for 60 minutes 5 minutes. Temperatures and times for other alloys shall be specified by the purchaser.

39、3.4.3 Corrosion Resistance Carbon and low-alloy steel parts or test panels (4.3.1.3) having minimum plating thickness of 0.001 inch (25 m), shall, after plating and embrittlement-relieving, show no visual evidence of corrosion of the basis metal after being subjected for not less than 48 hours to co

40、ntinuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B117 (see 4.3.1.3). SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2404H Page 5 of 9 3.4.4 Hardness Class 2 plating shall be not lower than 800 HK100 (773HV100), or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E384 (see 3.3.2.1). 3.4.5 Hydrogen Embrittlem

41、ent The plating process after baking, shall not cause hydrogen embrittlement in steel parts, determined in accordance with 4.3.1.4. 3.4.6 Internal Stress The cognizant engineering organization may specify a compressive stress value for Class 1 plating up to 10 ksi (69 MPa), determined in accordance

42、with ASTM B636, or other test method acceptable to the cognizant engineering organization. 3.4.7 Composition The cognizant engineering organization may specify a phosphorus content range of the deposit. When specified, the composition of the deposit shall be determined by a method acceptable to the

43、cognizant engineering organization. 3.5 Quality Plating, as received by purchaser, shall be smooth, continuous, and uniform in appearance and shall be free from frosty areas, pinholes, blisters, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of the plate. Slight staining or discoloration is permissibl

44、e. Class 2 plating and non-plated exposed base material may discolor from thermal treatment. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The processor shall supply all samples for processors test and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Parts, if requ

45、ired for tests, shall be supplied by purchaser. The cognizant engineering organization reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that plating conforms to specified requirements. 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests Thickness (3.4.1)

46、BS1 and quality (3.5) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on parts, or samples representing parts when permitted herein on each lot (see 4.3.1.2). 4.2.2 Periodic Tests When corrosion resistance testing is required by 3.4.3, corrosion resistance (3.4.3) is a periodic test and shall be perform

47、ed at least monthly unless frequency of testing is specified by the cognizant engineering organization. Adhesion (3.4.2) is a periodic test that shall be performed no less than daily for each generic class of alloy as defined by AS2390 processed during that day. Internal stress, if specified (3.4.6)

48、, and composition, if specified (3.4.7) are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the processor unless frequency of testing is specified by the cognizant engineering organization. Tests of cleaning and plating solutions are periodic tests and shall be performed at a freque

49、ncy established by the processor unless frequency of testing is specified by the cognizant engineering organization (see 4.4.3 and 8.4). Testing for hydrogen embrittlement (3.4.5) is a periodic test and shall be performed in accordance with 4.3.1.4 at least once in each month that parts 36 HRC and over are plated. Testing for hardness (3.4.4) is